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{{Unreliable sources|date=June 2019}}
{{Copypaste|date=June 2019}}
{{short description|Indian poet, scholar and writer}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Umashankar Joshi
| image = Umashankar Joshi (cropped).jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Joshi in 1960, Mumbai
| pseudonym = ''Vasuki'', ''Shravan''
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1911|7|21}}
| birth_place = [[Bamna]], [[Sabarkantha]], [[Bombay presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1988|12|19|1911|7|21}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India
| occupation = Poet, Novelist, Short story writer
| alma_mater = * [[Gujarat College]]
* [[Elphinstone College]]<ref name=p>{{cite book|title=Modern Gujarati Poetry: A Selection by Rita Kothari|year=1998|pages=82, 85|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JObSbMwe3aUC&q=gujarat+college&pg=PA85|isbn=9788126002948}}</ref>
| nationality = India
| period = Gandhian Era
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| awards = {{plainlist|* [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] (1939)
* [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] (1943)
* [[Uma-Snehrashmi Prize]] (1963-64-65)
* [[Sahitya Academy Award]] (1973)}}
| signature = Umashankar Joshi autograph.svg
| website = {{official website}}
| module = {{Infobox academic
| child = yes
| doctoral_students = [[Ramanlal Joshi]] }}
}}

'''Umashankar Jethalal Joshi''' ({{audio|Umashankar Joshi.ogg|<small>pronunciation</small>|help=yes}}) (21 July 1911 – 19 December 1988) was an Indian [[poet]], scholar and writer known for his contribution to [[Gujarati literature]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html|title=Jnanpith Laureates Official listings|publisher=[[Jnanpith]] Website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013122739/http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html|archive-date=13 October 2007}}</ref>

==Biography==

=== Early years ===
Umashankar Joshi was born to Jethalal Kamalji and Navalbai in a small village named [[Bamna]] (now in Bhiloda Taluka of [[Aravalli district]], [[Gujarat]]). He had eight siblings including six brothers and two sisters.<ref name="umashankarjoshi.in">{{Cite web | url=http://www.umashankarjoshi.in/01.02_chronology-eng.html |title = Umashankar Joshi ~ Indian writer writing in Gujarati Language}}</ref>

[[File:Umashankar Joshi birth place.jpg|thumb|Joshi's birth place in [[Bamna]], Gujarat|left|upright=0.8]]
[[File:Sir Pratap High School Idar2.jpg|thumb|Sir Pratap High School of Idar where Joshi studied till 1927|left|upright=0.8]]
Umashankar Joshi's father, Jethalal who worked as a [[Karbhari]] of several [[Jagir]]s, wanted his sons to get an English education. In 1916, Joshi started his education at Primary school in [[Bamna]] and spent two years in 4th standard due to the absence of the teacher for a long time. Upon learning this Jathelal joined Joshi in Sir Pratap High School of [[Idar]]. As a boy who was raised in an orthodox environment, Joshi always heard "highly sensitive and expressive language" which shaped his future style, especially in writing plays. As a child, he had excursions to Hilly areas of Aravalli and visits to colorful monsoon fairs in and around Bamna. This village life left a profound impact on his language and developed "lyrical vien" in him.<ref name="Umashankar Joshi interview in JSAL" />

[[File:Nakki Lake in the evening.JPG|thumb|Nakki Lake on top of Mount abu that inspired Umashankar Joshi to write his first-ever published poem|right]]
In Sir Pratap High School, Idar, Joshi continued his studies till 1927 for 6 years. He joined Proprietary High School in [[Ahmedabad]] for his matriculation in 1927.<ref name="Chronology" /> Joshi considered reaching Ahmedabad to pursue higher education was a major breakthrough for him. Ahmedabad was then part of [[British India]] while Idar and Bamna were under princely rule of Idar state. Ahmedabad introduced Joshi to Gujarati literature. This city also helped raise his social and political consciousness.<ref name="Umashankar Joshi interview in JSAL" /> In 1928, Joshi joined in [[Gujarat College]], Ahmedabad. He continued his studies there until he left British education under National movement influence in 1930.<ref name="umashankarjoshi.in"/><ref name="Divya Bhaskar 2016"/>

