Tussar silk - Revision history

Aurovedacharitable: added article per standard format and updated info per standard format

2025-10-07T19:24:34Z

added article per standard format and updated info per standard format

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:54, 8 October 2025
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January ~~2013~~}}		{{Short description\|Coarse silk from wild Antheraea silkworms}}
	[[File:Tussore Sarees - Phulia 2016-11-12 1891.JPG\|thumb\|350px\|Tussore silk sarees from Phulia, India.]]		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2022}}
			[[File:Tussore Sarees - Phulia 2016-11-12 1891.JPG\|thumb\|350px\|Tussore silk sarees from Phulia, Nadia, India.]]

	'''Tussar silk''' (alternatively spelled as tussah, tushar, tassar,<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Pandey\|first1=Dr.S.N.\|title=West Bengal General Knowledge Digest\|date=1 September 2010\|publisher=Upkar Prakashan\|isbn=9788174822826\|pages=28\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0F6QKfiktQC~~\|access-date=26 January 2016~~\|language=en\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131094228/https://books.google.com/books?id=G0F6QKfiktQC\|archive-date=31 January 2016\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> tussore, tasar, tussur, or tusser~~, and also known as~~ (~~Sanskrit) ''~~kosa~~'' silk~~) is produced from larvae of ~~several species of silkworms belonging to the moth genus~~ ''[[Antheraea]]'', including ''[[Antheraea assamensis\|A. assamensis]]'', ''[[Antheraea paphia\|A. paphia]]'', ''[[Antheraea pernyi\|A. pernyi]]'', ''[[Antheraea roylei\|A. roylei]]'', and ''[[Antheraea yamamai\|A. yamamai]]''. These silkworms live in the wild ~~forests~~ in trees belonging to ''[[Terminalia (plant)\|Terminalia]]'' species and ''[[Shorea robusta]]'', as well as other food plants such as [[jamun]] and [[oak]] found in South Asia, eating the leaves of the trees on which they live.<ref name=copperwiki>{{cite web \| url = http://www.copperwiki.org/index.php?title=Tussar_Silk \| title = Tussar Silk \| access-date = 2012-05-07 \| publisher = Copper wiki \| url-status = live \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120311015436/http://www.copperwiki.org/index.php?title=Tussar_Silk \| archive-date = 11 March 2012 \| df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=brass>{{cite web \| url = http://www.brasstacksmadras.com/TF_Tussar.htm \| title = Learning Centre \| access-date = 2012-05-07 \| publisher = Brass Tacks, Madras \| url-status = dead \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120429090534/http://brasstacksmadras.com/TF_Tussar.htm \| archive-date = 29 April 2012 \| df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tussar silk is valued for its rich texture and natural, deep-gold colour, and varieties are produced in many countries, including China,<ref name=Jing>Su Jing, Lun Luo, ''Landlord and Labor in Late Imperial China: Case Studies from Shandong'', Harvard University Asia Center, 1978 {{ISBN\|0-674-50866-1}}</ref> [[India]], [[Japan]], and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>Eliza Thompson, ''Silk'', Read Books, 2010 {{ISBN\|1-4086-9508-1}}</ref>		'''Tussar silk'''{{efn\|alternatively spelled as tussah, tushar, tassar,<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Pandey\|first1=Dr.S.N.\|title=West Bengal General Knowledge Digest\|date=1 September 2010\|publisher=Upkar Prakashan\|isbn=9788174822826\|pages=28\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0F6QKfiktQC\|language=en\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131094228/https://books.google.com/books?id=G0F6QKfiktQC\|archive-date=31 January 2016\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> tussore, tasar, tussur, or tusser}} ({{langx\|sa\|kosa}}) is a type of [[wild silk]], produced from the larvae of [[Antheraea\|''Antheraea'' silkworms]], including ''[[Antheraea assamensis\|A. assamensis]]'', ''[[Antheraea paphia\|A. paphia]]'', ''[[Antheraea pernyi\|A. pernyi]]'', ''[[Antheraea roylei\|A. roylei]]'', and ''[[Antheraea yamamai\|A. yamamai]]''. These silkworms live in the wild in forest trees belonging to ''[[Terminalia (plant)\|Terminalia]]'' species and ''[[Shorea robusta]]'', as well as other food plants such as [[jamun]] and [[oak]] found in South Asia, eating the leaves of the trees on which they live.<ref name=copperwiki>{{cite web \| url = http://www.copperwiki.org/index.php?title=Tussar_Silk \| title = Tussar Silk \| access-date = 2012-05-07 \| publisher = Copper wiki \| url-status = live \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120311015436/http://www.copperwiki.org/index.php?title=Tussar_Silk \| archive-date = 11 March 2012 \| df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=brass>{{cite web \| url = http://www.brasstacksmadras.com/TF_Tussar.htm \| title = Learning Centre \| access-date = 2012-05-07 \| publisher = Brass Tacks, Madras \| url-status = dead \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120429090534/http://brasstacksmadras.com/TF_Tussar.htm \| archive-date = 29 April 2012 \| df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tussar silk is valued for its rich texture and natural, deep-gold colour, and varieties are produced in many countries, including China,<ref name=Jing>Su Jing, Lun Luo, ''Landlord and Labor in Late Imperial China: Case Studies from Shandong'', Harvard University Asia Center, 1978 {{ISBN\|0-674-50866-1}}</ref> [[India]], [[Japan]], and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>Eliza Thompson, ''Silk'', Read Books, 2010 {{ISBN\|1-4086-9508-1}}</ref>

