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{{Infobox royalty<br />
| image = Udayi - ASI.jpg<br />
| caption = Sculpture of Udayin<br />
| succession = Ruler of [[Magadha]]<br>3rd Haryanka Maharaja<br />
| reign = {{circa|460|444 BCE}}<br />
| predecessor = [[Ajatashatru]]<br />
| successor = Anuruddha<br />
| death_date = 444 BC<br />
| house-type = Dynasty<br />
| house = [[Haryanka dynasty|Haryanka]]<br />
| father = [[Ajatashatru]]<br />
| mother = [[Princess Vajira|Vajira]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Udayin''' (c. 460-444 BCE) also known as '''Udayabhadra''' was a king of [[Magadha]] in [[ancient India]]. According to the Buddhist and Jain accounts, he was the son and successor of the [[Haryanka dynasty|Haryanka]] king [[Ajatashatru]]. Udayin laid the foundation of the city of [[Pataliputra]] at the confluence of two rivers, the [[Son River|Son]] and the [[Ganges]]. He shifted his capital from [[Rajgir|Rajgriha]] to Patliputra due to the latter's central location in the empire.<br />
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== Ancestry ==<br />
According to the Buddhist accounts, the successors of the Magadha ruler [[Bimbisara]] were [[Ajatashatru]], Udayabhadda (Udayin), Anuruddha, Munda and [[Nagadasaka]].{{sfn|Liladhar B. Keny|1943|p=61}} The Jain tradition also mentions Udayin as the son and successor of Ajatashatru.<ref name="VKA_2010">{{cite book |editor=V. K. Agnihotri |title=Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&pg=SL1-PA168 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=978-81-8424-568-4 |year=2010 |page=A-168}}</ref> However, the [[Puranas]] name the successors of Bimbisara as Ajatashatru, Darshaka, Udayin, Nandivardhana and Mahanandin.{{sfn|Liladhar B. Keny|1943|p=61}}{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=273}} The ''[[Matsya Purana]]'' names Vamsaka as the successor of Ajatashatru.{{sfn|Liladhar B. Keny|1943|p=63}} Since the Puranas were composed at a later date, the Buddhist tradition seems to be more reliable.{{sfn|Liladhar B. Keny|1943|p=61}} The Nagadasaka of the Buddhist chronicles is identified with the "Darshaka" of the Puranas.{{sfn|Liladhar B. Keny|1943|p=62}}<br />
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Professor H. C. Seth (1941) identified Udayin with the king Udayana mentioned in the Sanskrit play ''[[Svapnavasavadatta]]''.{{sfn|Liladhar B. Keny|1943|p=63}} The Chinese traveler [[Xuanzang]] states that the last descendant of Bimbisara built a [[sangharama]] (monastery) at Tiladaka. Seth theorized that this last descendant was Darshaka, and Udayin established a new dynasty, as signified by his transfer of the empire's capital from [[Rajgir|Rajgriha]] to [[Pataliputra]].{{sfn|Liladhar B. Keny|1943|pp=61-64}} Liladhar B. Keny (1943) criticized Seth's theory as incorrect. According to him, the Udayana of ''Svapnavasavadatta'' was a different king, who ruled [[Vatsa]] kingdom with his capital at [[Kosambi|Kaushambi]].{{sfn|Liladhar B. Keny|1943|p=63}}<br />
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R. G. Bhandarkar notes that the name of Darshaka (Dasaka) is prefixed with the word "Naga" in the Buddhist chronicles, which may signify his detachment to his successors and his attachment to the [[Nagas of Padmavati]] . This implies that he may be from a different family and had become the king approximately three generations after [[Ajatashatru]], not immediately succeeding him.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001867818 | title= Lectures on the ancient history of India, on the period from 650 to 325 B. C. | publisher= University of Calcutta | author= Bhandarkar, Devadatta Ramkrishna | year= 1918 | pages= 71–72}}</ref><br />
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== Life and reign ==<br />
The Buddhist traditions state that Udayin was Ajatashatru's favourite son, and was alive during the reign of his grandfather [[Bimbisara]]. When Ajatashatru met [[Gautama Buddha]], Udayin was a young prince.{{sfn|Liladhar B. Keny|1943|p=62}} Udayin ruled during c. 460-444 BC.<ref>{{cite book |author=R.S. Sharma |title=India's Ancient Past |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=giwpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT158 |year=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press India |isbn=978-0-19-908786-0 |page=158 }}</ref> he established his capital at [[Pataliputra]] at the confluence of the [[Son River|Son]] and the [[Ganges]] rivers.{{sfn|Natubhai Shah|2004|p=42}} His father had built a fort here to repulse a potential [[Pradyota dynasty|Pradyota]] invasion from [[Avanti (Ancient India)|Avanti]]. Udayin moved his capital to Pataliputra, probably because it was at the centre of his growing kingdom.<ref name="VKA_2010"/><br />
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He defeated Palaka of Avanti multiple times but was ultimately killed by him in 444 BC.{{sfn|Kailash Chand Jain|1972|p=102}} The Puranas mention Nandivardhana as the successor of Udayin. However, the Sri Lankan Buddhist chronicles state that he was succeeded by Anuruddha. These Buddhist chronicles also state that all the kings from Ajatashatru to Nagadasaka, including Udayin, [[parricide|killed their fathers]].<ref name="VKA_2010"/> Jain texts mention that Uadyin was killed by an assassin of rival kingdom.{{sfn|Natubhai Shah|2004|p=42}} Being childless, he was succeeded by [[Mahapadma Nanda|Nanda]] who was selected by his ministers.{{sfn|Natubhai Shah|2004|p=42}}<br />
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==References==<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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=== Sources ===<br />
* {{citation |last=Jain |first=Kailash Chand |authorlink=Kailash Chand Jain |title=Malwa Through the Ages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C |date=1972 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |edition=First |isbn=978-81-208-0805-8 |ref={{sfnref|Kailash Chand Jain|1972}} }}<br />
*{{cite journal |first=Liladhar B. |last=Keny |title=The supposed identification of Udayana of Kauśāmbi with Udayin of Magadha |journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |volume=24 |issue=1/2 |year=1943 |pages=60–66 |publisher= Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |jstor=41784405 }}<br />
* {{citation |last=Singh |first=Upinder |author-link=Upinder Singh |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Pearson PLC]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-81-317-1677-9 |ref={{sfnref|Upinder Singh|2016}} }}<br />
* {{citation |last=Shah |first=Natubhai |title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors |url={{Google books|qLNQKGcDIhsC|plainurl=yes}} |volume=I |date=2004 |origyear=First published in 1998 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-1938-2 |ref={{sfnref|Natubhai Shah|2004}} }}<br />
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{{s-bef|before=[[Ajatashatru]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Magadha|King of Magadha]]|years=c. 460–444 BC}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=Anuruddha}}<br />
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[[Category:Haryanka dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:5th-century BC Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Kings of Magadha]]</div>imported>MacaNoyomei