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	<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Tumdak%27</id>
	<title>Tumdak&#039; - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Tumdak%27"/>
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	<updated>2026-08-17T13:15:25Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.6</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumdak%27&amp;diff=462477&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Abdul kadar: minor cleanup</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumdak%27&amp;diff=462477&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-08-24T17:19:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;minor cleanup&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 22:49, 24 August 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Short description|Type of drum}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:A Santal drummer playing Tumda.jpg|right|thumb|A [[Santal]] drummer playing a tumdak&amp;#039;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:A Santal drummer playing Tumda.jpg|right|thumb|A [[Santal]] drummer playing a tumdak&amp;#039;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;tumdak&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; is a hand-struck double-headed [[membranophone]] of the [[Santal]] people of [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web| title= Status, Development and Future of Santals  | work=Sanatan Marndi | url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2598025/STATUS-DEVELOPMENT-TREND-AND-FUTURE-OF-SANTALS | accessdate=2009-04-06}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Tumdak is a Santali famous instrument. Tumdak is used santali traditional festival. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;The Santal typically use the Tumdak&#039; in combination with the [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tamah&lt;/del&gt;&#039;]] for religious ceremonies and Santal festivals. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;Both drums are almost universally played by men rather than women.  The body of the drum is cylindrical and made from clay. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;The two heads of the drum are usually cowhide, the right one being slightly smaller than the left. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;Like many similar Indian drums, each head has a round patch of [[Syahi|tuning paste]] in the center which enhances the sound.  When played for dancing, the Tumdah&#039; player suspends the drum around his neck with a cord or leather strap. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;The Tumdah&#039; falls within the larger category of double-headed hand-struck Indian drums, which have various names:  [[Dholak]], [[Nal (drum)|Nal]], [[Mridangam]].  The player strikes the Tumdak&#039; with full hand and fingers as required by the musical pattern.  The rhythm of the Tamak&#039; and Tumdak&#039; set the basic metric/rhythmic pattern for Santal dances and are essential for traditional [[Santal music]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;tumdak&#039;&#039;&#039; is a hand-struck double-headed [[membranophone]] of the [[Santal]] people of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Indian subcontinent]], distributed across [[Eastern &lt;/ins&gt;India]] and [[Bangladesh]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web| title= Status, Development and Future of Santals  | work=Sanatan Marndi | url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2598025/STATUS-DEVELOPMENT-TREND-AND-FUTURE-OF-SANTALS | accessdate=2009-04-06}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Tumdak is a Santali famous instrument. Tumdak is used santali traditional festival. The Santal typically use the Tumdak&#039; in combination with the [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tamak&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;]] for religious ceremonies and Santal festivals. Both drums are almost universally played by men rather than women.  The body of the drum is cylindrical and made from clay. The two heads of the drum are usually cowhide, the right one being slightly smaller than the left. Like many similar Indian drums, each head has a round patch of [[Syahi|tuning paste]] in the center which enhances the sound.  When played for dancing, the Tumdah&#039; player suspends the drum around his neck with a cord or leather strap. The Tumdah&#039; falls within the larger category of double-headed hand-struck Indian drums, which have various names:  [[Dholak]], [[Nal (drum)|Nal]], [[Mridangam]].  The player strikes the Tumdak&#039; with full hand and fingers as required by the musical pattern.  The rhythm of the Tamak&#039; and Tumdak&#039; set the basic metric/rhythmic pattern for Santal dances and are essential for traditional [[Santal music]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==See also==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==See also==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 14:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Directly struck membranophones]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Directly struck membranophones]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Membranophone-instrument-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Membranophone-instrument-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Abdul kadar</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumdak%27&amp;diff=273663&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>-&gt;Ohnoitsjamie: Reverted edits by ᱵᱤᱨᱢᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱨᱚᱢ (talk) to last version by Curbon7</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumdak%27&amp;diff=273663&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-11-24T02:32:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Reverted edits by &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Contributions/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2&quot; title=&quot;Special:Contributions/ᱵᱤᱨᱢᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱨᱚᱢ&quot;&gt;ᱵᱤᱨᱢᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱨᱚᱢ&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=User_talk:%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;User talk:ᱵᱤᱨᱢᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱨᱚᱢ (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/a&gt;) to last version by