	==Process==		==Process==
	To kill the silkworms, the cocoons are dried in the sun. A variation of the process exists in which the silkworms are allowed to leave before the cocoons are soaked in boiling water to soften the silk, and then the fibers are reeled.<ref name=copperwiki/><ref name=brass/> Single-shelled, oval-shaped cocoons are collected and then boiled to extract the silk yarn. Boiling is a very important part in the manufacturing of silk, as it softens the cocoon and makes the extraction of silk easier. In conventional [[sericulture]], the cocoons are boiled with the larvae still inside, but if the cocoons are boiled after the larvae have left them, the silk made is then called "nonviolent silk" or "[[Ahimsa silk]]". In China, the silks are given different names when silkworms are reared on different plants, as the diet of the silkworms has an effect on the quality of the silk. For example, silk from larvae on the wild [[mulberry]] is called ''zhe'', while those on the oak ''[[Quercus dentata]]'' produce ''hu''.<ref name=Jing/>		To kill the silkworms, the cocoons are dried in the sun. A variation of the process exists in which the silkworms are allowed to leave before the cocoons are soaked in boiling water to soften the silk, and then the fibers are reeled.<ref name=copperwiki/><ref name=brass/> Single-shelled, oval-shaped cocoons are collected and then boiled to extract the silk yarn. Boiling is a very important part in the manufacturing of silk, as it softens the cocoon and makes the extraction of silk easier. In conventional [[sericulture]], the cocoons are boiled with the larvae still inside, but if the cocoons are boiled after the larvae have left them, the silk made is then called "nonviolent silk" or "[[Ahimsa silk]]". In China, the silks are given different names when silkworms are reared on different plants, as the diet of the silkworms has an effect on the quality of the silk. For example, silk from larvae on the wild [[mulberry]] is called ''zhe'', while those on the oak ''[[Quercus dentata]]'' produce ''hu''.<ref name=Jing/>

	Tussar silk is considered more textured than cultivated ''[[Bombyx mori\|Bombyx]]'' or "mulberry" silk, but it has shorter fibres, which makes it less durable. It has a dull, gold sheen.<ref name=copperwiki/><ref name=brass/> As most of the cocoons are collected from the forest, it is considered by many as a forest product.		Tussar silk is considered more textured than cultivated ''[[Bombyx mori\|Bombyx]]'' or "mulberry" silk, but it has shorter fibres, which makes it less durable. It has a dull, gold sheen.<ref name=copperwiki/><ref name=brass/> As most of the cocoons are collected from the forest, it is considered by many as a forest product.{{Who\|date=October 2025}}

