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{{Short description|Muhammad's ninth wife}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Umm Habibah<br>{{small|[[Muhammad's wives|Mother of the Believers]]}}
| native_name = {{lang|ar|أم حبيبة بنت أبي سفيان}}
| birth_name = Ramla bint Abi Sufyan
| birth_date = {{circa|589 or 594 [[Common Era|CE]]}}
| birth_place = [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], Arabia <br/>{{small|(present-day [[Saudi Arabia]])}}
| death_date = 45 [[After Hijra|AH]]; {{circa|664 CE}}
| death_place = [[Medina]], Hejaz, [[Umayyad Caliphate]] {{small|(present-day Saudi Arabia)}}
| resting_place = [[Jannat al-Baqi]], Medina
| title = ʾUmm ul-mumineen
| known_for = [[Mother of the Believers|Ninth wife]] of [[Muhammad]]
| spouse = {{bulleted list|[[Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh]] {{small|({{abbr|m.|married}} before 615 – divorced around 627)}}|[[Muhammad]] ({{abbr|m.|married}} 628 – {{small|till his death in}} 632)}}
| children = [[Habibah bint Ubayd Allah]]
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan|Yazid]] {{small|(half-brother)}}|[[Mu'awiya I|Mu'awiya]] {{small|(half-brother)}}|[[Uthman]] {{small|(second cousin)}}|[[Marwan I|Marwan]] {{small|(second cousin)}}}}
| father = [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb]]
| mother = [[Safiyyah bint Abi al-As]]
| family = {{ubl|[[Banu Umayya]] {{small|(by birth)}}|[[Ahl al-Bayt]] {{small|(by marriage)}}}}
}}
'''Umm Ḥabībah Ramla bint Abī Sufyān''' ({{lang-ar|أم حبيبة رملة بنت أبي سفيان}}; {{circa|589<ref>{{Cite book|title=Understanding the Islamic Law, Raj Bhala, Section: Ramla bint Abi Sufyan (Umm Habiba)}}</ref> or 594–665}}) was the ninth wife of [[Muhammad]] and therefore a [[Mother of the Believers]].

==Early life==
She was the daughter of [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb]] and [[Safiyyah bint Abi al-'As]].<ref>[http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/archive/readArt.php?lang=A&id=37985 الشبكة الإسلامية - (9) أم حبيبة رملة بنت أبي سفيان رضي الله عنها]</ref> Abu Sufyan was the chief of the [[Banu Umayya|Umayya clan]], and he was the leader of the whole [[Quraysh (tribe)|Quraysh]] tribe and the most powerful opponent of Muhammad in the period 624-630. However, he later accepted Islam and became a Muslim warrior. The first [[Umayyad]] [[caliph]], [[Muawiyah I]], was Ramla's half-brother, and [[Uthman ibn Affan]] was her maternal first cousin<ref>Muhammad ibn Jarir Al-Tabari, ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk'' vol. 39. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). ''Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors'', p. 177. New York: State University of New York Press.</ref> and paternal second cousin.

==Marriage to Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh==
Her first husband was [[Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh]],<ref name="Islam online">[http://www.islamonline.com/cgi-bin/news_service/profile_story.asp?service_id=933 Islam online]</ref> a brother of [[Zaynab bint Jahsh]], whom Muhammad also married.

Ubayd-Allah and Ramla were among the first people to accept Islam. In 616,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_migration_to_Abyssinia | title=Second migration to Abyssinia }}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=September 2023}} in order to avoid hostilities from [[Quraysh (tribe)|Quraish]], they both [[Migration to Abbysian|emigrated to Abyssinia]] ([[Ethiopia]]), where she gave birth to her daughter, [[Habibah bint Ubayd-Allah]].<ref name="Islam online"/>

It is claimed that Ubayd-Allah later converted to [[Christianity]].<ref name="Islam online"/> He tried to persuade Ramla to do the same, but she held on to [[Islam]]. His conversion led to their separation (Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah, vol. 4, p.305).<ref name= "Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani, ''Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz as-Sahabah'' (Beirut, Dar 'Ihya' at-Turath al-'Arabi, 1st ed. 1328AH/1910CE)"/>

==Marriage to Muhammad==
Muhammad sent Ramla a proposal of marriage, which arrived on the day she completed her ''Iddah'' (widow's waiting period).<ref>Landau-Tasseron/Tabari p. 178.</ref>

The marriage ceremony took place in Abyssinia even though Muhammad was not present. Ramla chose [[Khalid ibn Said]] as her legal guardian at the ceremony. The ''Negus'' (King) of Abyssinia read out the [[Khutba]] himself, and [[Khalid ibn Said]] made a speech in reply. The Negus gave Khalid a dower of 400 ''dinars'' and hosted a huge wedding feast after the ceremony. He also sent [[musk]] and [[ambergris]] to the bride through the slave Barrah.<ref name="Islam online"/> Muhammad did not give a dower larger than this to any of his other wives.<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>

The Negus then arranged to send all thirty of the remaining immigrant Muslims back to Arabia. They travelled to [[Medina]] in two boats.<ref>Muhammad ibn Ishaq, ''Sirat Rasul Allah''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammadﷺ'', pp. 527-530. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> [[Shurahbil ibn Hasana]] accompanied Ramla on this journey.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} According to some sources, she married Muhammad one year after the [[Hijra (Islam)|Hijra]], though she did not live with him until six years later, when Muhammad was sixty years old and she was thirty-five.<ref>[http://www.islamawareness.net/Muhammed/ibn_kathir_wives.html/ Ibn Kathir, ''The Wives of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW)''.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802065553/http://www.islamawareness.net/Muhammed/ibn_kathir_wives.html |date=2013-08-02 }}</ref> Tabari writes that her marriage took place in 7 A.H. (628) when "she was thirty-odd years old."<ref name="Landau-Tasseron/Tabari, p. 180">Tirmadhi 2226, Musnad Ahmed 12039</ref>

==Life in Medina==

On one occasion, Abu Sufyan visited his daughter Ramla in her house in Medina. "As he went to sit on the apostle’s carpet she folded it up so that he could not sit on it. 'My dear daughter,' he said, 'I hardly know if you think that the carpet is too good for me or that I am too good for the carpet!' She replied: 'It is the apostle’s carpet and you are an unclean polytheist. I do not want you to sit on the apostle’s carpet.' 'By God,' he said, 'since you left me you have gone to the bad.'"<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq, p. 543.</ref><ref name="Glubb">John Glubb, The Life and Times of Muhammad, Lanham 1998, p. 304-310.</ref>

Ramla died in the year 45 A.H. (664 or 665 C.E.) during the rule of her half-brother, Muawiyah I.<ref name="Landau-Tasseron/Tabari, p. 180"/> She was buried in the [[Jannat al-Baqi]] cemetery next to other wives of Muhammad.<ref name="Islam online"/>

==Legacy==
The [[Hadith]] literature includes about sixty-five hadiths narrated by Ramla. [[Muhammad al-Bukhari]] and [[Muslim b. al-Hajjaj]] agreed on two of them, and Muslim took two of them alone.<ref name="Islam online"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Wives of Muhammad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sufyan, Ramla bint Abi}}
[[Category:594 births]]
[[Category:665 deaths]]
[[Category:Muslim female saints]]
[[Category:Wives of Muhammad]]
[[Category:Banu Umayya]]
[[Category:6th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:7th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī]]

Umm Habiba - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article