The village environment in which Joshi spent his childhood gave him inspiration for his poetry in his college days.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web | url=http://www.umashankarjoshi.in/01.01_biographical.html |title = Umashankar Joshi ~ Indian writer writing in Gujarati Language}}</ref><ref name="Divya Bhaskar 2016">{{cite web | title=પોતાની કવિતાના નાયક તરીકે ગાંધીજીને રાખી 'વિશ્વશાંતિ'ની રચના કરનારા ૨૦ વર્ષના તરુણ કવિ ઉમાશંકરની મુગ્ધ નજરમાં વિશ્વશાંતિનો જે આદર્શ પ્રગટ્યો, તે પછી દ્રઢ થતો રહે છે.|author=Bholabhai Patel| website=[[Divya Bhaskar]] | date=9 September 2016 | url=http://m.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/MAG-bholabhai-patel-sahitya-vishesh-1177161.html?ref=mini | language=gu | access-date=19 September 2016}}</ref> The earliest of his published poems was written when Joshi was 17 when he just completed matriculation and joined in Gujarat college. Joshi along with two other friends climbed [[Mount Abu]], the highest peak in the Aravalli mountain range to watch the moon rise over [[Nakki Lake]] on the mountain. After a joyous journey to the hilltop, the autumnal fall moon and the lake inspired Joshi to write his first-ever published poem.<ref name="Umashankar Joshi interview in JSAL" /> The poem, ''Nakhee Sarovare Sarat poornimaa'' (Tr: Autumnal full moon at Nakki Lake) which was published in Gujarat college magazine, describes writing poetry in a stanza:
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
:''Saundar yo pee''
:''urajharan gaashe pachhee aapmele''
{{Col-break}}
:Drink (the cup of) beauty
:Heart will, then, flow singing, automatically.<ref name="Dhirubhai Thaker" />
{{Col-end}}

=== Independence activist and Young poet ===
In January 1929, Joshi participated in a strike called by Gujarat college students and this marked as his first association with ongoing National movement in India.<ref name="Chronology" /> On 26 December 1929 in Lahore sessions, congress declared that [[Purna Swaraj]] as their mission. [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] and [[Purna Swaraj|Purna swaraj]] declaration inspired Joshi to become a Satyagrahi.<ref name="Umashankar Joshi interview in JSAL" /> In April 1930, Joshi joined [[Viramgam]] [[satyagraha]] camp as a Satyagrahi. British officials arrested him along with other Satyagrahis in November 1930. He was imprisoned initially in Sabarmati jail, and later in [[Yerawada|Yerwada]] tent-jail. This initial imprisonment extended up to 14 weeks. As a result of [[Gandhi–Irwin Pact]], Joshi also released with thousands of political prisoners in early 1931. He attended Karachi conference held in March 1931. Joshi attended classes in Gujarat Vidyapith from July for six months. In 1932, Joshi again imprisoned for eight months period at Sabarmati and Visapur jails.<ref name="umashankarjoshi.in"/><ref name="Divya Bhaskar 2016"/>

Joshi penned his first poetry work ''Vishwa Shanti'' in 1931 in the Jail.<ref name="Indra Nath about Joshi" /> ''Vishwa Shanti'' is a long poem and it "refers to Gandhi's message and Lifework".<ref name="Umashankar Joshi interview in JSAL" /> This work expresses the poet's idea that "Even if Bapu's visit to the west is directed towards Indian independence, It will bring more effectively the message of peace to the West than Independence to [Indian] Nation".<ref name="Indra Nath about Joshi" /> Although Joshi was strongly influenced by Gandhi's life and message, he never tried to be associated with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] personally or politically. Joshi briefly met Gandhi in 1936 when Gandhi was presiding over Gujarati Literary Conference as a delegate and member. Even though the meeting was "Exciting" Joshi never tried to meet Gandhi again.<ref name="Umashankar Joshi interview in JSAL" /> Between 1930-34, when Joshi was participating in the Independence struggle, he wrote several poems, plays, articles, novels, and stories in Gujarati. During this period, his jail mate was another contemporary Gujarati poet [[Tribhuvandas Luhar]] "Sundaram". Both of them wrote in the same copy book and shared love for nation and being a global citizen.<ref name="Indra Nath about Joshi">{{cite journal |last1=Choudhuri |first1=Indra Nath |translator-first=Gargi |translator-last=Talapatra|title=Umashankar Joshi: The Star of the Dark Night |journal=Indian Literature |date=2012 |volume=56 |issue=2 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |location=New Delhi |pages=45–54 |jstor=23348864 |issn=0019-5804}} {{closed access}}</ref> In 1934, Umashankar referred to Sundaram that "We are twin brothers. In the fulfilment of our creative urge, the Gujarati language has perhaps conspired to tie us together at its very root without our knowledge of it". This collaboration has a lasting impact on their philosophy and style.<ref name="Dhirubhai Thaker">{{cite journal |last1=THAKER |first1=DHIRUBHAI |title=In Memoriam: Umashankar Joshi A Literary Profile |journal=Indian Literature |date=1989 |volume=32 |issue=5 (133) |pages=89–116 |jstor=23337012 |issn=0019-5804}}{{closed access}}</ref>