	==Production in India==		==Production in India==
	[[File:Tussore Sarees - Phulia 2016-11-12 1893.JPG\|thumb\|Tussar ''sarees'']]		[[File:Tussore Sarees - Phulia 2016-11-12 1893.JPG\|thumb\|Tussar ''sarees'']]

	India is the second-largest producer of tussar silk, and the exclusive producer of Indian tussar (also known as tropical tussar), which is largely tended to by [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes\|tribals]]. Much of it is produced in [[Bhagalpur]] (where it is called [[Bhagalpur Sari\|Bhagalpur silk]]), [[Bihar]], and [[Malda district]] of [[West Bengal]]. Tussar silk is also used for [[Odisha]]'s ''[[pattachitra]]'' and West Bengal's ''[[kantha]]'' stitches. [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] also produce tussar silk.<ref name=copperwiki/><ref name=brass/> In recent years, the state of [[Jharkhand]] has emerged as the biggest producer of tussar silk.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Silk Exhibition: देशके विभिन्न राज्यों की प्रसिद्ध सिल्क साड़ियों का किया गया है डिस्पले \|url=http://m.bhaskar.com/news/JHA-RAN-HMU-MAT-latest-ranchi-news-034502-836082-NOR.html \|publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] \|date=27 August 2016 \|access-date=22 November 2016 \|url-status=~~live~~ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529170321/https://m.bhaskar.com/news/JHA-RAN-HMU-MAT-latest-ranchi-news-034502-836082-NOR.html \|archive-date=29 May 2018 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>		India is the second-largest producer of tussar silk, and the exclusive producer of Indian tussar (also known as tropical tussar), which is largely tended to by [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes\|tribals]]. Much of it is produced in [[Bhagalpur]] (where it is called [[Bhagalpur Sari\|Bhagalpur silk]]), [[Bihar]], and [[Malda district]] of [[West Bengal]]. Tussar silk is also used for [[Odisha]]'s ''[[pattachitra]]'' and West Bengal's ''[[kantha]]'' stitches. [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] also produce tussar silk.<ref name=copperwiki/><ref name=brass/> In recent years, the state of [[Jharkhand]] has emerged as the biggest producer of tussar silk.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Silk Exhibition: देशके विभिन्न राज्यों की प्रसिद्ध सिल्क साड़ियों का किया गया है डिस्पले \|url=http://m.bhaskar.com/news/JHA-RAN-HMU-MAT-latest-ranchi-news-034502-836082-NOR.html \|publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] \|date=27 August 2016 \|access-date=22 November 2016 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529170321/https://m.bhaskar.com/news/JHA-RAN-HMU-MAT-latest-ranchi-news-034502-836082-NOR.html \|archive-date=29 May 2018 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>

	===Bhagalpur silk===		===Bhagalpur silk===
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	With the introduction of chemical dyes, the range of available colors has increased significantly.<ref name=copperwiki/> Some fashion designers use tussar silk in their creations. The precisely finished and designer garments produced from tussar silk are known globally and are exported worldwide.		With the introduction of chemical dyes, the range of available colors has increased significantly.<ref name=copperwiki/> Some fashion designers use tussar silk in their creations. The precisely finished and designer garments produced from tussar silk are known globally and are exported worldwide.

	Tussar silk is a popular additive to [[soap]]. The short silk fibers are typically dissolved in [[lye]] water, which is then added to oils to [[saponification\|make soap]]. Soap made with tussar silk has a "slippery" quality and is considered more luxurious-feeling than soap made without. Tussar silk roving can be bought at soapmaking supply stores. ~~<ref>{{cite news\| url~~ =~~https://www.brambleberry.com/shop-by-product/ingredients/additives-and-lye/tussah-silk-fiber/V000742.html\| title~~= ~~Brambleberry Store\| publisher~~ =~~Brambleberry\| access-date~~ =~~2019-12-27~~}}~~</ref>~~		Tussar silk is a popular additive to [[soap]]. The short silk fibers are typically dissolved in [[lye]] water, which is then added to oils to [[saponification\|make soap]]. Soap made with tussar silk has a "slippery" quality and is considered more luxurious-feeling than soap made without. Tussar silk roving can be bought at soapmaking supply stores.

