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{{Short description|Timurid Ruler}}
{{for|the son of [[Timur]]|Umar Shaikh Mirza I}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name =Umar Shaikh Mirza II
| title =
| image =Umar Shaykh Mirza, 1875-1900.jpg
| caption =
| succession =Ruler of [[Ferghana Valley|Ferghana]]
| predecessor = [[Abu Sa'id Mirza]]
| successor = [[Babur]]
| reign =1469–1494
| birth_date =1456
| birth_place =[[Samarkand]], [[Uzbekistan]]
| death_date ={{date of death and age|1494|6|10|1456|df=y}}
| death_place =[[Ferghana]], [[Uzbekistan]]
| spouse =[[Qutlugh Nigar Khanum]] (m.1475) Ulus Agha Fatma Sultan Agha Makhdum Sultan Begum Umid Aghacha Yun Sultan Aghacha Agha Sultan Aghacha
| issue =[[Khanzada Begum]] [[Babur]] [[Jahangir Mirza II|Jahangir Mirza]] [[Nasir Mirza]] Mihr Banu Begum Shahr Banu Begum Yadgar Sultan Begum Rukaiya Sultan Begum
| full name=
| house =[[Timurid dynasty|House of Timur]]
| father =[[Abu Sa'id Mirza]]
| mother = Shah Sultan Begum
| religion =[[Islam]]
| place of burial=
| date of burial =
| signature=
}}
'''Umar Shaikh Mirza II''' (1456–1494 C.E.) was the ruler of the [[Fergana Valley]]. He was the fourth son of [[Abu Sa'id Mirza]], the Emperor of the [[Timurid Empire]] in what is now [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Afghanistan]] and eastern [[Iran]].

His first wife and chief consort was [[Qutlugh Nigar Khanum]], a princess of the [[Chagatai Khanate]] and daughter of [[Yunus Khan]] of [[Moghulistan]]. Umar Shaikh had two other wives and had three sons and five daughters from his wives. His eldest son was [[Babur|Babur Mirza]] from his wife Qutlugh Nigar Khanum. His sons from this other two wives were [[Jahangir Mirza II]] and [[Nasir Mirza]]. His eldest son Babur Mirza founded the [[Mughal Empire]] in 1526 and was the first [[Mughal Emperors|Mughal Emperor of India]].

Umar Shaikh died in a freak accident in Aksi fort, North Fergana, on 10 June 1494. It occurred when he was in his [[dovecote]], which was built at the edge of the building, collapsed, thus making eleven-year-old Babur the ruler of Fergana.<ref name="Eraly2007">{{cite book|author=Abraham Eraly|author-link=Abraham Eraly|title=Emperors Of The Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Moghuls|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h7kPQs8llvkC&pg=PT18|date=17 September 2007|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-5118-093-7|page=18}}</ref>

His son Babur describes him as a devout Muslim who never neglected the 5 daily prayers.<ref>{{Cite book|last=F. Dale|first=Stephen|title=THE GARDEN OF THE EIGHT PARADISES: Babur and the Culture of Empire in Central Asia, Afghanistan and India (1483-1530)|publisher=Brill|year=2004|pages=174}}</ref>

==Family==
===His mother===
Umar Shaikh's mother was not explicitly named in any historical sources, including the ''[[Baburnama]]'', his son [[Babur]]'s autobiography. This was somewhat unusual, as Babur provided the maternal ancestry for many of his prominent relatives. However,
Babur did refer multiple times to a certain Shah Sultan Begum (d. 1501) in a way that suggested she was Umar Shaikh's mother.<ref>{{cite book|author=Babur|author-link=Babur|translator=Annette Beveridge|translator-link=Annette Beveridge|title=The Babur-nama In English (Memoirs of Babur)|url=https://archive.org/details/baburnamainengli01babuuoft/page/13/mode/1up|volume=I|year=1922|publisher=Luzac & Co.|location=London|page=13}}</ref> This identification is one that is used by historians.<ref>B. S. Chandrababu, L. Thilagavathi, ''Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation'' (2009), p. 201</ref>

Shah Sultan Begum's own background was never stated. However, Khwand Amir, the [[vizier]] of Babur's uncle [[Sultan Mahmud Mirza|Sultan Mahmud]], referred to Umar Shaikh as "the own younger brother" of
Mahmud and [[Sultan Ahmed Mirza|Sultan Ahmed]]. If this wording were interpreted to say that they were full brothers, this would mean that Shah Sultan Begum was mother to all three rulers, and thus the daughter of Aurdu-Bugha Tarkhan [[Arghun dynasty|Arghun]], who is known to have been Ahmad and Mahmud's maternal grandfather.<ref>{{harvtxt|Babur|1922|pp=13, 33}}</ref>

===Consorts===
He had a total of seven consorts:
*[[Qutlugh Nigar Khanum]] (m.1475), daughter of [[Yunus Khan]] of [[Moghulistan]] and [[Aisan Daulat Begum]];
*Ulus Agha (div.), daughter of Khwaja Hussein Beg;
*Fatima Sultan Agha, daughter of one of the begs of Mogul Tumans;
*Makhdum Sultan Begum, known as Karaguz Begum;
*Umid Aghacha, a concubine who died before Mirza;
*Yun Sultan Aghacha, a Moghul concubine;
*Agha Sultan Aghacha, another concubine;

===Children===
;Sons
He had three sons:
*[[Babur]] - with Qutlugh Nigar Khanum;
*Jahangir Mirza (1485 - 1508) - with Fatima Sultan Agha;
*Nasir Mirza (1487 - 1515) - with Umid Aghacha;
;Daughters
He had six daughters:
*A stillborn daughter - with Ulus Agha;
*[[Khanzada Begum]] (1478 - 1545) - with Qutlugh Nigar Khanum;
*Mihr Banu Begum (born 1481) - with Umid Aghacha;
*Shahr Banu Begum (1491 - 1542) - with Umid Aghacha, married to Junaid Barlas;
*Yadgar Sultan Begum (born 1494) - with Agha Sultan Aghacha, married to Abdul Latif Sultan, son of Hamza Sultan;
*Rukaiya Sultan Begum (1494 - 1528) - with Makhdum Sultan Begum, married to Jani Beg Sultan;

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite web |quote=On the occasion of the birth of Babar Padishah (the son of Omar Shaikh) |url=http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/rash1.html |title=Mirza Muhammad Haidar |publisher=University of Washington |work=Silk Road Seattle |access-date=2006-11-07 }}

[[Category:People from Samarkand]]
[[Category:Timurid monarchs]]
[[Category:1469 births]]
[[Category:1494 deaths]]

Umar Shaikh Mirza II - Revision history

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