Curbon7&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 08:02, 24 November 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{ Infobox &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A Santal drummer playing Tumda&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;jpg|right&lt;/ins&gt;|thumb|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A [[Santal&lt;/ins&gt;]] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;drummer playing a &lt;/ins&gt;tumdak&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| name  = Tumdak&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| image = &lt;/del&gt;[[File:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Santali Writer&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;png&lt;/del&gt;|thumb|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;tumdak&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; is a hand-struck double-headed [[membranophone]] of the [[Santal]] people of [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web| title= Status, Development and Future of Santals  | work=Sanatan Marndi | url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2598025/STATUS-DEVELOPMENT-TREND-AND-FUTURE-OF-SANTALS | accessdate=2009-04-06}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tumdak is a Santali famous instrument. Tumdak is used santali traditional festival. &lt;/ins&gt; The Santal typically use the Tumdak&#039; in combination with the [[Tamah&#039;]] for religious ceremonies and Santal festivals.  Both drums are almost universally played by men rather than women.  The body of the drum is cylindrical and made from clay.  The two heads of the drum are usually cowhide, the right one being slightly smaller than the left.  Like many similar Indian drums, each head has a round patch of [[Syahi|tuning paste]] in the center which enhances the sound.  When played for dancing, the Tumdah&#039; player suspends the drum around his neck with a cord or leather strap.  The Tumdah&#039; falls within the larger category of double-headed hand-struck Indian drums, which have various names:  [[Dholak]], [[Nal (drum)|Nal]], [[Mridangam]].  The player strikes the Tumdak&#039; with full hand and fingers as required by the musical pattern.  The rhythm of the Tamak&#039; and Tumdak&#039; set the basic metric/rhythmic pattern for Santal dances and are essential for traditional [[Santal music]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| caption = &lt;/del&gt;tumdak &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;founder of santali instrument &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;tumdak&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; is a hand-struck double-headed [[membranophone]] of the [[Santal]] people of [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web| title= Status, Development and Future of Santals  | work=Sanatan Marndi | url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2598025/STATUS-DEVELOPMENT-TREND-AND-FUTURE-OF-SANTALS | accessdate=2009-04-06}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Santal typically use the Tumdak&#039; in combination with the [[Tamah&#039;]] for religious ceremonies and Santal festivals.  Both drums are almost universally played by men rather than women.  The body of the drum is cylindrical and made from clay.  The two heads of the drum are usually cowhide, the right one being slightly smaller than the left.  Like many similar Indian drums, each head has a round patch of [[Syahi|tuning paste]] in the center which enhances the sound.  When played for dancing, the Tumdah&#039; player suspends the drum around his neck with a cord or leather strap.  The Tumdah&#039; falls within the larger category of double-headed hand-struck Indian drums, which have various names:  [[Dholak]], [[Nal (drum)|Nal]], [[Mridangam]].  The player strikes the Tumdak&#039; with full hand and fingers as required by the musical pattern.  The rhythm of the Tamak&#039; and Tumdak&#039; set the basic metric/rhythmic pattern for Santal dances and are essential for traditional [[Santal music]]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. This santali instrument tumdak founder of Birmal Hembram &lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==See also==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==See also==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l16&quot;&gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Directly struck membranophones]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Directly struck membranophones]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Membranophone-instrument-stub}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>-&gt;Ohnoitsjamie</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumdak%27&amp;diff=103307&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hembram Bakhul at 09:51, 5 July 2021</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumdak%27&amp;diff=103307&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-07-05T09:51:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:21, 5 July 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{ Infobox &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of tumdak&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{ Infobox  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| name &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/del&gt;= Tumdak&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| name &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;= Tumdak&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| image &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;= [[File:Santali Writer.png|thumb|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| image = [[File:Santali Writer.png|thumb|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| caption = &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Santali Tumdak Artist&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| caption = &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tumdak founder of santali instrument &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| category = Indian Instrument &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;tumdak&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; is a hand-struck double-headed [[membranophone]] of the [[Santal]] people of [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web| title= Status, Development and Future of Santals  | work=Sanatan Marndi | url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2598025/STATUS-DEVELOPMENT-TREND-AND-FUTURE-OF-SANTALS | accessdate=2009-04-06}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Santal typically use the Tumdak&#039; in combination with the [[Tamah&#039;]] for religious ceremonies and Santal festivals.  