			== Notes ==
			{{notelist}}

	==References==		==References==

imported>KylieTastic: Reverted 3 edits by 2405:204:148E:BC96:8D87:8C4D:B0BE:A6E9 (talk) to last revision by Lancepark

2021-08-29T13:56:50Z

Reverted 3 edits by 2405:204:148E:BC96:8D87:8C4D:B0BE:A6E9 (talk) to last revision by Lancepark

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2013}}
[[File:Tussore Sarees - Phulia 2016-11-12 1891.JPG|thumb|350px|Tussore silk sarees from Phulia, India.]]

'''Tussar silk''' (alternatively spelled as tussah, tushar, tassar,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pandey|first1=Dr.S.N.|title=West Bengal General Knowledge Digest|date=1 September 2010|publisher=Upkar Prakashan|isbn=9788174822826|pages=28|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0F6QKfiktQC|access-date=26 January 2016|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131094228/https://books.google.com/books?id=G0F6QKfiktQC|archive-date=31 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> tussore, tasar, tussur, or tusser, and also known as (Sanskrit) ''kosa'' silk) is produced from larvae of several species of silkworms belonging to the moth genus ''[[Antheraea]]'', including ''[[Antheraea assamensis|A. assamensis]]'', ''[[Antheraea paphia|A. paphia]]'', ''[[Antheraea pernyi|A. pernyi]]'', ''[[Antheraea roylei|A. roylei]]'', and ''[[Antheraea yamamai|A. yamamai]]''. These silkworms live in the wild forests in trees belonging to ''[[Terminalia (plant)|Terminalia]]'' species and ''[[Shorea robusta]]'', as well as other food plants such as [[jamun]] and [[oak]] found in South Asia, eating the leaves of the trees on which they live.<ref name=copperwiki>{{cite web | url = http://www.copperwiki.org/index.php?title=Tussar_Silk | title = Tussar Silk | access-date = 2012-05-07 | publisher = Copper wiki | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120311015436/http://www.copperwiki.org/index.php?title=Tussar_Silk | archive-date = 11 March 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=brass>{{cite web | url = http://www.brasstacksmadras.com/TF_Tussar.htm | title = Learning Centre | access-date = 2012-05-07 | publisher = Brass Tacks, Madras | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120429090534/http://brasstacksmadras.com/TF_Tussar.htm | archive-date = 29 April 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Tussar silk is valued for its rich texture and natural, deep-gold colour, and varieties are produced in many countries, including China,<ref name=Jing>Su Jing, Lun Luo, ''Landlord and Labor in Late Imperial China: Case Studies from Shandong'', Harvard University Asia Center, 1978 {{ISBN|0-674-50866-1}}</ref> [[India]], [[Japan]], and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>Eliza Thompson, ''Silk'', Read Books, 2010 {{ISBN|1-4086-9508-1}}</ref>

==Process==
To kill the silkworms, the cocoons are dried in the sun. A variation of the process exists in which the silkworms are allowed to leave before the cocoons are soaked in boiling water to soften the silk, and then the fibers are reeled.<ref name=copperwiki/><ref name=brass/> Single-shelled, oval-shaped cocoons are collected and then boiled to extract the silk yarn. Boiling is a very important part in the manufacturing of silk, as it softens the cocoon and makes the extraction of silk easier. In conventional [[sericulture]], the cocoons are boiled with the larvae still inside, but if the cocoons are boiled after the larvae have left them, the silk made is then called "nonviolent silk" or "[[Ahimsa silk]]". In China, the silks are given different names when silkworms are reared on different plants, as the diet of the silkworms has an effect on the quality of the silk. For example, silk from larvae on the wild [[mulberry]] is called ''zhe'', while those on the oak ''[[Quercus dentata]]'' produce ''hu''.<ref name=Jing/>

Tussar silk is considered more textured than cultivated ''[[Bombyx mori|Bombyx]]'' or "mulberry" silk, but it has shorter fibres, which makes it less durable. It has a dull, gold sheen.<ref name=copperwiki/><ref name=brass/> As most of the cocoons are collected from the forest, it is considered by many as a forest product.

