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2021-04-01T20:44:15Z

ShortDescBot adding short description "Breed of cattle"

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{{Short description|Breed of cattle}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox cattle breed
| name = Umblachery
| image = Amblacheri 01.JPG
| image_size =
| image_alt = a humped bull, black with white socks
| image_caption = Bull
| image2 = Amblacheri 02.JPG
| image_size2 =
| image_alt2 = a humped cow, grey with darker markings
| image_caption2= Cow
| status = {{ubl|[[FAO]] (2007): endangered{{r|barb|page=59}}|[[DAD-IS]] (2020): not at risk{{r|dad2}}}}
| altname =
| country = India
| distribution = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| standard =
| use =
| weight =
| maleweight = 385 kg{{r|cabi|page=319}}
| femaleweight = 325 kg{{r|cabi|page=319}}
| height =
| maleheight = 113 cm{{r|cabi|page=319}}
| femaleheight = 103 cm{{r|cabi|page=319}}
| skincolour =
| coat = grey, bulls darker than cows{{r|cabi|page=319}}
| horn = small horns in both sexes{{r|dad2}}
| subspecies = "indicus"
| note =
}}

The '''Umblachery''' is an Indian [[List of cattle breeds|breed]] of [[zebuine cattle]].{{r|dad}} It is distributed in the coastal plains of the [[Districts of India|districts]] of [[Nagapattinam district|Nagapattinam]], [[Tiruvarur district|Tiruvarur]] and [[Thanjavur district|Tiruvarur]] in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] in [[South India]]. It was bred for [[ox|draught work]], particularly in the [[rice paddies]] of the area.{{r|cabi|page=319|lrrd2}}

== History ==

The Umblachery of eastern and central Tamil Nadu is thought to have derived from [[cross-breed]]ing of local cattle with animals of the [[Kangayam cattle|Kangayam]] cattle breed of the same state.{{r|cabi|page=319}} It is distributed in the coastal plains of the [[Districts of India|districts]] of [[Nagapattinam district|Nagapattinam]], [[Tiruvarur district|Tiruvarur]] and [[Thanjavur district|Tiruvarur]].{{r|lrrd}} A [[census]] in 2000 found 283157 head.{{r|dad2}} In 2007 its [[conservation status]] was reported by the [[FAO]] as "endangered".{{r|barb|page=59}} In 2013 the breed population was reported to be between 39000 and 72000; in 2020 the conservation status reported to [[DAD-IS]] was "not at risk".{{r|dad2}}

== Characteristics ==

The Umblachery is a small breed, standing just over a metre at the [[withers]]. Cows are grey, with darker markings on the face and neck and on the hindquarters; bulls are darker, and may have white markings such as white socks or a white star on the face. The horns are small in both sexes. Calves are born a reddish colour, which changes to grey within the first year of life.{{r|cabi|page=320}}

== Use ==

The Umblachery was bred for [[ox|draught work]], particularly in the [[rice paddies]] of the area.{{r|cabi|page=319|lrrd2}} It may also be milked: the milk has a [[butterfat|fat]] content of about 4.9%; the annual yield is approximately {{nobreak|400 kg}}.{{r|cabi|page=319}}

== References ==
{{commonscat}}
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007). [http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/010/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/010/a1250e/a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN|9789251057629}}. Accessed January 2017.</ref>

<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.it/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN|9781780647944}}.</ref>

<ref name=dad>[http://dad.fao.org/cgi-bin/EfabisWeb.cgi?sid=0b1613ebf16355cf65f6a05b9a65fe25,reportsreport8a_50001511 Breed data sheet: Umblachery/India]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2017.</ref>

<ref name=dad2>[http://www.fao.org/dad-is/browse-by-country-and-species/en/ Breed data sheet: Russkii Tyazhelovoz / Russian Federation (Horse)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2020.</ref>

<ref name=lrrd>R. Rajendran (2007). [http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/5/raje19071.htm Lactation performance and milk constituents of Umblachery breed of cattle (''Bos indicus'') in its native coastal ecology of Tamilnadu, India]. ''Livestock Research for Rural Development'' '''19''' (5). Accessed June 2020.</ref>

<ref name=lrrd2>R. Rajendran, T. V. Raja, A. K. Thiruvenkadan, A. Mahalinga Nainar, P. Thangaraju. (2008) [http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd20/3/raje20040.htm Morphobiometrical characteristics and management of Umblachery cattle from coastal region of Tamilnadu, India]. ''Livestock Research for Rural Development'' '''20''' (3). Accessed June 2020.</ref>

}}

== Further reading ==

* {{midsize|1=Premkumar V. Thomas (1995). [https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/displaybitstream?handle=1/2056860 ''Breed Characteristics and Performance of Umblachery Cattle''], doctoral dissertation. Available from the Krishikosh Institutional Repository of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.}}

{{Cattle breeds of India}}
[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in India]]
[[Category:Cattle breeds]]
[[Category:Animal husbandry in Tamil Nadu]]

Umblachery - Revision history

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