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{{Short description|Dravidian ethnic group of southwestern India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Tuluvas
| image =
| flag =
| caption =
| total = '''{{circa}} 1.8 million'''
| total_ref =
| region1 = {{flag|India}}
| pop1 = 1,846,427 (2011 census)<ref name="Cenus2011" />
| languages = [[Tulu language|Tulu]]
| religions = '''Majority''':<br />[[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]]<br />'''Minority''':<br />{{hlist|[[File:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg|12px]] [[Jainism]]|}}<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>
| related = [[Pancha-Dravida]], [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]], [[Kannada people|Kannadigas]], [[Konkani people|Konkanis]], [[Kodava people|Kodavas]], [[Malayali people|Malayali]] <ref name="Tulu Nadu"/>
}}
The '''Tulu people''' or '''Tuluvas''' are an ethno-linguistic group from [[Southern India]]. They are native speakers of the [[Tulu language|Tulu]] language and the region they traditionally inhabit is known as [[Tulu Nadu]]. This region comprises the districts of [[Dakshina Kannada]] and [[Udupi district|Udupi]] in [[Karnataka]] and a part of [[Kasaragod district]] in [[Kerala]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Tulu|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tcy|publisher=ethnologue.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tulu Nadu, Kasaragod, Kerala, India|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/bekal/tulu-nadu.php|publisher=Kerala Tourism|access-date=12 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> with [[Mangalore]], [[Karnataka]] being the commercial hub. The Census report of 2011 reported a population of 1,846,427 native Tulu speakers living in India.<ref name="Cenus2011">{{cite web|title=ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Indian Census 2011, Government of India|access-date=7 July 2018}}</ref>

==Etymology==
According to ''[[Keralolpathi]]'', the name ''Tuluva'' comes from that of one of the [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals|Cheraman Perumal]] kings of [[Kerala]], who fixed his residence in the northern portion of his dominions just before its separation from [[Kerala]], and who was called ''Tulubhan Perumal''.<ref name="Tulu Nadu">{{cite book
| author = J. Sturrock | year=1894
| title= Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-I) | publisher=Madras Government Press
| url= https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3200/page/n1/mode/2up
}}</ref>

==Mythology==
According to mythology, [[Tulu Nadu]] was reclaimed by [[Parashurama]] from the sea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icicihfc.com/property_pdfs/manglore-report.pdf|title=History of Mangalore|access-date=6 October 2017|publisher=ICICI}}</ref> According to the 17th-century [[Malayalam]] work ''[[Keralolpathi]]'', the lands of [[Kerala]] and Tulu Nadu were recovered from the [[Arabian Sea]] by the axe-wielding warrior sage [[Parasurama]], the sixth [[Daśāvatāra|avatar]] of [[Vishnu]] (hence, Kerala is also called ''Parasurama Kshetram'' 'The Land of Parasurama'<ref>S.C. Bhatt, Gopal K. Bhargava (2006) "Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: Volume 14.", p. 18</ref>). Parasurama threw his axe across the sea, and the water receded as far as it reached. According to legend, this new area of land extended from [[Gokarna, India|Gokarna]] to [[Kanyakumari]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Aiya VN |title=The Travancore State Manual |publisher=Travancore Government Press |pages=210–12 |year=1906 |access-date=12 November 2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RdzaPW-kEvQC}}</ref> The land which rose from sea was filled with salt and unsuitable for habitation; so Parasurama invoked the Snake King [[Vasuki (snake)|Vasuki]], who spat holy poison and converted the soil into fertile lush green land. Out of respect, Vasuki and all snakes were appointed as protectors and guardians of the land. [[P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar]] theorised, that [[Senguttuvan]] may have been inspired by the [[Parasurama]] legend, which was brought by early Aryan settlers.<ref>{{Cite book |title=History of the Tamils: From the Earliest Times to 600 A.D. |last=Srinivisa Iyengar |first=P. T. |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1929 |isbn=978-8120601451 |location=Madras |page=515}}</ref>

