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	The '''Turvashas''' ({{lang-sa\|तुर्वश}}, {{IAST\|Turvaśa}}) were one of the five major peoples<ref>{{Cite book\|~~last~~=Jamison\|~~first~~=Stephanie\|title=The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India\|last2=Brereton\|first2=Joel\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|year=2014\|isbn=9780199370184\|pages=54}}</ref> (''panchajana'', ''panchakrishtya'' or ''panchamanusha'') mentioned in the [[Rig Veda\|Rigveda]]. <ref name=singh>{{cite book\|last=Singh\|first=Upinder\|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC~~&pg=PA187~~&dq=Panchajana+Rigveda&hl=~~en&ei=qO3UTLLdCI26ugPm04WpCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false~~\|year=2008\|publisher=Pearson Education\|location=Delhi\|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0\|page=187}}</ref> The Turvashas had a tribal union with the [[Yadu]] tribe, and were frequently described together.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Witzel\|first=Michael\|date=2001\|title=Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts.\|url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/EJVS-7-3.pdf\|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies\|volume=7\|pages=7}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{harvnb\|Erdosy\|Witzel\|1995\|p=204}}</ref> The Turvashas were a partly Indo-Aryan-acculturated Indus tribe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last=Witzel\|first=Michael\|date=1999\|title=Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic).\|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.411.6137&rep=rep1&type=pdf\|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies\|volume=5\|pages=3, 33}}</ref> By the time of the arrival of the [[Puru (Vedic tribe)\|Puru]] and [[Bharatas (tribe)\|Bharata]] tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in [[Punjab]].{{sfn\|Erdosy\|Witzel\|1995\|p=236}} By the time of the [[Shatapatha Brahmana]] (7th-6th centuries BCE),<ref>[http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/Erdosy1995.pdf "Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parametres."] in The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, edited by G. Erdosy (1995), p. 136</ref><ref name="Bremmer2007">{{cite book\|author=Jan N. Bremmer\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tPjVJF8roYC&pg=PA158\|title=The Strange World of Human Sacrifice\|publisher=Peeters Publishers\|year=2007\|isbn=978-90-429-1843-6\|pages=158–\|access-date=15 December 2012}}</ref> the Turvashas are linked to the [[Panchala\|Panchalas]]. {{sfn\|Erdosy\|Witzel\|1995\|p=236}}		The '''Turvashas''' ({{lang-sa\|तुर्वश}}, {{IAST\|Turvaśa}}) were one of the five major peoples<ref>{{Cite book\|last1=Jamison\|first1=Stephanie\|title=The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India\|last2=Brereton\|first2=Joel\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|year=2014\|isbn=9780199370184\|pages=54}}</ref> (''panchajana'', ''panchakrishtya'' or ''panchamanusha'') mentioned in the [[Rig Veda\|Rigveda]]. <ref name=singh>{{cite book\|last=Singh\|first=Upinder\|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC&dq=Panchajana+Rigveda&pg=PA187\|year=2008\|publisher=Pearson Education\|location=Delhi\|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0\|page=187}}</ref> The Turvashas had a tribal union with the [[Yadu]] tribe, and were frequently described together.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Witzel\|first=Michael\|date=2001\|title=Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts.\|url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/EJVS-7-3.pdf\|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies\|volume=7\|pages=7}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{harvnb\|Erdosy\|Witzel\|1995\|p=204}}</ref> The Turvashas were a partly Indo-Aryan-acculturated Indus tribe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last=Witzel\|first=Michael\|date=1999\|title=Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic).\|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.411.6137&rep=rep1&type=pdf\|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies\|volume=5\|pages=3, 33\|citeseerx=10.1.1.411.6137}}</ref> By the time of the arrival of the [[Puru (Vedic tribe)\|Puru]] and [[Bharatas (tribe)\|Bharata]] tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in [[Punjab]].{{sfn\|Erdosy\|Witzel\|1995\|p=236}} By the time of the [[Shatapatha Brahmana]] (7th-6th centuries BCE),<ref>[http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/Erdosy1995.pdf "Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parametres."] in The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, edited by G. Erdosy (1995), p. 136</ref><ref name="Bremmer2007">{{cite book\|author=Jan N. Bremmer\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tPjVJF8roYC&pg=PA158\|title=The Strange World of Human Sacrifice\|publisher=Peeters Publishers\|year=2007\|isbn=978-90-429-1843-6\|pages=158–\|access-date=15 December 2012}}</ref> the Turvashas are linked to the [[Panchala\|Panchalas]]. {{sfn\|Erdosy\|Witzel\|1995\|p=236}}
	[[File:Early_Vedic_Culture_(1700-1100_BCE).png\|thumb]]		[[File:Early_Vedic_Culture_(1700-1100_BCE).png\|thumb]]

