>GhostInTheMachine: Changing short description from "18th century Freedom fighter" to "Indian revolutionary (1791–1832)" (Shortdesc helper)

2022-01-17T19:33:50Z

Changing short description from "18th century Freedom fighter" to "Indian revolutionary (1791–1832)" (Shortdesc helper)

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{{Short description|Indian revolutionary (1791–1832)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Umaji Naik
| birth_date = 7 September 1791
| birth_place = Bhiwadi, [[Purandar taluka]], [[Pune district]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1832|2|3|1791|9|7}}
| death_place = [[Pune]], [[India]]
| death_cause = Hanging
| nationality = [[India]]n
| other_names =
| known_for = [[Indian independence movement]]
| parents =
}}

'''Umaji Naik''' (7 September 1791 – 3 February 1832) was an Indian [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|revolutionary]] who challenged the [[British Raj|British rule]] in India around 1826 to 1832 .He fought against [[East India Company|East India company]] and [[Company rule in India|company rule]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Draxe |first1=Prabhakar B. |title=A failed revolt against the Raj: The rebellion of the Berad, a Criminal Tribe, under the leadership of Umaji Naik |journal=Social Change |date=1 June 2005 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=127–130 |doi=10.1177/004908570503500209 |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.897.21&rep=rep1&type=pdf |access-date=31 July 2021 |language=en |issn=0049-0857}}</ref><ref name="Hebbar IE"/>

Soon after the fall of [[Maratha Empire]], Naik raised a tiny army against the British. His anti-British manifesto asked the country-men to fight against the foreign rulers. To capture him, the British Government announced a bounty of 10,000 rupees. Betrayed by another Ramoshi named ''Nana Raghu Chavan'' British arrested him, inquired then hold him guilty and hanged till death on 3 Feb 1834 in Pune.<ref>"mulnivasi nayak dailly on 6 June 2016"Diamond Maharashtra Sankritikosh ({{lang-mr|डायमंड महाराष्ट्र संस्कृतीकोश}}), Durga Dixit, Pune, India, Diamond Publications, 2009, {{ISBN|978-81-8483-080-4}}.</ref>{{clarify|date=August 2016}}{{unreliable source?|date=July 2021}}

== Early life ==
Naik was born on 7 September 1791 in the [[Ramoshi]] tribe.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yershov |first1=Danila |title=Ramoshi stir ends in success, with govt. assurance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/ramoshi-stir-ends-in-success-with-govt-assurance/article19453269.ece |access-date=31 July 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=9 August 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Umaji's brother's name was Krishnaji Naik<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guha|first=Sumit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHa7DwAAQBAJ&q=Umaji+Ramoshi+capture&pg=PA95|title=History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000 |date=November 2019 |publisher=University of Washington|location=Washington DC, USA|page=96|isbn=9780295746234 }}</ref>

He belonged to the [[Ramoshi]] community, which migrated from Telangana and settled down in Maharashtra during the Maratha period but was later branded as a tribe of thieves during the rule.<ref name="Hebbar IE"/>

== Fight against British rule ==
Before the [[East India Company|East India company]] rule, Ramoshis use to work under Maratha rule. These Ramoshis used to work for surveillance of Maratha region and for security of Maratha forts in Maharashtra during the Maratha period. The Ramoshi(s) were entrusted with night patrolling and policing by the Marathas. Because of this work they had the right to take taxes from few specific villages. But after defeat of the Maratha kingdom by the British, this right got violated because of which Ramoshis started a struggle against the Britishers.<ref name="Hebbar IE">{{Cite news|last=Hebbar|first=Prajakta|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-forgotten-freedom-fighter/1098685/|title=Forgotten freedom fighter|date=7 April 2013|work=The Indian Express|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref>

Soon after the fall of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha empire]], Naik raised a tiny army against Britishers.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} In 1826, Naik declared himself a king. In 1831 he spread his command, with a proclamation to kill British infantry and cavalry and to loot their property. Naik lived in mountains of Satara, Kurud, Mand devi Kalbai's mountain, Khopoli Khandala and Borghat during his struggle against British Raj. He issued his stamp in which he wrote ''"Umajiraje Naik, Mukkam Dongar"'' ({{literally|King Umaji, lives in Mountains}}).

Naik attacked Jejuri's police headquarters and killed policemen there. Ramoshi people used to punish those who were loyal to the Britishers and British Raj. Naik would loot money of the British government and ''[[Sahukars]]''.

In 1828, the Britishers entered into a pact in which the Naik was given 120 [[Bigha]] land and promised to give government jobs to Ramoshi people. After this pact, Ramoshi stopped war against British for some time. But the peace did not last long and Naik again rose in revolt.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kathare|first=Anil|title=Adhunik Bharatacha Itihas |trans-title=History of Modern India |publisher=Prashant Publication|year=2015|isbn=9789385021503|editor-last=Kathare|editor-first=Anil|location=[[Jalgaon]]|pages=250–251|language=mr}}</ref>

== Arrest ==
To capture Naik, British East India company appointed Officer Makcintosh.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Dossal, Maloni |last2=Mariam, Ruby|title=State Intervention and Popular Response: Western India in the Nineteenth Century|publisher=Popular publication|year=1999|page=60}}</ref> Under command of Makcintosh big British police officers like captain Wide, Livingston, Lukan planned and launched operation to arrest Naik. In spite of that he did not get captured "Makcintosh bribed Naik's sister Jijai by giving her ownership of four villages and arrested Naik. According to "Gazetteer of Bombay presidency: Satara", in 1831, a Ramoshi named ''Nana Raghu Chavan'' received £1000 (India rupee 10,000) bounty reward from government for arrest of Naik'. This is recorded by a dismissed agent of pant sachiv to district magistrate Mr. Rose on 10 June 1857.<ref>{{Cite book|last=M. Campbell|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7YBAAAAYAAJ&q=Umaji+Ramoshi&pg=PA316|title=Gazetteer of Bombay presidency : Satara . chapter 7- history - The British 1848- 1884.|publisher=British Government of India.|year=1885|location=[[Bombay]] ,India|publication-place=[[Bombay]] ,india|pages=1}}</ref> He was arrested and held in prison in Pune.

In Pune Umaji Naik was hanged in this Tehsil office on February 3, 1832, by the British Government.<ref name="Hebbar IE"/>

==Popular culture==
A movie made in 1960 portrayed Naik's life.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0230917/ Marathi Movie on Umaji Naik]</ref> In 2012, Bollywood actor [[Nana Patekar]] was expected to headline a film based on Naik's life, but ultimately no movie was made.<ref>{{cite news |title=Marathi film to show Nana as revolutionary |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/marathi-film-to-show-nana-as-revolutionary/story-q4Tqt8cmawlJZdnS6WOMvL.html |access-date=31 July 2021 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=22 March 2012 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |last1=Draxe |first1=Prabhakar B. |title=A failed revolt against the Raj: The rebellion of the Berad, a Criminal Tribe, under the leadership of Umaji Naik |journal=Social Change |date=1 June 2005 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=127–130 |doi=10.1177/004908570503500209 |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.897.21&rep=rep1&type=pdf |access-date=31 July 2021 |language=en |issn=0049-0857}}
* [http://www.sahyadribooks.org/books/UmajiNaik.asp?bid=419 A book] on Umaji Naik in [[Marathi language|Marathi]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naik Khomane, Umaji}}
[[Category:1832 deaths]]
[[Category:1791 births]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Pune district]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]

Umaji Naik - Revision history

>GhostInTheMachine: Changing short description from "18th century Freedom fighter" to "Indian revolutionary (1791–1832)" (Shortdesc helper)