Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen - Revision history

MarcyEdmond490: typo fix

2026-03-06T12:53:26Z

typo fix

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:23, 6 March 2026
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			{{Short description\|Historical work by Zainuddin Makhdoom II}}
			{{italic title}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2019}}
	''''Tuhfat al-Mujahidin fi ba‘d Akhbar al-Burtughaliyin'''' (Arabic:تحفة المجاهدين في بعض اخبار البرتغاليين, often shortened as ''''Tuhfat al-Mujahidin'''') is a historical work by [[Zainuddin Makhdoom II]] on the struggle between the [[Mappila]] Muslims of [[Malabar District\|Malabar]] and [[South Canara]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] colonial forces in the 16th century~~. It is the first historical work of Kerala to be authored by a keralite~~. The book describes the resistance put up by the navy of [[Kunjali Marakkar]] alongside the [[Zamorin]] of [[Kozhikode\|Calicut]] from 1498 to 1583 against Portuguese attempts to colonize the [[Malabar coast]]. Along with chronological events of the era, the book also provides an analysis of the events, as well as the lifestyle, customs and family structure of the people of the time.<ref name="Noorani"/><ref>[http://southasiaconference.wisc.edu/archive/2011/2011-Program.pdf The 16th Century Mappila Muslims’ Jihad against the Portuguese: Impact of Tuhfat al-Mujahidin fi ba‘d Akhbar al-Burtughaliyin], Jose Abraham, [[Concordia University]], 40th Annual Conference on South Asia, 2011 Center for South Asia		'''''Tuhfat al-Mujahidin fi ba‘d Akhbar al-Burtughaliyin''''' (Arabic:تحفة المجاهدين في بعض اخبار البرتغاليين, often shortened as '''''Tuhfat al-Mujahidin''''') is a historical work by [[Zainuddin Makhdoom II]] on the struggle between the [[Malabar Muslims\|Mappila]] Muslims of [[Malabar District\|Malabar]] and [[South Canara]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] colonial forces in the 16th century. The book describes the resistance put up by the navy of [[Kunjali Marakkar]] alongside the [[Zamorin]] of [[Kozhikode\|Calicut]] from 1498 to 1583 against Portuguese attempts to colonize the [[Malabar coast]]. Along with chronological events of the era, the book also provides an analysis of the events, as well as the lifestyle, customs and family structure of the people of the time.<ref name="Noorani"/><ref>[http://southasiaconference.wisc.edu/archive/2011/2011-Program.pdf The 16th Century Mappila Muslims’ Jihad against the Portuguese: Impact of Tuhfat al-Mujahidin fi ba‘d Akhbar al-Burtughaliyin], Jose Abraham, [[Concordia University]], 40th Annual Conference on South Asia, 2011 Center for South Asia
	[[University of Wisconsin-Madison]].{{dead link\|date=January 2017 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>		[[University of Wisconsin-Madison]].{{dead link\|date=January 2017 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

