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imported>Dl2000: Reverted edits by 2409:4050:E9D:191D:12B0:EF22:42AF:153D (talk) to last version by Gowhk8

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{{short description|Fort in Delhi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name = Tughlaqabad Fort
|native_name =
|partof = [[Delhi]]
|location = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
|image = Tuglagbad Fort Panorama.jpg
|caption = Panoramic view of the massive bastions of Tughlaqabad Fort
|map_type =
|map_size = 285
|map_caption =
|type = [[Ruined Fort]]
|coordinates=
|code =
|built = 14th century
|builder = [[Ghiyas-ud-din-Tughlaq]]
|materials = [[Granite]] [[rock (geology)|Stones]] and [[lime mortar]]
|height =
|used =
|demolished =
|condition = [[Ruins]]
|open_to_public =
|controlledby =
|garrison =
|current_commander =
|commanders =
|occupants =
|battles =
|events =
}}

'''Tughlaqabad Fort''' is a ruined [[fort]] in [[Delhi]], built by [[Ghiyas ud din Tughluq Shah I|Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq]], the founder of [[Tughlaq dynasty]], of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] of [[India]] in 1321, as he established the third historic city of Delhi, which was later abandoned in 1327. It lends its name to the nearby Tughlaqabad residential-commercial area as well as the Tughlaqabad Institutional Area. Tughlaq also built [[Qutub]]-[[Badarpur, Delhi|Badarpur]] Road, which connected the new city to the [[Grand Trunk Road]]. The road is now known as [[Mehrauli-Badarpur Road]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Delhi and its Neighbourhood|chapter=33. Badarpur|author=Y. D. Sharma|publisher=Director General, Archaeological Survey of India |year=1974|page=[https://archive.org/details/delhiitsneighbou00shar/page/105 105] |url=https://archive.org/details/delhiitsneighbou00shar}}</ref> The entry fee for the Fort is Rs. 20 for Indians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kahajaun.com/delhi/travel/monuments/395/tughlaqabad-fort-delhi/|title=Tughlaqabad Fort, Delhi Overview and Info|date=2 February 2019|access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref> Also, nearby is [[Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range]] and Okhla Industrial Area.

Surroundings are an important [[biodiversity]] area within the [[Aravalli Range#Northern Aravalli leopard wildlife corridor|Northern Aravalli leopard wildlife corridor]] stretching from [[Sariska Tiger Reserve]] to Delhi. Historical place around sanctuary are [[Badkhal Lake]] (6 km northeast), 10th century ancient [[Surajkund]] reservoir and [[Anangpur Dam]], [[Damdama Lake]], Tughlaqabad Fort and [[Jahanpanah#Adilabad|Adilabad ruins]] (both in Delhi).<ref name="Department of Forest, Delhi">[http://forest.delhigovt.nic.in/wildlife/asola.html#asola ASOLA BHATTI WILD LIFE SANCTUARY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816140938/http://forest.delhigovt.nic.in/wildlife/asola.html#asola |date=16 August 2011 }}, Department of Forest, Delhi Government</ref> It is contiguous to the seasonal [[Pali village#Pali jharna|waterfalls in Pali-Dhuaj-Kot villages of Faridabad]],<ref name=sura>{{Cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/punjab-and-haryana/faridabad/dam-will-be-maked-on-the-hills-of-pali-village/articleshow/70320771.cms|title=पाली गांव की पहाड़ियों पर बनेगा डैम, रोका जाएगा झरनों का पानी|website=Navbharat Times|access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref> the sacred [[Mangar Bani]] and the [[Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary]]. There are several dozen lakes formed in the abandoned [[Open-pit mining|open pit mines]] in the forested hilly area of [[Delhi Ridge

