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{{Short description|Poet and minister in Bengal (c.1150–1240)}}

{{Multiple issues|
{{original research|date=April 2023}}
{{Religious text primary|date=April 2023}}
{{notability|1=Biographies|date=April 2023}}

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{{Infobox Hindu leader
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Umapati Dhara
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = উমাপতি ধর
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| title =
| other_names = 
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{circa}} {{birth-date| 1120 }}
| birth_place =[[Sonargaon ]](সুবর্ণগ্রাম), [[Narayanganj District ]], [[Sena dynasty ]], present-day [[Bangladesh]],
| death_date = {{circa}} {{death date and age| 1220| 1120}}
| death_place = [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]]
| resting_place =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| spouse =
| children =
| mother =
| father =
| denomination = [[Vaishnavism]]
| lineage =
| sect =
| subsect =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| relatives = [[Uddharan Dutta Thakura]] , Haladhar Sen, Gouri Sen
| founder =
| guru =
| location =
| honors = Pancharatna, Pancharatna appeared in the court of King Lakshmanasena of Navadwipa in Bengal - [[Jayadeva]] , Umapatidhara, [[Dhoyin]], [[Sharan (poet)|Sharan]] and Govardhan Acharya are one jewel form of that Pancharatna .
}}

'''Umapati Dhara''' (উমাপতি ধর, c. 1150–1240) was the chief minister in the court of [[Lakshmana Sena]] (ruler from the Sena dynasty of the Bengal region on the Indian subcontinent).
and one of the court poets of [[Lakshmana Sena]].<ref>{{Cite book|title= Rachana Sangraha |last= Akshay Kumar Maitra|publisher=Parul Prakashan |year= 2012|isbn= 9789382300182 |location=Kolkata }}</ref> Several Prashasti like the [[Deopara Prashasti]] , a stone inscription eulogizing the Sena kings of Bengal was written by him. He is one of the Pancharatna in the court of [[Lakshmana Sena]].<ref>{{Cite book|title= Prachin Bharater Itihas (Part II) History Of Ancient India |last= Sunil Chattopadhyay |publisher= West Bengal State Book Board |year=
2018 |isbn= 978-81-247-0648-0|location=Kolkata|pages= 540 }}</ref> Jayadeva was the middle jewel of this Pancharatna.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dasa|first=Banamali|title=Banamali Padyabali|publisher=Arunodaya Pustakalaya|year=1934|editor-last=Dasa Goswami|editor-first=Babaji Baishnaba Charana|location=[[Cuttack]]|language=or}}</ref> The identity of these four Kavibandhus of Jayadeva might have been lost forever if the poet Jayadeva had not mentioned their names and poetic qualities in '[[Gita Govinda]]'<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2008/May2008/engpdf/New_Light41-60.pdf}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.511519/page/n51/mode/2up| title= Uddharana Datta Thakura|website= archive.org | year= 1904}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite book|title=উদ্ধারণ দত্ত ঠাকুর [সংস্করণ-২] |last=দীননাথ ধর |publisher= Hare Press|year= 1904 |location=Kolkata|pages=94}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2011/may/engpdf/18-20.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://ia801601.us.archive.org/21/items/uddharana_datta_kathamrita/uddharana_datta_kathamrita.pdf|title= Uddharana Datta Kathamrita|website=ia801601.us.archive.org}}</ref>
<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite book|title=Jayadeva Makers of Indian Literature |last=Suniti Kumar Chatterji |publisher=Sahitya Akademi Delhi|year=2017 |language= |isbn= 978-81-260-0182-8|location=Kolkata|pages= 65}}</ref>.However, earlier Lakshmanasena's court poet, Batudas's son Sridhardas, has compiled Saduktikarnamrita by including many verses of these four poets, he saved their poetry from oblivion. According to Jayadeva, Umapatidhar's characteristic of writing was to enrich the words and sentences.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Nadiyar Bitihas Part 1|first= Kamal |last=Choudhury|publisher= Dey's Publishing |year= 2017 |isbn=9788129513809|location=Kolkata}}</ref> His famous works were the Deoparaprashasti and the Madhainagar copper plates<ref name=Banglapedia>{{citation |first=Aksadul |last=Alam |chapter=Deopara Prashasti |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Deopara_Prashasti |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam |editor2=Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |edition=Second}}</ref> He also wrote a book Chandrachudacharita, in Sanskrit, which has not been found.