	==Summary==		==Summary==
	[[Zainuddin Makhdoom II\|Shaikh Zainuddin Makhdum]], born in 1517 AD, was a historian, and a religious scholar from [[Ponnani]]. Completed in 1583, his work Tuhfat is one of the few Asian sources that narrate the reaction of the Muslim populations of the Malabar coast to the Portuguese colonial expansion into the south west of India. It is also important as a pioneering work about the origins of the [[Mappila]] community in modern-day [[Kerala]]<ref name="EJPH"/> and has been reviewed as "a study in liberation theology of Islam".<ref name="Noorani"/> The work was translated into many European languages, notable among which are "História dos Portugueses no Malabar", by David Lopes in 1898 and the English translation by S. Muhammad Husayn Nainar, titled "Tuhfat al-Mujāhidīn: A Historical Epic of the Sixteenth Century" published in 1942 by the University of Madras. Another translation into [[Malayalam]] was written by C. Hamza, in 1995.<ref name="EJPH"/>		[[Zainuddin Makhdoom II\|Shaikh Zainuddin Makhdum]], born in 1517 AD, was a historian, and a religious scholar from [[Ponnani]]. Completed in 1583, his work Tuhfat is one of the few Asian sources that narrate the reaction of the Muslim populations of the Malabar coast to the Portuguese colonial expansion into the south west of India. It is also important as a pioneering work about the origins of the [[Malabar Muslims\|Mappila]] community in modern-day [[Kerala]]<ref name="EJPH"/> and has been reviewed as "a study in liberation theology of Islam".<ref name="Noorani"/> The work was translated into many European languages, notable among which are ''História dos Portugueses no Malabar'', by David Lopes in 1898 and the English translation by S. Muhammad Husayn Nainar, titled ''Tuhfat al-Mujāhidīn: A Historical Epic of the Sixteenth Century'' published in 1942 by the [[University of Madras]]. Another translation into [[Malayalam]] was written by C. Hamza, in 1995.<ref name="EJPH"/>

	This is called by many as a source book of struggle against European colonial history~~. It also is the oldest historical book on Kerala~~. It details the history of Kerala, on the arrival of Islam in Kerala through Malik ibn Dinar ~~and the accompanying merchant caravan and the establishment of local Muslim communities headed by the jurists (qaadi) in various settlements from Tuticorin in the south to~~ expounds the extent of good relations between the Zamorins of Calicut and between the Muslims. It traces the socio-cultural decay of the Muslim community and the consequential Portuguese piracy and occupation in Malabar. It prays for the prosperity of the Zamorins and exhorts for the struggle (jihad) of Muslims under the banner of the Zamorins of Calicut, against the Portuguese.<ref>[http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=1571159&programId=7940924&channelId=-1073881580&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=9 Manorama Online]. {{webarchive\|url=https://archive.today/20121209073215/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=1571159&programId=7940924&channelId=-1073881580&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=9 \|date=2012-12-09}}.</ref>		This is called by many as a source book of struggle against European colonial history. It details the history of Kerala, on the arrival of Islam in Kerala through Malik ibn Dinar. It expounds the extent of good relations between the Zamorins of Calicut and between the Muslims. It traces the socio-cultural decay of the Muslim community and the consequential Portuguese piracy and occupation in Malabar. It prays for the prosperity of the Zamorins and exhorts for the struggle (jihad) of Muslims under the banner of the Zamorins of Calicut, against the Portuguese.<ref>[http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=1571159&programId=7940924&channelId=-1073881580&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=9 Manorama Online]. {{webarchive\|url=https://archive.today/20121209073215/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=1571159&programId=7940924&channelId=-1073881580&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=9 \|date=2012-12-09}}.</ref>

	==Contents==		==Contents==

	Completed in 1583, the book was dedicated to the Sultan of [[Adil Shahi dynasty\|Bijapur]] [[Ali Adil Shah I\|Ali Adil Shah]]. The work is divided into four parts — the first discusses in detail about the Islamic concepts of [[Jihad]], followed by a look into history of the [[~~Mappila~~\|Muslim community]] in the [[Malabar ~~District~~\|Malabar]]. It then describes the customs of the Hindu population of the Malabar at the time, and the final fourteen chapters narrate the history of the Portuguese in Malabar and the rise of the naval forces led by the [[Kunjali Marakkar]]s, from the arrival of the former towards the end of the fifteenth century till the ~~Battle of~~ [[Chaliyam]] of 1571.<ref name="EJPH">[~~http~~://www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue17/html/v9n1a06.html E-Journal of Portuguese History], [[Brown University]], Vol.9, number 1, Summer 2011.</ref>		Completed in 1583, the book was dedicated to the Sultan of [[Adil Shahi dynasty\|Bijapur]] [[Ali Adil Shah I\|Ali Adil Shah]]. The work is divided into four parts — the first discusses in detail about the Islamic concepts of [[Jihad]], followed by a look into history of the [[Malabar Muslims\|Muslim community]] in the [[Malabar Coast\|Malabar]]. It then describes the customs of the [[Hindu]] population of the Malabar at the time, and the final fourteen chapters narrate the history of the [[Portuguese India\|Portuguese in Malabar]] and the rise of the naval forces led by the [[Kunjali Marakkar]]s, from the arrival of the former towards the end of the fifteenth century till the [[Siege of Chaliyam]] of 1571.<ref name="EJPH">[https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue17/html/v9n1a06.html E-Journal of Portuguese History], [[Brown University]], Vol.9, number 1, Summer 2011.</ref>

