76.216.7.10 at 15:50, 20 October 2020

2020-10-20T15:50:48Z

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'''Tulā''' is one of the twelve months in the [[Hindu calendar|Indian solar calendar]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p19"/><ref name=sewell5>{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/5 5]–11, 23–29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Vasudeva Rao|title=Living Traditions in Contemporary Contexts: The Madhva Matha of Udupi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-utNEpTZWUkC |year=2002|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|isbn=978-81-250-2297-8|pages=48–53}}</ref>

Tula corresponds to the zodiacal sign of [[Libra (constellation)|Libra]], and overlaps with about the second half of October and about the first half of November in the [[Gregorian calendar]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p19"/> In Vedic texts, the Tula month is called '''Issa''' (IAST: Issa), but in these ancient texts it has no zodiacal associations.<ref name="Dershowitz2008p123">{{cite book|author1=Nachum Dershowitz|author2=Edward M. Reingold|title=Calendrical Calculations|title-link= Calendrical Calculations |year= 2008|publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-88540-9|pages=123–128}}</ref> The solar month of Tula overlaps with its lunar month [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]], in Hindu lunisolar calendars.<ref>{{cite book|author=Christopher John Fuller|title=The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=To6XSeBUW3oC|year=2004|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-69112-04-85|pages=291–293}}</ref><ref name=sewell10/> The Tula marks the end of monsoon harvests, a period of cooler autumn, a break before the winter crop, and many annual festivals and fairs set by the lunar cycle are observed in and about this part of the calendar across the Indian subcontinent. It is preceded by the solar month of [[Kanyā]], and followed by the solar month of [[Vṛścik‌‌‌a]].<ref name=sewell5/> The sun, according to the Hindu texts, begins it southward journey and days begin to get shorter.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/9 9]–10, 149}}</ref>

The Tula month is called ''Aipassi'' in the Tamil Hindu calendar.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p19">{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, N-Z (Vol 1 & 2)|year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/19 19]|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/19}}</ref> The ancient and medieval era Sanskrit texts of India vary in their calculations about the duration of Tula, just like they do with other months. For example, the ''Surya Siddhanta'', dated to c. 400 CE, calculates the duration of Tula to be 29 days, 21 hours, 26 minutes and 24 seconds.<ref name=sewell10/> In contrast, the ''Arya Siddhanta'' calculates the duration of the Tula month to be 29 days, 21 hours, 40 minutes and 48 seconds.<ref name=sewell10>{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/10 10]–11}}</ref>

The Indian solar month names are significant in epigraphical studies of South Asia. For example, ''Tula'' month, along with other solar months, are found inscribed in medieval era Hindu temples.<ref>{{cite book|author=E Hultzsch|title=Epigraphia Indica|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MxE9AAAAYAAJ |year= 1906|publisher =Education Society Press|pages=6, 275}}</ref>

Tula is also an astrological sign in Indian horoscope systems, corresponding to [[Libra (astrology)]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Bangalore V. Raman|title=Studies in Jaimini Astrology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gW2DIFHrxfgC |year=2003|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-81-208-1397-7|pages=10–19}}</ref>

Tula is also the twenty-second month in the [[Darian calendar]] for the planet [[Mars]], when the [[Sun]] Sun traverses the eastern sector of the constellation Libra as seen from Mars.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu calendar}}
{{Nepali calendar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tula}}
[[Category:Hindu solar months]]

{{Hinduism-stub}}

Tulā - Revision history

76.216.7.10 at 15:50, 20 October 2020