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{{Short description|An ancient tribe that once inhabited southern Sumatra}}
{{Ethnic group
|group = Tumi
|native_name = ''Jeghema Tumi''
|image =
|caption =
|poptime =
|regions = [[Lampung]] (historical)
|langs = [[Tumi (ancient language)|Tumi]] {{small|(possibility)}} [[Sanskrit]]
|rels = [[Animism]], [[dynamism]] {{small|(up to 3rd century)}} [[Hindu]] style {{small|(3rd to 12th century)}} [[Islam]] {{small|(after 13th century)}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perdiansyah |first=Asep |date=2022-10-30 |title=Mengenal Asal Usul Ulun Lampung |language=id |trans-title=Know the Origin of Ulun Lampung |work=VIVA.co.id |url=https://lampung.viva.co.id/budaya/45-mengenal-asal-usul-ulun-lampung |access-date=2023-08-07}}</ref>
|related = [[Tamil people|Tamil]] {{small|(believed to be the origin of the Tumi people)}} [[Lampung people|Lampung]] {{small|(believed to be descendants of the Tumi people)}} Kenyangan and Nekhima {{small|(two other tribes that inhabit Mount Pesagi)}}
|population =
}}
'''Tumi''' ([[Lampung language|Lampung]]: ''Jeghema Tumi'') is ancient tribe who are believed to be the ancestors of today's [[Lampung people]]. The Tumi people probably came from [[South India]] who came to [[Nusantara]] several millennia [[Anno Domini|BC]]. The Tumi tribe used to live in the area around the slopes of [[Mount Pesagi]] and [[Lake Ranau]] in [[West Lampung Regency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://identikpos.com/sejarah-tentang-suku-tumi-dan-kerajaan-sekala-brak/ |title=Sejarah Tentang Suku Tumi dan Kerajaan Sekala Brak |publisher=IdentikPos.com |date= |accessdate=2023-08-07}}</ref>

==Etymology==
According to Ahmad Safei, Saibatin Paksian Buay Belunguh, the name "Tumi" comes from the word ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' which is a [[ethnic group]] who inhabits southern India and it is believed that the Tumi people are part of the Tamil people who inhabited the former [[Lampung]] area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.medinaslampungnews.co.id/kerajaan-paksi-pak-sekala-brak/|title=Kerajaan Paksi Pak Sekala Brak|website=www.medinaslampungnews.co.id|language=id|access-date=2023-08-07}}</ref>

==History ==
From the results of deliberations conducted by the descendants of [[Kepaksian Sekala Brak]] in 2001, recognized La Laula as the kingdom's first king since the early 3rd century AD. La Laula is not native, he and his followers arrived in Sekala Brak from the mainland [[Indochina]] (between present-day [[Vietnam]] and [[Cambodia]]) in the early 3rd century AD by [[canoe]]. Even so, the Sekala Brak Deed confirms the existence of the Tumi tribe that existed before the arrival of La Laula who founded the Sekala Brak.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rais |first=Yus Sutan |date=2018-08-14 |title=4 Umpu Sekala Brak Lampung ‘Anak Raja Pagaruyung Minangkabau’ |language=id |work=Metropolis |url=https://metropolis.co.id/2018/08/14/4-umpu-sekala-brak-lampung-anak-raja-pagaruyung-minangkabau/ |access-date=2023-08-07}}</ref>

La Laula arrived in a land filled with sekala trees where, there lived an [[ethnic|community entity]] known as the Tumi people. The Tumi tribe felt pressured by the presence of La Laula, who gradually succeeded in attracting followers from the local community. After going through a long battle, La Laula and his followers succeeded in conquering the Tumi tribe and proclaiming themselves as the first King of Kepaksian Sekala Brak. According to Prof. Dr. Sujarwo, it was explained that there are two tribes who live on the top of Mount Pesagi who have a different attitude from the Tumi tribe, these two tribes are groups that open themselves to the influx of Islamic teachings, namely the Kenyangan and Nekhima tribes.<ref name='Tim Advis'/>