==People and identity==
Tulu speakers are divided into various castes. The major Tulu speaking castes are, [[Bunt (community)|Bunt]], [[Billava]], [[Shettigars]],[[Tulu Gowda]]s, [[Devadiga]], [[Kulala]]s, [[Koraga people|Koraga]], [[Mogaveera]], [[Tuluva Brahmin|Tulu Brahmins]], [[Vishwakarma (caste)|Vishwakarmas]], Nayaks etc. [[Mangalorean Protestants]] are also Tulu speakers.<ref name="MalavikaS">{{cite book|last1=Shetty|first1=Malavika|title=Telling Stories: Language, Narrative, and Social Life (Identity building through Narratives on a Tulu Call-in Show)|date=2010|publisher=Georgetown University Press|isbn=9781589016743|pages=95–108}}</ref> A Tulu woman is called Tuluvedi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Poojary |first=Kiran |title=Tulu Lesson 13: Adjectives – Part 1 |url=http://www.easytulu.com/2016/04/learn-tulu-lesson-13-adjectives-part-1.html |access-date=2022-05-28}}</ref> Bhuta-aradhana in Tulu Nadu is similar to the rest of South India though the bhutas as well as their worship differ. The kola or nema is the yearly ceremony celebrating the festival of bhutas. They have attained a godly status among some worshippers, mainly non-Brahmins, and even have their own bhuta-sthanas (a place of abode similar to temples). [[Bhuta]]s can be animistic as in Panjurli (boar) or Pili-bhuta (tiger). However, in many villages the Brahmins, who consider these spirits as their protectorates, conduct the yearly ceremonies. A second variety can be representatives of characters taken out of the Puranas like Bermer (Brahma), Lekkesiri (Raktesvari, Kali) or Vishnumurti etc. A third category is deified human beings like Gulige, Annappe, and Koti-Chananye etc. The fourth kind is strictly local characters like Male-Chandi (from the male-Nadu), Ullaldi (from Ullal), and Malaraye (from the Ghats). Then there are bhutas which provide comical relief during nemas, namely Marlu-Jumadi (crazy Jumadi) or Potte (dumb/deaf demigod). Newer bhutas also have been added like Posa-bhuta (new demigod), Vokku-Ballala, and Muttappe etc.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.boloji.com/articles/865/tulu-nadu-the-land-and-its-people | title=Tulu Nadu: The Land and its People by Neria H. Hebbar }}</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Tulubaase4.png|thumb|left|[[Tulu language|''Tulu Baase'']] written in [[Tigalari script]]]]
[[File:Nagabana.jpg|thumb|left|Nagabana: The [[Nāga]] deities are worshipped in sacred groves]]
[[File:Bhutakola.jpg|thumb|left|Ritual dance performing the [[Buta Kola]] dance in honour of the deities worshipped by Tulu speakers]]
Tuluvas follow a [[matrilineal]] system of inheritance known as [[Aliyasantana]], where inheritance is from uncle to nephew, except for [[Brahmins]], [[Tulu Gowda]], Shettigar caste and [[Vishwakarma (caste)|Vishwakarmas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rupkatha.com/siri-possession-cult/
|title= Ritualistic World of Tuluva: A Study of Tuluva Women and Siri possession cult
|author=Yogitha Shetty
|access-date= 12 December 2010
}}</ref> It is similar to the ''[[Marumakkathayam]]'' of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110000281870/|title=CiNii - Transformation of the Marumakkathayam System in Malabar: The Malabar Marriage Act, 1896 and the Nayar Tarawads|publisher=ci.nii.ac.jp|access-date=2008-03-09}}</ref><ref>Page 35-39 ''Kandamathu Kudumba Sangamam'' Published by K. K. N., Neyyattinkara, S. India 1995</ref><ref>Jeffrey in the Decline of Nayar Dominance in Travancore, See notes under C V Raman Pillai</ref> Other distinctive features include the rituals of [[Yakshagana]], [[Bhuta Kola]], [[Nagaradhane]]<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcasts%7Cbroadcastid=50662
|title=Nagapanchami Naadige Doodadu
|date= 18 August 2007
|access-date= 28 January 2008
|publisher = Mangalorean.com
}}</ref> [[Aati kalenja]] and [[Kambala]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/70064/connecting-nature.html |title=Connecting with nature
|date=17 May 2010
|access-date = 20 May 2017
|work = [[Deccan Herald]]
}}</ref> [[Bhuta Kola]] is similar to [[Theyyam]] in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/videos/news/news-in-videos/devakoothu-the-lone-woman-theyyam-in-north-malabar-1.3468731|title='Devakoothu'; the lone woman Theyyam in North Malabar|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/This-year-Devakoothu-gets-a-new-face/articleshow/17735370.cms|title=Devakoothu: This year, Devakoothu gets a new face | Kozhikode News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

