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उदन्त मार्तण्ड | image = Udant Martand.png | caption = | type = Weekly newspaper | format = | foundation = {{Start date and age|1826|5|30|df=y}} | owners = | pub..."

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{{Short description|First Indian Hindi language newspaper (1826)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox newspaper
| name = The Udant Martand <br/>उदन्त मार्तण्ड
| image = Udant Martand.png
| caption =
| type = Weekly [[newspaper]]
| format =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1826|5|30|df=y}}
| owners =
| publisher = Jugal Kishore Shukla
| editor =
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| ceased publication = {{End date and age|1827|12|4|df=y}}
| headquarters = 37 Amartalla Lane, Kolutolla, <br />near [[Burrabazar|Barabazar]] Market, Kolkata
| circulation = 500 (1st issue)
| political =
| sister newspapers =
| website = {{URL|theudantmartand.in}}
}}
'''''Udant Martand''''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bihar Assembly Speaker Vijay Kumar Sinha extends wishes to journalists on Hindi Journalism Day|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/may/30/bihar-assembly-speaker-vijay-kumar-sinha-extends-wishes-to-journalists-onhindi-journalism-day-2309313.html|access-date=2021-10-02|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|date=May 30, 2021 |title=Hindi Journalism Day 2021: All you need to know|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/hindi-journalism-day-2021-all-you-need-to-know-1808717-2021-05-30|access-date=2021-10-02|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref> (from Hindi, “The Rising Sun”) is the first [[Hindi language]] newspaper published in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=उदन्त मार्तण्ड: यूं शुरू हुआ हिंदी अखबार का सफर|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/photomazza/education-career/know-how-hindi-journalism-starts-with-publication-of-udant-martand/photoshow/64380678.cms|access-date=2021-10-02|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hindi journalism Day: 'उदंत मार्त्तंड' ने बंगभूमि कोलकाता को दिया था आधुनिक हिंदी की जन्मभूमि का दर्जा|url=https://www.jagran.com/west-bengal/kolkata-udant-martand-had-given-the-status-of-modern-hindi-birthplace-to-bangabhumi-kolkata-21691191.html|access-date=2021-10-02|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref> Started on 30 May 1826, from [[Calcutta]] (now [[Kolkata]]), the weekly newspaper was published every Tuesday by Pt. Jugal Kishore Shukla.<ref name="Naqvi2007">{{cite book|author=Hena Naqvi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aFH2KFhFOkC&pg=PA42|title=Journalism And Mass Communication|publisher=Upkar Prakashan|year=2007|isbn=978-81-7482-108-9|pages=42–}}</ref><ref name="Bhattacherje2009">{{cite book|author=S. B. Bhattacherjee|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&pg=SL1-PA119|year=2009|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-207-4074-7|pages=A119}}</ref> It was closed on 4 December 1827 due to financial crisis.

==History==
By the early 19th century, educational publications in Hindi had already started, thus journalism was only a matter time. By the 1820s, newspapers in several Indian languages were starting, including [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Urdu]]; however, printing in [[Devanagari script]] was still rare. Soon after Calcutta School Book started printing, ''[[Samachar Darpan]]'', a Bengali journal which started in 1819, had some portions in Hindi. However, Hindi reading audience base was still at a nascent stage. Thus few of the early attempts were successful, but they nevertheless were a start.<ref name="McGregor1974">{{cite book|author=Ronald Stuart McGregor|title=Hindi Literature of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l-ljczb-9QIC&pg=PA84|year=1974|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-01607-0|pages=83–84}}</ref>

Shukla was a lawyer originally from [[Kanpur]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], who had settled in Calcutta,<ref name="Vilanilam2005">{{cite book|author=J V Vilanilam|title=Mass Communication In India: A Sociological Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kvQtoquTT6kC&pg=PA54|year= 2005|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-3372-4|pages=54–}}</ref> and became Proceedings Reader at the [[Sadr Diwani Adalat]] (Civil and Revenue High Court), and later on a [[pleader]].<ref name=handa/><ref name=social/> On 16 February 1826, he along with Munnu Thakur of Banstala Gali, Calcutta, received a license to publish a newspaper in Hindi.<ref name=social>{{cite book|author=A.F. Salahuddin Ahmed|title=Social Ideas and Social Change in Bengal 1818-1835|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qckUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA94|year=1965|publisher=Brill Archive|pages=93–94|id=GGKEY:8YWY14NBR66}}</ref><ref name="Sankhdher1984">{{cite book|author=Brijendra Mohan Sankhdher|title=Press, politics, and public opinion in India: dynamics of modernization and social transformation: On the role of the press in India, 1780-1835|pages=132–133|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hjk_AQAAIAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications}}</ref>

The newspaper was started on 30 May 1826; with it for the first time a newspaper was published completely in Hindi, using Devanagari script. Udant Martand employed a mix of [[Khari Boli]] and [[Braj Bhasha]] dialects of Hindi.<ref name=handa>{{cite book|author=Rajendra Lal Handa|title=History of Hindi language and literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ultMAQAAIAAJ|page=330|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|year=1978}}</ref><ref name="Sankhdher1986">{{cite book|author=Brijendra Mohan Sankhdher|title=Pioneers of freedom and social change in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OMdAAAAMAAJ|year= 1986|page=94|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=9780836419054}}</ref> The first issue printed 500 copies,<ref name="McGregor1974"/> and the newspaper was published every Tuesday.<ref name=social/> The office of newspaper was at 37, Amartalla Lane, Kolutolla, near [[Burrabazar|Barabazar]] Market in Kolkata.<ref name="Roy2005">{{cite book|author=Samaren Roy|title=Calcutta: Society and Change 1690-1990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3PSt3edJapgC&pg=PA165|year=2005|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-595-34230-3|page=165}}</ref>

Owing to its distance from the [[Hindi Belt|Hindi-speaking areas]] of [[North India]], the newspaper had difficulty in finding subscribers.<ref name=social/> The publisher tried to get government subscription, and patronage in the form of postal fee exemption for eight newspapers to be posted to North India. However, it didn't receive the subscription and only one newspaper was allowed postal fee exemption, which meant that the paper could never be financially viable.<ref name=social/> Nevertheless, it briefly gained prominence for featuring the controversy that rose Bengali-language magazine, ''Samachar Chandrika'' and traders from interiors, who were based in Calcutta.<ref name="Vilanilam2005"/>

==Legacy==
Today, "Hindi Journalism Day" or ''Hindi Patrakarita Diwas'' is celebrated on 30 May each year, as it marked the "beginning to [[journalism]] in [[Hindi language]]".<ref>{{cite web | title = Hindi Journalism Day Celebrated In India to Mark 187 Years of Hindi Journalism |publisher=Jagran Josh| url = http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/hindi-journalism-day-celebrated-in-india-to-mark-187-years-of-hindi-journalism-1369983064-1 |date=31 May 2013| accessdate = 2014-01-20 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|author=Ram Ratan Bhatnagar|title=The Rise and Growth of Hindi Journalism, 1826-1945: Being an Attempt at a History of Hindi Journalism in Historical, Chronological and Evolutionary Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXQLAAAAMAAJ|page=27|year=1947|publisher=Kitab Mahal}}

== External links ==
*[http://theudantmartand.in Official website]

[[Category:Newspapers established in 1826]]
[[Category:Defunct Hindi-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Weekly newspapers published in India]]
[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in India]]
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1827]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Defunct weekly newspapers]]
[[Category:1826 establishments in British India]]

Udant Martand - Revision history

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