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	===Sources cited===		===Sources cited===
	* {{Cite book\|~~last~~=Erdosy\|~~first~~=George\|title=Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Rgvedic history: poets, chieftains and politics\|last2=Witzel\|first2=Michael\|publisher=De Gruyter\|year=1995}}		* {{Cite book\|last1=Erdosy\|first1=George\|title=Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Rgvedic history: poets, chieftains and politics\|last2=Witzel\|first2=Michael\|publisher=De Gruyter\|year=1995}}

	[[Category:Rigvedic tribes]]		[[Category:Rigvedic tribes]]

	{{hinduism-stub}}		{{hinduism-stub}}

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The '''Turvashas''' ({{lang-sa|तुर्वश}}, {{IAST|Turvaśa}}) were one of the five major peoples<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jamison|first=Stephanie|title=The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India|last2=Brereton|first2=Joel|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780199370184|pages=54}}</ref> (''panchajana'', ''panchakrishtya'' or ''panchamanusha'') mentioned in the [[Rig Veda|Rigveda]]. <ref name=singh>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Upinder|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC&pg=PA187&dq=Panchajana+Rigveda&hl=en&ei=qO3UTLLdCI26ugPm04WpCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education|location=Delhi|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0|page=187}}</ref> The Turvashas had a tribal union with the [[Yadu]] tribe, and were frequently described together.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Witzel|first=Michael|date=2001|title=Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts.|url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/EJVS-7-3.pdf|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies|volume=7|pages=7}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{harvnb|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=204}}</ref> The Turvashas were a partly Indo-Aryan-acculturated Indus tribe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Witzel|first=Michael|date=1999|title=Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic).|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.411.6137&rep=rep1&type=pdf|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies|volume=5|pages=3, 33}}</ref> By the time of the arrival of the [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru]] and [[Bharatas (tribe)|Bharata]] tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in [[Punjab]].{{sfn|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=236}} By the time of the [[Shatapatha Brahmana]] (7th-6th centuries BCE),<ref>[http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/Erdosy1995.pdf "Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parametres."] in The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, edited by G. Erdosy (1995), p. 136</ref><ref name="Bremmer2007">{{cite book|author=Jan N. Bremmer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tPjVJF8roYC&pg=PA158|title=The Strange World of Human Sacrifice|publisher=Peeters Publishers|year=2007|isbn=978-90-429-1843-6|pages=158–|access-date=15 December 2012}}</ref> the Turvashas are linked to the [[Panchala|Panchalas]]. {{sfn|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=236}}
[[File:Early_Vedic_Culture_(1700-1100_BCE).png|thumb]]

== Etymology ==
The name {{IAST|Turvaśa}} is of [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] and [[Proto-Indo-Iranian language|Indo-Iranian]] origin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Witzel|first=Michael|date=1999|title=Aryan and non-Aryan Names in Vedic India. Data for the linguistic situation, c. 1900-500 B.C..|url=https://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/Lingsit.pdf|journal=Harvard Oriental Series Opera Minora|volume=3|pages=19|via=}}</ref>

== Rigveda ==
Alfred Ludvig first conjectured that Turvīti and Vayya could have been connected with the Turvasha tribe, a notion that is still considered only speculation according to [[Michael Witzel|Witzel]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Macdonell|first=Arthur Anthony|title=Vedic index of names and subjects|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=1995|isbn=81-208-1332-4|location=|pages=317|orig-year=1912}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{harvnb|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=234}}</ref>

In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god [[Indra]] is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers.{{Sfn|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=235}}{{Sfn|Jamison|Brereton|2014|p=605, 695}}

In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by [[Indra]].{{Sfn|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=222, 262}}{{Sfn|Jamison|Brereton|2014|p=829}}

The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8,{{Sfn|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=237}} and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas.{{Sfn|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=235}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Sources cited===
* {{Cite book|last=Erdosy|first=George|title=Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Rgvedic history: poets, chieftains and politics|last2=Witzel|first2=Michael|publisher=De Gruyter|year=1995}}

[[Category:Rigvedic tribes]]

{{hinduism-stub}}

Turvashas - Revision history

->Citation bot: Alter: url. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: citeseerx, authors 1-1. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | #UCB_webform 1061/2103

>WikiCleanerBot: v2.04b - Bot T5 CW#90 - Fix errors for CW project (Internal link written as an external link)