	==Reception==		==Reception==
	[[P. Govinda Pillai]], a leading Marxian critic and journalist in Kerala, has called it "an important event not only in the historical studies of Kerala but in the history of Kerala historiography. This is the first work based on the history of Kerala authored by a Keralite, albeit in Arabic. Moreover, like ~~Thucydides’ Peleponnesian~~ War, Tuhfath is credited with extraordinary historicity, since the author narrates events in which he took part in many ways and which he witnessed".<ref name="Noorani">AG Noorani {{cite web\|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2704/stories/20100226270407900.htm \|title=~~Archived copy~~ \|access-date=2013-01-05 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221021629/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2704/stories/20100226270407900.htm \|archive-date=2012-12-21 ~~\|df=~~ }}</ref>		[[P. Govinda Pillai]], a leading [[Marxism\|Marxian]] critic and journalist in Kerala, has called it "an important event not only in the historical studies of Kerala but in the history of Kerala historiography. This is the first work based on the history of Kerala authored by a Keralite, albeit in Arabic. Moreover, like [[Thucydides]]’ ''[[History of the Peloponnesian War\|Peloponnese War]]'', ''Tuhfath'' is credited with extraordinary historicity, since the author narrates events in which he took part in many ways and which he witnessed".<ref name="Noorani">AG Noorani {{cite web\|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2704/stories/20100226270407900.htm \|title=Islam in Kerala \|access-date=2013-01-05 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221021629/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2704/stories/20100226270407900.htm \|archive-date=2012-12-21 }}</ref>

	==Translations==		==Translations==
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	\| accessdate = 3 December 2020		\| accessdate = 3 December 2020
	\|isbn= 9789839154801}}		\|isbn= 9789839154801}}
	*S. Muhammad Hussain Nainer (2006). [https://books.google.com/books/about/Tuḥfat_Al_mujāhidīn.html?id=Xi9hMwAACAAJ&source=kp_book_description Tuḥfat Al-mujāhidīn: A Historical Epic of the Sixteenth Century.] Islamic Book Trust. {{ISBN\|9789839154801}}. (A revised ~~edition based on~~ Nainar's 1942 translation)		*S. Muhammad Hussain Nainer (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Tuḥfat_Al_mujāhidīn.html?id=Xi9hMwAACAAJ&source=kp_book_description Tuḥfat Al-mujāhidīn: A Historical Epic of the Sixteenth Century.]'' Islamic Book Trust. {{ISBN\|9789839154801}}. (A revised republication of Nainar's 1942 translation)<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Resende \|first=Vasco \|date=2011 \|title=Shaykh Zainuddin Makhdum, Tuhfat al-Mujāhidīn: A Historical Epic of the Sixteenth Century. Translated from the Arabic with notes by S. Muhammad Husayn Nainar. Kuala Lumpur / Calicut: Islamic Book Trust / Other Books, 2006. ISBN 983915480X/ 9789839154801. \|url=https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue17/pdf/v9n1a06.pdf \|journal=e-Journal of Portuguese History \|publisher=[[Brown University]] \|volume=9 \|issue=1 \|pages=96–98}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
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	{{Wikiquote}}		{{Wikiquote}}
	* [http://www.twocircles.net/2008jan23/book_review_tribute_strugglers.html Book review: The Tribute to the Strugglers]		* [http://www.twocircles.net/2008jan23/book_review_tribute_strugglers.html Book review: The Tribute to the Strugglers]
			*''[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006573974 Historia dos Portugueses no Malabar, por Zinadím. Manuscripto arabe do seculo XVI]'' translated by David Lopes Lisboa, Imprensa nacional, 1898.
			{{Authority control}}