Tuluva New Year is called ''[[Bisu Parba]]'', which falls on the same day as [[Baisakhi]], [[Vishu]] and the [[Songkran (Thailand)|Thai New Year]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://starofmysore.com/bisu-parbha-celebrated-city/
|title=Star of Mysore |access-date= 26 July 2017 }}</ref>

[[Paddanas|Tuluva Paddanas]] are sung narratives, which are part of several closely related singing traditions in [[Tulu language]], Paddanas are sung during occasions which describe the evolution of Tulu tribes and Tulu culture.<ref>[http://class.csueastby.com.edu/anthropology/claus/gundert/gubdert.htm Peter J. Claus, "Variability in Tulu Padannas".] Retrieved 2011-03-09.</ref>

==Demand for Tulu Nadu==
{{Main|Tulu Nadu state movement}}

From [[Indian Independence Act 1947|India's independence]] and following the reorganization of states, the Tuluvas have been demanding national language status for Tulu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-demand-in-rs-for-official-status-to-tulu-kodava-languages-2386552|title=Demand in RS for official status to Tulu, Kodava languages|work=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref> and a separate state for themselves called [[Tulu Nadu]] (Land of Tuluvas), based on their language and distinct culture. Though somewhat subdued for a while, this demand has grown stronger in recent years. Several organizations like the Tulu Rajya Horata Samiti have taken up the cause of the Tuluvas, and frequent meetings and demonstrations are held across towns in Tulunadu (such as [[Mangalore]] and [[Udupi]]) to voice their demands.<ref>Tulu Rajya Horata Samithi has urged that the region comprising Tulu speaking people should be given the status of a separate state.{{cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=27089&n_tit=News+headlines|title=News headlines|work=daijiworld.com}}</ref><ref>"Now the time has come for all Tulu natives to pressurize the union government with the demand for a separate Tulunadu state", said renowned Tulu litterateur and Yakshagana artiste Kudyady Vishwanath Rai.{{cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=68774|title=Beltangady: Litterateur Kudyady Vishwanath Rai Voices Need for Tulunadu State|work=daijiworld.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Vedike-demands-separate-Tulunadu-State/article16086768.ece|title=Vedike demands separate Tulunadu State|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Prominent Tuluvas==
{{Further|List of Tulu people}}

==See also==
* [[Mangalorean cuisine]]
* [[Udupi cuisine]]
* [[Tulu language]]
* [[Gokak agitation]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Citation
| author = S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar | year=1942
| title= Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language | publisher=University of Madras
| url= https://archive.org/details/Tuhfat-al-MujahidinAnHistoricalWorkInTheArabicLanguage
|isbn= 9789839154801}}
* {{Citation
| author = J. Sturrock | year=1894
| title= Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-I) | publisher=Madras Government Press
| url= https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3200/page/n1/mode/2up
}}
* {{Citation
| author = Harold A. Stuart | year=1895
| title= Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-II) | publisher=Madras Government Press
| url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281736/mode/2up
}}
* {{Citation
| author = Government of Madras | year=1905
| title= Madras District Gazetteers: Statistical Appendix for South Canara District | publisher=Madras Government Press
| url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.177471/page/n1/mode/2up
}}
* {{Citation
| author = Government of Madras | year=1915
| title= Madras District Gazetteers South Canara (Volume-II) | publisher=Madras Government Press
| url= https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.16591/page/n5/mode/2up
}}
* {{Citation
| author = Government of Madras | year=1953
| title= 1951 Census Handbook- South Canara District | publisher=Madras Government Press
| url= http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6023/1/7746_1951.pdf
}}
* {{Citation
| author = J. I. Arputhanathan | year=1955
| title= South Kanara, The Nilgiris, Malabar and Coimbatore Districts (Village-wise Mother-tongue Data for Bilingual or Multilingual Taluks) | publisher=Madras Government Press
| url= http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6447/1/50056_1951_SOU.pdf
}}
* {{Citation |title=Statistical Atlas of the Madras State (1951)|last=Rajabhushanam|first=D. S.|publisher=Director of Statistics, Government of Madras|year=1963|location=Madras (Chennai)|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6454/1/9111_1951_STA.pdf}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tulu people| ]]
[[Category:Mangalorean society]]
[[Category:Social groups of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Social groups of Kerala]]

Tulu people - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article