[[File:Chunilal Madia and Umashankar Joshi.jpg|thumb|Umashankar Joshi (left) with [[Chunilal Madia]] at [[Mumbai]], 1960|left]]
Joshi's father died in 1934. Civil disobedience movement was called off by Mahatma Gandhi. Joshi joined Elphinstone College to continue his studies. By the time he joined in [[Elphinstone College]] to pursue Graduation in arts, his works were in the school curriculum and became established writer in Gujarati Literature. In 1934, ''Gangotri'', the anthology of Joshi's poems written during 1932-34 was published. In 1936, Joshi started writing one-act plays and published them in a collection called ''[[Sapna Bharathi]]''. These works were popular on stage.<ref name="Indra Nath about Joshi" />

In Gujarati Literature, Joshi also credited as a writer who initiated Progressive literary movement. He was also an active part of pan-Indian progressive writers' movement.<ref name="Zaved Akhtar on Progressive writers' movement">{{cite journal |last1=Akhtar |first1=Javed |last2=Zaidi |first2=Humayun Zafar |title=Progressive Writers' Movement in Urdu Literature |journal=Indian Literature |date=2006 |volume=50 |issue=4 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |location=New Delhi |pages=140–162 |jstor=23346444 |issn=0019-5804}} {{closed access}}</ref> In 1936, he took active part in establishing "Progressive writers' association".<ref name="Chronology" /> Joshi's imprisonment in Yerwada jail during 1931 gave him an opportunity to study Socialism and Marxism as many inmates who were influenced by Socialism gave him books and discussed concepts. In jail, he read [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s account and [[Rabindranath Tagore|Tagore]]'s letters on their visit to Russia, [[Maurice G. Hindus]]'s ''Humanity Uprooted'', and Karl Marx's ''[[Das Kapital]]''. According to Joshi, the impact of Marx and socialism on him was emotional and evoked a strong feeling for equality and social justice. Along with Gandhian principles, Joshi's poetry from the early 1930s also reflects his socialistic influences. Joshi considered ''Jatharagni'' (1932), ''Panchali'' (1932) and ''Mochi'' (1933) as examples for his poems those reflect Marxist influence.<ref name="Umashankar Joshi interview in JSAL" /> [[Dhirubhai Thaker]] has observed that Joshi "challenged the establishment in a restrained but a threatening tone." in ''Gangotri'' and following poem exemplified it:
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
:''Racho racho ambarchumbee gumbajo...''
:''Bhookhyaan janona jatharaagni jaagashe...''
:''Khandernee bhasmakanee na laadhashe''
{{Col-break}}
:Build, build, you may, the domes of skyscrapers,
:when the fire of hunger of the hungry flares up,
:will you not find an iota of the remnants burnt.<ref name="Dhirubhai Thaker" />
{{Col-end}}