Both drums are almost universally played by men rather than women.  The body of the drum is cylindrical and made from clay.  The two heads of the drum are usually cowhide, the right one being slightly smaller than the left.  Like many similar Indian drums, each head has a round patch of [[Syahi|tuning paste]] in the center which enhances the sound.  When played for dancing, the Tumdah&#039; player suspends the drum around his neck with a cord or leather strap.  The Tumdah&#039; falls within the larger category of double-headed hand-struck Indian drums, which have various names:  [[Dholak]], [[Nal (drum)|Nal]], [[Mridangam]].  The player strikes the Tumdak&#039; with full hand and fingers as required by the musical pattern.  The rhythm of the Tamak&#039; and Tumdak&#039; set the basic metric/rhythmic pattern for Santal dances and are essential for traditional [[Santal music]]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. This santali instrument tumdak founder of Birmal Hembram &lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;tumdak&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; is a hand-struck double-headed [[membranophone]] of the [[Santal]] people of [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web| title= Status, Development and Future of Santals  | work=Sanatan Marndi | url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2598025/STATUS-DEVELOPMENT-TREND-AND-FUTURE-OF-SANTALS | accessdate=2009-04-06}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Santal typically use the Tumdak&#039; in combination with the [[Tamah&#039;]] for religious ceremonies and Santal festivals.  Both drums are almost universally played by men rather than women.  The body of the drum is cylindrical and made from clay.  The two heads of the drum are usually cowhide, the right one being slightly smaller than the left.  Like many similar Indian drums, each head has a round patch of [[Syahi|tuning paste]] in the center which enhances the sound.  When played for dancing, the Tumdah&#039; player suspends the drum around his neck with a cord or leather strap.  The Tumdah&#039; falls within the larger category of double-headed hand-struck Indian drums, which have various names:  [[Dholak]], [[Nal (drum)|Nal]], [[Mridangam]].  The player strikes the Tumdak&#039; with full hand and fingers as required by the musical pattern.  The rhythm of the Tamak&#039; and Tumdak&#039; set the basic metric/rhythmic pattern for Santal dances and are essential for traditional [[Santal music]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==See also==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==See also==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l18&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Directly struck membranophones]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Directly struck membranophones]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{percussion-instrument-stub}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hembram Bakhul</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumdak%27&amp;diff=103305&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hembram Bakhul: Created page with &quot;{{ Infobox of tumdak | name   = Tumdak | image  = thumb| | caption = Santali Tumdak Artist | category = Indian Instrument  }}   &#039;&#039;&#039;tumdak&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; is a...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumdak%27&amp;diff=103305&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-07-05T09:31:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;{{ Infobox of tumdak | name   = Tumdak | image  = &lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=File:Santali_Writer.png&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;File:Santali Writer.png (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;thumb|&lt;/a&gt; | caption = Santali Tumdak Artist | category = Indian Instrument  }}   &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;tumdak&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{ Infobox of tumdak&lt;br /&gt;
| name   = Tumdak&lt;br /&gt;
| image  = [[File:Santali Writer.png|thumb|]]&lt;br /&gt;
| caption = Santali Tumdak Artist&lt;br /&gt;
| category = Indian Instrument &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;tumdak&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a hand-struck double-headed [[membranophone]] of the [[Santal]] people of [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web| title= Status, Development and Future of Santals  | work=Sanatan Marndi | url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2598025/STATUS-DEVELOPMENT-TREND-AND-FUTURE-OF-SANTALS | accessdate=2009-04-06}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Santal typically use the Tumdak&amp;#039; in combination with the [[Tamah&amp;#039;]] for religious ceremonies and Santal festivals.  Both drums are almost universally played by men rather than women.  The body of the drum is cylindrical and made from clay.  The two heads of the drum are usually cowhide, the right one being slightly smaller than the left.  Like many similar Indian drums, each head has a round patch of [[Syahi|tuning paste]] in the center which enhances the sound.  When played for dancing, the Tumdah&amp;#039; player suspends the drum around his neck with a cord or leather strap.  The Tumdah&amp;#039; falls within the larger category of double-headed hand-struck Indian drums, which have various names:  [[Dholak]], [[Nal (drum)|Nal]], [[Mridangam]].  The player strikes the Tumdak&amp;#039; with full hand and fingers as required by the musical pattern.  The rhythm of the Tamak&amp;#039; and Tumdak&amp;#039; set the basic metric/rhythmic pattern for Santal dances and are essential for traditional [[Santal music]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Santal]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Santal music]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Music of India]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Directly struck membranophones]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{percussion-instrument-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hembram Bakhul</name></author>
	</entry>
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