==Culture==
[[Lampung culture]] cannot be separated from two things, namely the existence of the Tumi tribe on Mount Pesagi and the arrival of Islamic propagators under the orders of Ratu Ngelang Paksi and her four sons, namely Umpu Belunguh, Umpu Bejalan Diwai, Umpu Pernong, and Umpu Nyerupa.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jukichan Berkata |url=https://pringsewu.site/nenek-moyang-orang-margakaya/ |title=Nenek Moyang Orang Margakaya |publisher=Pringsewu Site |date= |accessdate=2023-08-07}}</ref> The Tumi people who are [[Bhairava Hindus]] come with a set of customs and culture. The Tumi tribe was then defeated by the ''umpu'' who also brought customs and culture originating from [[Islam|Islamic teachings]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raditya |first=Iswara N. |title=Mengenal Kerajaan Sekala Brak sebagai Leluhur Lampung |language=id |work=Tirto |url=https://tirto.id/mengenal-kerajaan-sekala-brak-sebagai-leluhur-lampung-czon |access-date=2023-08-07}}</ref> The four ''umpu'' who defeated [[Ratu Sekekhumong]], the last leader of the Tumi tribe, like the [[Walisongo]] in [[Java Island]], the spread of Islam in Lampung was carried out by acculturating pre-existing cultures.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-06-01 |title=Sekura Topeng 1000 Wajah |language=id |work=MediaNasional.id |url=https://www.medianasional.id/sekura-topeng-1000-wajah/ |access-date=2023-08-07}}</ref> The people of the Tumi tribe, who at that time had not embraced Islam, chose to flee to the coast or cross to Java Island and some others fled to the [[Lesser Sunda Islands]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arrahim.id/alvina/jejak-islam-di-tanah-sang-bumi-ruwai-jurai-lampung/ |title=Jejak Islam Di Tanah Sang Bumi Ruwai Jurai Lampung |publisher=Arrahim.ID |date= |accessdate=2023-08-07}}</ref>

==Language==
{{infobox language
|name=Tumi
|ethnicity=Tumi
|region=Around the area [[Mount Pesagi]] and [[Lake Ranau]]
|era=
|extinct=c. 13th century<ref name='Tim Advis'/>
|familycolor =unclassified
|family=[[unclassified language|Unattested]] (possibly including [[Proto-Austronesian]] language)
}}
The '''Tumi''' is the [[ancient language]] which was probably previously used by Tumi tribe besides [[Sanskrit]].<ref name='Tim Advis'/> This language is thought to have become extinct in the 13th century after the entry of [[Islam]] to southern [[Sumatra]] and the assimilation of the Tumi tribe with other ethnic groups who currently form the [[Lampung people]] who speak the [[Lampung language]].<ref name='Tim Advis'/>

==Religion==
In books ''Sejarah Daerah Lampung'' (1997), It was stated that previously the Tumi people still adhered to [[animism]] or [[dynamism]] beliefs before the arrival of [[Hindu]] religion from mainland [[India]] since the 3rd century AD. Some groups of people from this tribe do not want to accept Islam as their religion because some of them do not accept teachings about human origins and claim that they are not descendants of [[Adam]], but there were three daughters from the tribe who later married the ''umpu'' spreaders of Islam.<ref name='Tim Advis'/> According to them, God sent them down through a person named Ratu Pesagi who was already on Mount Pesagi.<ref name='Tim Advis'>{{cite book |last1=Sudjarwo |first1=Prof. Dr. |title=KPL Menjawab Sejarah |publisher=Masa Kini Mandiri |location=Lampung |isbn=9786025270529 |page=13 |edition=1 |ref=SKB |language=id |date= |url=}}</ref>

==Relics==
[[File:Batu kepampang purba.jpg|thumb|Batu kepampang, the place where the Tumi tribe relics of the dead were executed.]]
The existence of Keaksian Sekala Brak inhabited by the Tumi tribe is evidenced by the discovery of a number of relics, such as inscription, stones, footprints, ceremonial altar, up to a place for execution called ''batu kepampang'' (kepampang stone).<ref>{{cite web|last=Pena |first=Redaksi |url=https://penaberlian.com/selayang-pandang-tentang-kerajaan-sekala-brak-ranji-pasai/ |title=Selayang Pandang Tentang Kerajaan Sekala Brak Ranji Pasai - Portal Pena Berlian |publisher=Penaberlian.com |date=2019-05-03 |accessdate=2023-08-07}}</ref> [[Louis-Charles Damais]] (1995) in ''Epigrafi dan Sejarah Nusantara'', concluded that the inscription was a relic of the Kepaksian Sekala Brak in the era of the Tumi tribe.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rustam Renaldy |url=https://www.sekitarlampung.com/kerajaan-sekala-brak-lampung-barat/ |title=Cikal Bakal Suku Lampung dalam Sejarah Singkat Kerajaan Sekala Brak |publisher=Sekitarlampung.com |date= |accessdate=2023-08-07}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Lampung]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Ancient culture]]

Tumi (tribe) - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article