But, Joshi was not associated with Marxism. Joshi stated that "I am not a Gandhian nor a Marxian" and "Thank god! Gandhi was not a Gandhian, nor Marx a Marxist".<ref name="Indra Nath about Joshi" /> Initially Joshi even felt that ideals of socialism - Social justice and equality fitted very well with what Gandhi already preaching and living for.<ref name="Umashankar Joshi interview in JSAL" /> In this period, Joshi along with his dearest friend and collaborator Sundaram lead the young generation of writers who were associated with Freedom movement and also concerned towards other social issues.<ref name="Illumination and Disillutionment">{{cite journal |last1=Jhaveri |first1=Dileep |title=Introduction: Illumination and Disillusionment |journal=Indian Literature |date=2010 |volume=54 |issue=1 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |location=New Delhi |pages=48–59 |jstor=23344143 |issn=0019-5804}} {{closed access}}</ref>

=== Academic career and marriage ===
On 25 May 1937, he married Jyotsna N. Joshi in [[Ahmedabad]]. He got a job as a teacher at Goklibai High school, Mumbai in 1937. He passed Master of Arts with Gujarati and Sanskrit subjects in First class at [[Mumbai University]]. He started working as a part-time lecturer at Sydenham College of Commerce, Mumbai. In 1939, he was appointed in Gujarat Vidyasabha as a professor in postgraduate research studies department.<ref name="Chronology" /> During this period, where Joshi was a student and the household tried establishing in Mumbai, a vast and modern city, the struggle of city life came into his poetry. While the first poem in Joshi's poetry anthology ''Nishith'' was written while aboard an electric train at midnight, on a blank space left in a letter, Joshi said that not only the meter of Vedic invocations but also the rhythm of the electric train creep into the structure of the poem.<ref name="Joshi's Jnanpith acceptance speech" /> Joshi published ''Nishith'' as an anthology of these poems in 1939. He received the Jnanpith award for this work 29 years later in 1968.<ref name="Indra Nath about Joshi" />

The Progressive literature movement which was initiated by him lost its impact by the 1940s in Gujarati literature. Joshi also disassociated from progressivism. According to Joshi, this shift is due to several reasons: shift in political interests because of World war II, progressive poetry movement resulting in degeneration of style and aesthetic interests, and the rise of a new kind of poetry in Gujarati lead by young poets like [[Prahlad Parekh]].<ref name="Umashankar Joshi interview in JSAL" /> Joshi in search of new voice in his poetry, started a new genre, called dramatic poetry, in the 1940s. Sanskrit drama literature and Puranas inspired him to start this new genre. In 1944, he wrote seven dramatic poems and published them under the name "''Pracheena''".<ref name="Indra Nath about Joshi" />

From April 1944 to September 1946, he edited one of the oldest monthly magazines of Gujarati "''[[Buddhiprakash]]''. In 1946, he voluntarily retired from Gujarat Vidyasabha and in a later year he started a monthly magazine "''Sanskriti''". He continued running this monthly till 1984.<ref name="Sanskriti magazine">{{cite web |title=Umashankar Joshi ~ Indian man of letters writing in Gujarati Language |url=http://www.umashankarjoshi.in/05.00_Sanskriti.html |website=www.umashankarjoshi.in |publisher=Gangotri Trust |access-date=12 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="Indra Nath about Joshi" /> This magazine was considered as a prestigious.<ref name="JosephSharma2006">{{cite book|author1=Ammu Joseph|author2=Kalpana Sharma|title=Whose News?: The Media and Women's Issues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7SICwAAQBAJ&pg=PT327|date=7 August 2006|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-93-5150-021-6|pages=327–}}</ref> Umashankar Joshi along with his wife Jyotsna Joshi started "Gangotri Trust" in 1955 which was intended to support the publication of "Sanskriti". The trust also undertook a project of translating texts from Indian and foreign languages into Gujarati with the support from ‘Nisheeth Purskar Granth Mala’.<ref name="Gangotri">[http://umashankarjoshi.in/06.00_Gangotri.html About Gangotri trust]</ref> [[Bombay State]] government appointed him as member of Gujarati textbook committee in 1948. In 1953, he served as a visiting faculty at Lokbharti Shikshan Sanstha which was an educational institution in [[Sanosara]], [[Bhavnagar district]], Gujarat.<ref name="Chronology" />

Umashankar Joshi also contributed to literary criticism of Gujarati literature. He wrote prefaces to works of many contemporary poets like [[Prahlad Parekh]], [[Krishnalal Shridharani]], [[Nathalal Dave]] and others. He tried to assess characteristics and traits of New Wave literature and historical context to that through his critical essays.<ref name="Dhirubhai Thaker" />