==Production in India==
[[File:Tussore Sarees - Phulia 2016-11-12 1893.JPG|thumb|Tussar ''sarees'']]

India is the second-largest producer of tussar silk, and the exclusive producer of Indian tussar (also known as tropical tussar), which is largely tended to by [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|tribals]]. Much of it is produced in [[Bhagalpur]] (where it is called [[Bhagalpur Sari|Bhagalpur silk]]), [[Bihar]], and [[Malda district]] of [[West Bengal]]. Tussar silk is also used for [[Odisha]]'s ''[[pattachitra]]'' and West Bengal's ''[[kantha]]'' stitches. [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] also produce tussar silk.<ref name=copperwiki/><ref name=brass/> In recent years, the state of [[Jharkhand]] has emerged as the biggest producer of tussar silk.<ref>{{cite news |title=Silk Exhibition: देशके विभिन्न राज्यों की प्रसिद्ध सिल्क साड़ियों का किया गया है डिस्पले |url=http://m.bhaskar.com/news/JHA-RAN-HMU-MAT-latest-ranchi-news-034502-836082-NOR.html |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |date=27 August 2016 |access-date=22 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529170321/https://m.bhaskar.com/news/JHA-RAN-HMU-MAT-latest-ranchi-news-034502-836082-NOR.html |archive-date=29 May 2018 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Bhagalpur silk===
{{main|Bhagalpur sari}}

The tussar silk-weaving industry in [[Bhagalpur]], more than a century old, has about 30,000 handloom weavers working on some 25,000 handlooms. The total value of annual trade is around Rs 100 [[crore]]s, about half of which comes from exports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aseedinternational.com/silk.htm |title=Bhagalpur Silk Handloom Cluster |publisher=Asian Society for Entrepreneurship Education & Development |access-date=2012-05-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423231024/http://www.aseedinternational.com/silk.htm |archive-date =23 April 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Uses==
The [[sari|''saree'']] is the most important tussar silk product<ref>{{cite news| url =http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/02/stories/2009080257470200.htm| title =Alluring designs in silk| access-date =2012-05-07| location =Chennai, India| date =2009-08-02| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121107104359/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/02/stories/2009080257470200.htm| archive-date =7 November 2012| work =[[The Hindu]]| df =dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url =http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/article32428.ece| title =It's worth to be at Weaves| publisher =The Hindu, 11 October 2009| access-date =2012-05-07| location =Chennai, India| date =2009-10-11| url-status =live| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120829024319/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/article32428.ece| archive-date =29 August 2012| df =dmy-all}}</ref> although it is also used as the base material for handicrafts, furnishing fabrics, and stitched apparel.<ref name=copperwiki/>

With the introduction of chemical dyes, the range of available colors has increased significantly.<ref name=copperwiki/> Some fashion designers use tussar silk in their creations. The precisely finished and designer garments produced from tussar silk are known globally and are exported worldwide.

Tussar silk is a popular additive to [[soap]]. The short silk fibers are typically dissolved in [[lye]] water, which is then added to oils to [[saponification|make soap]]. Soap made with tussar silk has a "slippery" quality and is considered more luxurious-feeling than soap made without. Tussar silk roving can be bought at soapmaking supply stores. <ref>{{cite news| url =https://www.brambleberry.com/shop-by-product/ingredients/additives-and-lye/tussah-silk-fiber/V000742.html| title= Brambleberry Store| publisher =Brambleberry| access-date =2019-12-27}}</ref>

==References==
{{Commons category|Tussar silk}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Silk fibre}}
{{Saree}}

[[Category:Silk]]
[[Category:Silk production]]
[[Category:Silk in India]]
[[Category:Indian clothing]]
[[Category:Woven fabrics]]
[[Category:Antheraea]]