== History ==
[[File:Ruins of Tughlaqabad Fort with Ghiyas-ud-din’s tomb in the background 1949.jpg|thumb|Ruins of Tughlaqabad Fort with Ghiyas-ud-din’s tomb in the background, 1949]]
Ghazi Malik was a [[feudatory]] of the [[Khalji dynasty|Khalji]] rulers of Delhi, India. Khaliji dynasty is muslim dynasty which ruled India. Once while on a walk with his Khalji master, Ghazi Malik suggested that the king build a [[fort]] on a hillock in the southern portion of [[Delhi]]. The king jokingly told Ghazi Malik to build the fort himself when he would become king.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

In 1321, Ghazi Malik drove away the Khaljis and assumed the title of Ghias-ud-din Tughlaq, starting the [[Tughlaq dynasty]]. He immediately started the construction of his fabled city, which he dreamt of as an impregnable, yet beautiful fort to keep away the [[Mongol]] marauders. However, destiny would not be as he would have liked.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

=== The Curse of Nizamuddin Auliya ===
Ghias-ud-din is usually perceived as a liberal ruler. However, he was so passionate about his dream fort that he issued a [[edict|dictate]] that all labourers in Delhi must work on his fort. Saint [[Nizamuddin Auliya]], a Sufi mystic, got incensed as the work on his ''baoli'' (well) was stopped. The confrontation between the Sufi saint and the royal emperor has become a legend in India. The saint uttered a curse which was to resonate throughout history right until today.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

=== The Death of the ruler ===
Another of the saint's curses was '''Hunuz Dilli door ast''' (Delhi is still far away). The Emperor was engrossed in a campaign in [[Bengal]] at this time. He was successful and was on his way to Delhi. However, his son, [[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]], met him at [[Kara (Kaushambi)|Kara]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Allegedly at the prince's orders, a ''Shamiana'' ([[Tent]]) was made to fall on the Emperor, who was crushed to death (1324).

== Mausoleum of Ghiyas ud-Din Tughluq ==
[[File:Ghiyath aldin tughluq tomb.JPG|thumb|199x199px|right| ''[[Mausoleum of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]]'' at [[Tughluqabad]], also showing a side tomb.]]
The 'Mausoleum of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq' is connected by a causeway to the southern outpost of the fortification. This elevated causeway 600 ft in length, supported by 27 arches, leads across a former artificial lake, however sometime in 20th century portion of causeway was pierced by the [[Mehrauli]]-[[Badarpur, Delhi|Badarpur]] road.<ref>{{cite web| title = Modernity pierces fort link| publisher = Hindustan Times| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Modernity-pierces-fort-link/Article1-926849.aspx| date = 9 September 2012| access-date = 2013-09-23| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202516/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Modernity-pierces-fort-link/Article1-926849.aspx| archive-date = 31 October 2013}}</ref> After passing an old [[Pipal tree]], the complex of Ghiyas ud-din Tughluq's tomb is entered by a high gateway made up of red [[sandstone]] with a flight of steps.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}

The actual mausoleum is made up of a single-domed square [[tomb]] (about 8 m x8 m) with sloping walls crowned by [[parapet]]s. In contrast to the walls of the fortification made up of granite, the sides of the mausoleum are faced by smooth red sandstone and inlaid with inscribed panels and arch borders from [[marble]]. The edifice is topped by an elegant [[dome]] resting on an octagonal drum that is covered with white slabs of marble and slate.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}

[[File:GHIYĀTHU’D-DĪN TUGHLUQ’S TOMB 04.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Graves inside the [[Mausoleum of Ghiyas ud-din Tughluq|Mausoleum]]]]
Inside the mausoleum are three graves: The central one belongs to [[Ghiyas ud-din Tughluq]] and the other two are believed to be those of his wife and his son and successor [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]]. In the north-western [[bastion]] of the enclosure wall with its pillared corridors is another [[octagon]]al tomb in similar style with a smaller marble dome and inscribed marble and sandstone slabs over its arched doors. According to an [[inscription]] over its southern entrance this tomb houses the remains of [[Zafar Khan (general)|Zafar Khan]]. His grave has been at the site prior to the construction of the outpost and was consciously integrated into the design of the mausoleum by Ghiyath al-Din himself.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}
[[File:Graves of Ghiyas Ud Din, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq.jpg|thumb|Ghiyas Ud Din's Grave inside the Mausoleum]]