=== Rise to prominence ===
In 1954 March, Umashankar Joshi was appointed as Member of the General Council and the executive committee of [[Sahitya Akademi]] from its inception.<ref name="Chronology">[http://www.umashankarjoshi.in/01.02_chronology-eng.html Umashankar Joshi: Chronology]</ref> In June, he was appointed as professor of Gujarati Literature at [[Gujarat University]]. He was also appointed the head of School of languages in that university. Joshi continued to work in the same university till his retirement in 1972.<ref name="umashankarjoshi.in"/><ref name="Divya Bhaskar 2016"/> In 1956, he toured [[United States of America|America]] and England as a member of a committee sent by the Indian Government to study the activities of 'General Education' in American and some British Universities. In 1964, he became a member of a committee appointed by the Government of Gujarat for the establishment of South Gujarat and Saurashtra Universities. In 1964, Joshi presided convention of "Gujarat Sahitya Parishad" in Delhi.<ref name="Chronology" /> From 30 November 1966: he was Vice-Chancellor of Gujarat University and worked in this position till 1972.<ref name="Indra Nath about Joshi" />

His early works have an influence of strong nationalism and Gandhian ideals of peace and non-violence. Although Joshi had a nationalistic background, his works also had themes of "Unity with the world and every human being". In 1956, there was a shift in his philosophy from Gandhian era and its principles to a disparity of modern life. His poem ''Chinnabhinna cchu'' (I am scattered) reflected this change in his philosophy. M. V. Desai considered that ''Chinnabhinna cchu'' and ''Shodh'' (The search) poems marks "mark a milestone depicting a sense of disintegration of the human personality and of seeking poetic beauty in words."<ref name="MV Desai Introduction to Joshi poetry">{{cite journal |last1=Desai |first1=M. V. |title=An Introduction to the Poetry of Umashankar Joshi |journal=Journal of South Asian Literature |date=1973 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=111–116 |issn=0091-5637|jstor=40871684 }} {{closed access}}</ref> Indra Nath Choudhuri proposed this "manifestation of notes of despair emerging from sense of helplessness" is part of a wider phenomenon seen in Indian poets from the mid-1950s like [[Faiz Ahmad Faiz]] (Urdu), [[Jibanananda Das]], [[Navakanta Barua]], [[Agyeya]], etc. Although his literature from the post-1950s started expressing disparity it also possesses the values of unity of humankind and peace that he expressed in the early 30s.<ref name="Indra Nath about Joshi" /> As early as 1945 and 1947, Joshi's poetry started expressing his disillusionment and disparity araised from events of that decade. After the [[Hiroshima and Nagasaki]] attack, Joshi questioned [[Surrender of Japan|victory]] came from such devastation in his poem:
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
:''Rudhir janmavaamaan ja ten vahaavyun ah ketalun?''
{{Col-break}}
:Alas, what profuse blood-shed at your very birth?
{{Col-end}}

In 1956, Joshi stated that his collections, ''Hriday Ma Padeli Chhabio'' (''Images Imprinted in the Heart'') and ''Ishamishida Ane Anya'' are the character sketches of the literary and historical figures whom he had met.<ref name=solanki>{{cite thesis|last=Solanki|first=Vipul|title=A Translation of Joseph Macwan's Vyathana Vitak from Gujarati Into English with a Critical Study|date=2016|publisher=[[Saurashtra University]]|place=Rajkot|type=PhD|chapter=Chapter 2:Critical Appreciation of Vyathana Vitak (The Afflicted)|hdl=10603/130572|pages=45}}</ref>