	[[Category:~~History of~~ Kerala]]		[[Category:Portuguese in Kerala]]
	[[Category:16th-century Indian books]]		[[Category:16th-century Indian books]]
			[[Category:16th-century Arabic-language books]]
	[[Category:Indian chronicles]]		[[Category:Indian chronicles]]
	[[Category:Historiography of India]]		[[Category:Historiography of India]]
	[[Category:Books about India]]		[[Category:Books about India]]
			[[Category:Calicut kingdom]]
			[[Category:16th century in Portuguese India]]

->Rlink2: /* Summary /archive link repair, may include: archive. -> archive.today, and http->https for ghostarchive.org and archive.org (wp:el#Specifying_protocols)

2021-12-04T20:10:38Z

Summary: archive link repair, may include: archive.* -> archive.today, and http->https for ghostarchive.org and archive.org (wp:el#Specifying_protocols)

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:40, 5 December 2021
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	[[Zainuddin Makhdoom II\|Shaikh Zainuddin Makhdum]], born in 1517 AD, was a historian, and a religious scholar from [[Ponnani]]. Completed in 1583, his work Tuhfat is one of the few Asian sources that narrate the reaction of the Muslim populations of the Malabar coast to the Portuguese colonial expansion into the south west of India. It is also important as a pioneering work about the origins of the [[Mappila]] community in modern-day [[Kerala]]<ref name="EJPH"/> and has been reviewed as "a study in liberation theology of Islam".<ref name="Noorani"/> The work was translated into many European languages, notable among which are "História dos Portugueses no Malabar", by David Lopes in 1898 and the English translation by S. Muhammad Husayn Nainar, titled "Tuhfat al-Mujāhidīn: A Historical Epic of the Sixteenth Century" published in 1942 by the University of Madras. Another translation into [[Malayalam]] was written by C. Hamza, in 1995.<ref name="EJPH"/>		[[Zainuddin Makhdoom II\|Shaikh Zainuddin Makhdum]], born in 1517 AD, was a historian, and a religious scholar from [[Ponnani]]. Completed in 1583, his work Tuhfat is one of the few Asian sources that narrate the reaction of the Muslim populations of the Malabar coast to the Portuguese colonial expansion into the south west of India. It is also important as a pioneering work about the origins of the [[Mappila]] community in modern-day [[Kerala]]<ref name="EJPH"/> and has been reviewed as "a study in liberation theology of Islam".<ref name="Noorani"/> The work was translated into many European languages, notable among which are "História dos Portugueses no Malabar", by David Lopes in 1898 and the English translation by S. Muhammad Husayn Nainar, titled "Tuhfat al-Mujāhidīn: A Historical Epic of the Sixteenth Century" published in 1942 by the University of Madras. Another translation into [[Malayalam]] was written by C. Hamza, in 1995.<ref name="EJPH"/>