<ref>{{cite book |author=Siegfried Lienhard |title=A History of Classical Poetry: Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit |series=A History of Indian Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0aYeR67booC |year=1984 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-02425-9 |page=18 }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Umapati Dhara was born into a rich Jamindar family from the Kayastha caste. He was one of the five gems of Sanskrit scholars, which was mentioned at the court of Lakshmana Sena.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Niharranjan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEBuAAAAMAAJ |title=History of the Bengali People: Ancient Period |date=1994 |publisher=Orient Longman |isbn=978-0-86311-378-9 |pages=223 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Chopra|first=Pran Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HAtuAAAAMAAJ|title=Religions and Communities of India|publisher=East-West Publications|year=1982|isbn=9780856920813|page=79|quote=The Baidyas retained among their group not only rajas and maharajas and powerful zamindars (landlords) but also scholars of great distinction such as the five gems at the court of Lakshman Sena, two of whom were Jayadeva, the famous composer of the Gita Govinda and Dhoyee Kaviraj.}}</ref> His father Kanjilal Dhar lived in Sonergram, whose sister Bhagabati Devi was married to Bhabesh Dutta relative of Gouri Sen a reputed gold merchant in the era of [[Ballāla Sena]].<ref name=Banglapedia/><ref>{{citation |title=The Origin of the Bengali Script |author=Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay |year=1919 |publisher=University of Calcutta}} [[c:The Origin of Bengali Script by Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay.pdf|available in Wikimedia Commons]]</ref>From old traditional folk songs of Malda region it is said that with Halayudh and many other minister of Lakhman Sena he too converted to Islam after Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji conquer Gouda but after the conversion his Islamic name is still unknown . From a verse in Saduktikarnamrita named after Umapatidhara’a writing proves the histoty
'Sadhu Mlechcha Narendra Sadhu Sadhu. Bhavato Mataiva Veeraprasurnichenapi
Bhavadvidhen Vasudha Sukshatriya varta.'
That is, - O Mlechchraj! The saint is the saint. Your mother is truly a valiant mother. Though low (community), the world is still blessed for a hero like you.
It can be inferred from the above sources that around 1202-1203 AD, the Turkish invasion of Bengal under the leadership of Iftiyaruddin-bin-Bakhtiyar Khalji took place and as a result Navadwip and its surrounding areas came under foreign Muslim rule. Many Hindu Brahmin scholars fled to safer places to save their religion and lives. In order to protect their religion from the youth or to escape from the touch of shadow, Lakshmana Sen's family moved to Suvarnagram in present-day Bangladesh. Naturally, the Brahmins and nobles were also eager to save the touch of the Muslim ruler. Kavi Jayadeva reached Puridham with his wife Padmavati, and those who remained in their homeland had no choice but to accept the Muslim lunar rule. It is assumed that aged Umapatidhar was among the latter. He send his family to a safer place and himself accept the Muslim rule to ease the escalating crisis.<ref>{{Cite book|title= SADUKTI-KARNAMRTA |last= SRIDHARADASA |publisher= FIRMA K. L. MUKHOPADHYAY, CALCUTTA |year= 1965|location=Kolkata }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Deopara Prashasti]]
*[[Lakshmana Sena]]
*[[Gita Govinda]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* G.A. Grierson, 'Parijataharana Nataka' ;
* Journal of Bihar Orissa Research Society, 1917;
* Chintaharan Chakrabarti, ed., Pavanaduta of Dhoyi, Calcutta, 1926;
* Nanigopal Majumdar, Inscriptions of Bengal, Vol. III, Rajshahi, 1929.
* M. Winternitz, A History of Indian Literature, Vol. III, part I, Delhi, 1963
* ভারতকোষ, প্রথম খণ্ড, বঙ্গীয় সাহিত্য পরিষৎ, কলিকাতা, পাতা-৬৪৮।
* বাংলা সাহিত্যের ইতিবৃত্ত, প্রথম খণ্ড , ডঃ অসিতকুমার বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় , পাতা- ৭৮-৮১।
* A.M. Chowdhury, Dyanastic History of Bengal, Dhaka, 1967
* R.C. Majumdar, History Of Ancient Bengal, Calcutta, 1971
* সুভাষিতাবলী

==External links==

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhar, Umapati}}

[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Sanskrit poets]]
[[Category:1150 births]]
[[Category:1240 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali philosophers]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:13th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:Indian Vaishnavites]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:People from Narayanganj District]]
[[Category:Scholars from West Bengal]]

Umapati Dhara - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article