=== Old age, awards, and death ===
[[File:Gujarati Vishwakosh40.jpg|thumb|Umashankar Joshi inaugurating ''[[Jaybhikhkhu]] Commemoration Volume'', December 1970; from left to second is [[Dhirubhai Thaker]]]]
Umashankar Joshi received the [[Jnanpith Award]] for his work ''Nishanth'' along with Kannada poet [[K.V.Puttapa]] (for ''Ramayana Darsana'') in 1967. In his acceptance speech, Umashankar Joshi reiterated his belief about Unity of national identity and world mindedness by saying "What goes into the making of an Indian poet in the present-day world? His sharing the global anxiety and agony too. Paradoxically enough, the more world minded he is, the more Indian he will be, as one could see in the case of Tagore."<ref name="Joshi's Jnanpith acceptance speech">{{cite journal |last1=Joshi |first1=Umashankar |title=Acceptance Speech for the 1968 Bharatiya Jnanpith Award |journal=Journal of South Asian Literature |date=1973 |volume=9 |issue=1 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |location=New Delhi |pages=25–27 |jstor=40871637 |issn=0091-5637}} {{closed access}}</ref>

In 1970, Joshi was nominated to [[Rajya Sabha]]. Joshi became president of the Jnanpith Award committee in 1976 and Sahitya Akademi in 1978. He continued in the position of president of Sahitya Akademi from 1978 till 1983.<ref name="Chronology" /> During [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency in India]], Joshi showed his courage and commitment to his principles by advocating free speech in such an oppression.<ref name="Indra Nath about Joshi" /><ref group="Notes">In his poem "''Vasanth''" He wrote:<br>
<poem>You say it is springtime
But to the birds you say, be quiet
By turning all of us into mirrors
You are beholding only your beauty</poem></ref>

In 1988, he was admitted with lung cancer to [[Tata Memorial Hospital]], [[Mumbai]]. He died on 19 December 1988 at the age of 77.<ref name="umashankarjoshi.in"/>

==Style==
Umashankar Joshi is considered as one of the important literary figures in 20th century [[Gujarati literature]]. He used Blank verse style in poetry. Joshi credited this technique to Gujarati poet and critic [[Balwantray Thakore|B. K. Thakore]] who introduced Blank verse sonnet to Gujarati poetry in the 1880s.<ref name="Umashankar Joshi interview in JSAL">{{cite journal |last1=Joshi |first1=Umashankar |title=Interview with Umashankar Joshi |journal=Journal of South Asian Literature |date=1973 |volume=9 |issue=1 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |location=New Delhi |pages=1–23 |jstor=40871636 |issn=0091-5637}} {{closed access}}</ref>

[[File:Umashankar Joshi book exhibition.jpg|thumb|left|Exhibition of Umashankar Joshi's books at [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]], July 2018]]{{-}}

==List of works==
His works include:<ref name="Narasimhaiah1994">{{cite book|author=C. D. Narasimhaiah|title=East West Poetics at Work: Papers Presented at the Seminar on Indian and Western Poetics at Work, Dhvanyaloka, Mysore, January 1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mjS36DO4yPkC&pg=PA257|date=1 January 1994|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-385-1|pages=257–258}}</ref>
* ''Nishith'' ( ''નિશિથ'' ) – The God of Midnight (collection of poems)
* ''Gangotri'' ( ''ગંગોત્રી'' )
* ''Vishwashanti'' ( ''વિશ્વશાંતિ'' ) – World Peace
* ''Mahaprasthan'' ( ''મહાપ્રસ્થાન'' ) – Great Departure
* ''Abhigna'' ( ''અભિજ્ઞ'' ) – Recognition.
* ''Sanskruti' – Editor of the magazine
* ''Visamo'' – collection of stories
* ''Haveli'' – collection of dramas
* ''Shravani Melo'' – collection of stories
* ''Akho : Ek Adhyayan''
* "Shakuntal"- translation of Abhigyan Shakuntal of Kalidas
* "Uttar Ramcharit"- translation of Uttar Ramcharit of Bhavbhooti
* "Ishavaya Upanishad"- translation and commentary in Gujarati.
* "Gujarat Mori Mori Re"
* ''Mahaprasthan'' in Hindi translated by Mahavir Sinh Chauhan in 1997