	This is called by many as a source book of struggle against European colonial history. It also is the oldest historical book on Kerala. It details the history of Kerala, on the arrival of Islam in Kerala through Malik ibn Dinar and the accompanying merchant caravan and the establishment of local Muslim communities headed by the jurists (qaadi) in various settlements from Tuticorin in the south to ~~Bhatkal in the north. It also~~ expounds the extent of good relations between the Zamorins of Calicut and between the Muslims. It traces the socio-cultural decay of the Muslim community and the consequential Portuguese piracy and occupation in Malabar. It prays for the prosperity of the Zamorins and exhorts for the struggle (jihad) of Muslims under the banner of the Zamorins of Calicut, against the Portuguese.<ref>[http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=1571159&programId=7940924&channelId=-1073881580&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=9 Manorama Online]. {{webarchive\|url=https://archive.is/20121209073215/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=1571159&programId=7940924&channelId=-1073881580&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=9 \|date=2012-12-09}}.</ref>		This is called by many as a source book of struggle against European colonial history. It also is the oldest historical book on Kerala. It details the history of Kerala, on the arrival of Islam in Kerala through Malik ibn Dinar and the accompanying merchant caravan and the establishment of local Muslim communities headed by the jurists (qaadi) in various settlements from Tuticorin in the south to expounds the extent of good relations between the Zamorins of Calicut and between the Muslims. It traces the socio-cultural decay of the Muslim community and the consequential Portuguese piracy and occupation in Malabar. It prays for the prosperity of the Zamorins and exhorts for the struggle (jihad) of Muslims under the banner of the Zamorins of Calicut, against the Portuguese.<ref>[http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=1571159&programId=7940924&channelId=-1073881580&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=9 Manorama Online]. {{webarchive\|url=https://archive.today/20121209073215/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=1571159&programId=7940924&channelId=-1073881580&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=9 \|date=2012-12-09}}.</ref>

	==Contents==		==Contents==
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	\| accessdate = 3 December 2020		\| accessdate = 3 December 2020
	\|isbn= 9789839154801}}		\|isbn= 9789839154801}}
			*S. Muhammad Hussain Nainer (2006). [https://books.google.com/books/about/Tuḥfat_Al_mujāhidīn.html?id=Xi9hMwAACAAJ&source=kp_book_description Tuḥfat Al-mujāhidīn: A Historical Epic of the Sixteenth Century.] Islamic Book Trust. {{ISBN\|9789839154801}}. (A revised edition based on Nainar's 1942 translation)

	==References==		==References==

imported>Kambliyil at 13:00, 14 May 2021

2021-05-14T13:00:53Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
''''Tuhfat al-Mujahidin fi ba‘d Akhbar al-Burtughaliyin'''' (Arabic:تحفة المجاهدين في بعض اخبار البرتغاليين, often shortened as ''''Tuhfat al-Mujahidin'''') is a historical work by [[Zainuddin Makhdoom II]] on the struggle between the [[Mappila]] Muslims of [[Malabar District|Malabar]] and [[South Canara]] and [[Portugal|Portuguese]] colonial forces in the 16th century. It is the first historical work of Kerala to be authored by a keralite. The book describes the resistance put up by the navy of [[Kunjali Marakkar]] alongside the [[Zamorin]] of [[Kozhikode|Calicut]] from 1498 to 1583 against Portuguese attempts to colonize the [[Malabar coast]]. Along with chronological events of the era, the book also provides an analysis of the events, as well as the lifestyle, customs and family structure of the people of the time.<ref name="Noorani"/><ref>[http://southasiaconference.wisc.edu/archive/2011/2011-Program.pdf The 16th Century Mappila Muslims’ Jihad against the Portuguese: Impact of Tuhfat al-Mujahidin fi ba‘d Akhbar al-Burtughaliyin], Jose Abraham, [[Concordia University]], 40th Annual Conference on South Asia, 2011 Center for South Asia
[[University of Wisconsin-Madison]].{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Summary==
[[Zainuddin Makhdoom II|Shaikh Zainuddin Makhdum]], born in 1517 AD, was a historian, and a religious scholar from [[Ponnani]]. Completed in 1583, his work Tuhfat is one of the few Asian sources that narrate the reaction of the Muslim populations of the Malabar coast to the Portuguese colonial expansion into the south west of India. It is also important as a pioneering work about the origins of the [[Mappila]] community in modern-day [[Kerala]]<ref name="EJPH"/> and has been reviewed as "a study in liberation theology of Islam".<ref name="Noorani"/> The work was translated into many European languages, notable among which are "História dos Portugueses no Malabar", by David Lopes in 1898 and the English translation by S. Muhammad Husayn Nainar, titled "Tuhfat al-Mujāhidīn: A Historical Epic of the Sixteenth Century" published in 1942 by the University of Madras. Another translation into [[Malayalam]] was written by C. Hamza, in 1995.<ref name="EJPH"/>