== Architecture ==
[[File:Tughlaqabad walls.jpg|thumb|200px|Tughlaqabad Fort walls by the Mehrauli-Badarpur Road.]]Tughluqabad still consists of remarkable, massive stone fortifications that surround the irregular ground plan of the city. The sloping rubble-filled city walls, a typical feature of monuments of the [[Tughluq dynasty]], are between 10 and 15 meters high, topped by battlemented [[parapet]]s and strengthened by circular [[bastion]]s of up to two stories height. The city is supposed to once have had as many as 52 gates of which only 13 remain today. The fortified city contained seven rainwater tanks.

Tughluqabad is divided into three parts:
# the wider city area with houses built along a rectangular grid between its gates
# the citadel with a tower at its highest point known as '''Bijai-Mandal''' and the remains of several halls and a long underground passage
# the adjacent palace area containing the royal residences. A long underground passage below the tower still remains.
[[File:Underground passage of Tuglaqabad fort.jpg|thumb|199x199px|Underground passage of Tughlaqabad fort]]
[[File:Meena Bazar in the Basement.jpg|thumb|Meena Bazar in the basement]]
Today most of the city is inaccessible due to dense thorny vegetation. An ever increasing part of the former city area is occupied by modern settlement, especially in the vicinity of its lakes.

South of Tughlaqabad was a vast artificial [[reservoir (water)|water reservoir]] within the fortified outpost of [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq's Tomb]]. This well preserved [[mausoleum]] remains connected to the fort by an elevated causeway that still stands today.

Well visible in the southeast are the remains of the [[Fortress of Adilabad]], built years later by Ghiyathu'd-Din's successor, Muhammad Tughluq (1325–1351) which shares the main characteristics of construction with Tughlaqabad fort.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tughlaqabad Fort {{!}} Fort Trek|url=https://www.forttrek.com/tughlaqabad-fort/|access-date=2021-01-23|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Ruined fort of Tughlaqabad.jpg|A view of ruined fort of Tughlaqabad during sunset
File:Tughluqabad encroaching settlements.JPG|Modern settlement activity spreading in the area of the old city just below the citadel
File:Ghiyath aldin tughluq tomb from tughluqabad.JPG|Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq's tomb as seen from Tughluqabad
File:Tughlaqabad massive fort wall.jpg|Tughlaqabad massive fort wall
File:South gate entry to Tughlaqbad fort.jpg|South gate entry to Tughlaqbad fort
File:Entrance of the Mausoleum of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq.jpg|Entrance of the Mausoleum of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
File:Tughlaq Tomb.jpg|Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq and his son Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
File:Well inside Tughlaqabad.jpg|A Well inside Tughlaqabad Fort
File:Tughlaqabad Fort Architecture.jpg|Tughlaqabad Fort Architecture
</gallery>

== See also ==
*[[History of Delhi]]

== References ==
{{commons category|Tughlaqabad Fort}}
{{reflist}}

{{Forts in India}}
{{Delhi landmarks}}
{{coord|28|30|43|N|77|15|39|E|source:frwiki_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1321]]
[[Category:Forts in Delhi]]
[[Category:Architecture of the Tughlaq dynasty]]
[[Category:Archaeological monuments in Delhi]]

Tughlaqabad Fort - Revision history

Thefacecentre: cleaned up content for consistency and improved wording

122.180.181.113 at 17:10, 27 July 2022

imported>Dl2000: Reverted edits by 2409:4050:E9D:191D:12B0:EF22:42AF:153D (talk) to last version by Gowhk8