==Influence and legacy==
[[File:Umashankar Joshi Bridge.jpg|thumb|Poet Umashankar Joshi Over bridge in [[Himatnagar]] named after him]]
In Urdu literary journal ''Naya Adab'', Ibham Rasheed called Joshi as one of great writers of India and added that his "prose and poem delve into a space that tempts humans for deception and barbarity".<ref name="Kidwai 2017">{{cite news | last=Kidwai | first=Shafey | title=The last word | newspaper=The Hindu | date=5 January 2017 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/society/The-last-word/article16993897.ece | access-date=10 February 2017}}</ref> [[Bholabhai Patel]], a notable Gujarati writer and academician, is one of the students of Joshi in Gujarat University. Interaction and association with Joshi acted as touchstone for literary taste in [[Bholabhai Patel]].<ref name="Bholabhai and Umashankar">{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Avadhesh Kumar |title=Bholabhai Patel (1934-2012): An Invisible Bridge between Gujarati and Indian Literatures |journal=Indian Literature |date=2012 |volume=56 |issue=3 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |location=New Delhi |pages=51–58 |jstor=23345961 |issn=0019-5804}} {{closed access}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Jnanpith Award]] – 1968 for ''Nishith'', a collection of his poems.<ref name=aw>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-poet-umashankar-joshi-remembered-1473880|publisher=DNA|date=29 November 2010|access-date=1 December 2013|title=Poet Umashankar Joshi remembered}}</ref>
* [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] – 1939<ref name=aw/>
* [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] – 1943<ref name=aw/>
* [[Soviet Land Nehru Award]] – 1973<ref name=aw/>
* Delhi [[Sahitya Academy Award]]<ref name=aw/>
* [[Uma-Snehrashmi Prize]] - 1963-64-65p
* Vishwa Gurjari Gaurav Puraskar - 1981

==Positions held==
* President – [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] (1968)
* President – [[Sahitya Akademi]] (1978–1982)
* Vice-Chancellor – [[Gujarat University]] (1970)
* Member – [[Rajya Sabha]], Upper House of the Indian Parliament<ref name="Divya Bhaskar 2016"/>
* first president of the Indian National Comparative Literature Association<ref name="Zepetnek2003">{{cite book|last=Totosy de Zepetnek|first=Steven|title=Comparative Literature and Comparative Cultural Studies|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/4127|year=2003|publisher=Purdue University Press|isbn=978-1-55753-290-9|page=31|via=[[Project MUSE]]}} {{closed access}}</ref>

==References==
=== Notes ===
{{reflist|group=Notes}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author|sname=Umashankar Joshi|sopt=t}}
* {{Gbooks-author|Umāśaṅkara Jośī}}
* [http://www.umashankarjoshi.in Official Website]

{{Jnanpith Award}}
{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Umashankar}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Gujarat University faculty]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language poets]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:People from Sabarkantha district]]
[[Category:Poets from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Jnanpith Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Gujarati]]
[[Category:Translators of Kalidasa]]

Umashankar Joshi - Revision history

->BattyBot: /* top */General fixes, replaced: | nationality = India | → | nationality = Indian |

imported>Gazal world: Undid revision 1041559642 by 2405:201:6007:4A42:74DE:5A6A:E27A:5520 (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:31, 11 November 2021
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			{{short description\|Indian poet, scholar and writer}}
	{{Unreliable sources\|date=June 2019}}		{{Unreliable sources\|date=June 2019}}
	{{Copypaste\|date=June 2019}}		{{Copypaste\|date=June 2019}}
	~~{{short description\|Indian poet, scholar and writer}}~~
	{{EngvarB\|date=October 2019}}		{{EngvarB\|date=October 2019}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2019}}
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	\| alma_mater = * [[Gujarat College]]		\| alma_mater = * [[Gujarat College]]
	* [[Elphinstone College]]<ref name=p>{{cite book\|title=Modern Gujarati Poetry: A Selection by Rita Kothari\|year=1998\|pages=82, 85\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JObSbMwe3aUC&q=gujarat+college&pg=PA85\|isbn=9788126002948}}</ref>		* [[Elphinstone College]]<ref name=p>{{cite book\|title=Modern Gujarati Poetry: A Selection by Rita Kothari\|year=1998\|pages=82, 85\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JObSbMwe3aUC&q=gujarat+college&pg=PA85\|isbn=9788126002948}}</ref>
	\| nationality = ~~India~~		\| nationality = Indian
	\| period = Gandhian Era		\| period = Gandhian Era
	\| genre =		\| genre =