This is called by many as a source book of struggle against European colonial history. It also is the oldest historical book on Kerala. It details the history of Kerala, on the arrival of Islam in Kerala through Malik ibn Dinar and the accompanying merchant caravan and the establishment of local Muslim communities headed by the jurists (qaadi) in various settlements from Tuticorin in the south to Bhatkal in the north. It also expounds the extent of good relations between the Zamorins of Calicut and between the Muslims. It traces the socio-cultural decay of the Muslim community and the consequential Portuguese piracy and occupation in Malabar. It prays for the prosperity of the Zamorins and exhorts for the struggle (jihad) of Muslims under the banner of the Zamorins of Calicut, against the Portuguese.<ref>[http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=1571159&programId=7940924&channelId=-1073881580&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=9 Manorama Online]. {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20121209073215/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=1571159&programId=7940924&channelId=-1073881580&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=9 |date=2012-12-09}}.</ref>

==Contents==

Completed in 1583, the book was dedicated to the Sultan of [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur]] [[Ali Adil Shah I|Ali Adil Shah]]. The work is divided into four parts — the first discusses in detail about the Islamic concepts of [[Jihad]], followed by a look into history of the [[Mappila|Muslim community]] in the [[Malabar District|Malabar]]. It then describes the customs of the Hindu population of the Malabar at the time, and the final fourteen chapters narrate the history of the Portuguese in Malabar and the rise of the naval forces led by the [[Kunjali Marakkar]]s, from the arrival of the former towards the end of the fifteenth century till the Battle of [[Chaliyam]] of 1571.<ref name="EJPH">[http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue17/html/v9n1a06.html E-Journal of Portuguese History], [[Brown University]], Vol.9, number 1, Summer 2011.</ref>

==Reception==
[[P. Govinda Pillai]], a leading Marxian critic and journalist in Kerala, has called it "an important event not only in the historical studies of Kerala but in the history of Kerala historiography. This is the first work based on the history of Kerala authored by a Keralite, albeit in Arabic. Moreover, like Thucydides’ Peleponnesian War, Tuhfath is credited with extraordinary historicity, since the author narrates events in which he took part in many ways and which he witnessed".<ref name="Noorani">AG Noorani {{cite web|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2704/stories/20100226270407900.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221021629/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2704/stories/20100226270407900.htm |archive-date=2012-12-21 |df= }}</ref>

==Translations==
* {{Citation
| author = S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar | year=1942
| title= Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language | publisher=University of Madras
| url= https://archive.org/details/Tuhfat-al-MujahidinAnHistoricalWorkInTheArabicLanguage
| accessdate = 3 December 2020
|isbn= 9789839154801}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.twocircles.net/2008jan23/book_review_tribute_strugglers.html Book review: The Tribute to the Strugglers]

[[Category:History of Kerala]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Indian chronicles]]
[[Category:Historiography of India]]
[[Category:Books about India]]

Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen - Revision history

MarcyEdmond490: typo fix

->Rlink2: /* Summary */archive link repair, may include: archive.* -> archive.today, and http->https for ghostarchive.org and archive.org (wp:el#Specifying_protocols)

imported>Kambliyil at 13:00, 14 May 2021

->Rlink2: /* Summary /archive link repair, may include: archive. -> archive.today, and http->https for ghostarchive.org and archive.org (wp:el#Specifying_protocols)