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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Tsarap River/ {{Nobold|{{lang|ur|{{nq|صراف ندی}}}}}}
| name_native =
| name_native_lang =
| name_other = Tsarap Chu
| name_etymology =

| image = Zanskar Char 1.jpg
| image_size = 290 px
| image_caption = Tsarap River at village Char
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=

| subdivision_type1 = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_type3 = Region
| subdivision_name3 = [[Zanskar]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Kargil district|Kargil]]
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length = {{convert|182|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|208|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_max =

| source1 = {{Coord|32.69796|N|77.890177|E|display=inline,title}}
| source1_location = Pankpo La, [[Sarchu]]
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation = {{convert|4650|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth = {{Coord|33.515855|N|76.933805|E|display=inline}}
| mouth_location = [[Stod River]] together forms [[Zanskar River]] at [[Padum]] [[Zanskar]]
| mouth_coordinates =
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|3485|m|abbr=on}}
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left = [[Stod River]]
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}

The '''Tsarap River''' or the '''Tsarap Chu''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|صراف ندی}}}}), is a [[river]] {{convert|182|km}} long, which forms the eastern part of the [[Zanskar|Zanskar valley]], in the [[Ladakh]] union territory of [[India]].

== Geography ==
[[File:Zanskar vers Char.jpg|thumb|left|Tsarap River]]
The Tsarap River has its [[river source|source]] in the [[glacier]]s near Pankpo La Pass at the border of [[Ladakh]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name="Tsarap river source">{{cite book | author=India. Quarter Master General's Dept. Intelligence Branch | title=Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak: together with routes in the territories of the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wSFuAAAAMAAJ&q=source+of+Tsarap+river+sarchu | access-date=18 August 2012 | year=1991 | publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1991 | isbn=9789693501049 | page=-725}}</ref> After rising from its source, the Tsarap River flows north-east up to [[Sarchu]], a camping site at the [[Leh-Manali Highway]], here the Tsarap River joins a confluent of three rivers of Lingti, Yunan and Sarchu River.<ref name="Sarchu">{{cite book | author=Harish Kapadia | title=High Himalaya Unknown Valleys | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KNhJXSjSk70C&q=sarchu+Tsarap+river&pg=PA228 | access-date=18 August 2012 | year=2002 | publisher=Indus Publishing, 2002 | isbn=9788173871177 | page=-228}}</ref> At village Purne, the Tsarap River is joined by Kargyag River which originates near [[Shingo La]] pass.<ref name="Kargyag River">{{cite book | author=Outlook | title=Trekking holidays in India: 85 treks + 50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2gmCAAAAMAAJ&q=Kargyak+river | access-date=18 August 2012 | year=2005 | publisher=Outlook Pub. (India), 200 | isbn=9788189449001 | page=-71}}</ref> Then the Tsarap River flows down in the main Zanskar valley, through the towns of Mone, Tichip, Jamyang Lang, Dorzong and Chia. The river then passes a [[confluence]] with its [[tributary]], the [[Stod River]], at [[Padum]], the capital of [[Zanskar]]. Together, these two rivers form the [[Zanskar River]], a tributary of the [[Indus River]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourisminjammukashmir.com/zanskar-tour.htm|title=Tsarap a tributary of Zanskar river|publisher=tourisminjammukashmir|access-date=2012-08-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724044111/http://www.tourisminjammukashmir.com/zanskar-tour.htm|archive-date=24 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The Tsarap River contributes to the minimal agricultural production of the Zanskar valley, mainly to the lower areas of Chia, by providing irrigation to the fields of barley, wheat, buckwheat and peas.<ref name="agriculture in Tsarap">{{cite book | authors=Henry Osmaston, Nawang Tsering | title=Recent Research on Ladakh 6: Proceedings of the Sixth International Colloquium on Ladakh, Leh 1993 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4jX552GiSmYC&q=stod+river&pg=PA106 | access-date=18 August 2012 | year=1997 | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1997 | isbn=9788120814325 | page=-106}}</ref> Accessible in the summer, the [[Pensi La]] mountain pass which connects [[Zanskar]] with rest of the country, receives heavy snowfall along with the other pass [[Zojila]], which results in the valley being cut off during winter from rest of the state, with the river freezing during this season. The river source at Pankpo La near [[Sarchu]] lies {{convert|255|km}} southeast from the nearest airport of [[Leh]]. The Tsarap River is famous for adventure sports. Rafting events are organised in the Tsarap, Stod and the Zanskar rivers.<ref name="Rafting on Tsarap river">{{cite book | authors=Pippa de Bruyn, Niloufer Venkatraman, Keith Bain | title=Frommer's India Volume 187 of Frommer's Complete Guides | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3wKhPA0lfYC&q=doda+river&pg=PA500 | access-date=18 August 2012 | year=2006 | publisher=John Wiley & Sons, 2006 | isbn=9780471794349 | page=-500}}</ref>

==Landslide Dam==
[[File:Alchi Project.jpg|thumb|left|Alchi Hydroelectric Power Project down the river]]
[[File:Zanskar oli 2014335.jpg|thumb|right|Satellite image of the Tsarap River in December 2014 before the landslide]]
[[File:Zanskar oli 2015018.jpg|thumb|right|Satellite image of the Tsarap River in January 2015 showing the landslide and lake building up. In addition the river has frozen and has a covering of snow]]

A lake has been formed on the Tsarap River due to a [[landslide|landslide dam]] at {{coord|33|17|25|N|77|17|06|E|type:landmark_scale:1000|display=inline}}, {{convert|90|mi}} upstream (south) of [[Padum]] the commercial hub of [[Zanskar]]. The landslide, which occurred on 31 December 2014 between [[Shun Zanskar|Shun]] and [[Phuktal]] villages, was first noticed when the [[Alchi Hydroelectric Power Project]] down the river reported recession in water level. The dam created by the debris is {{convert|60|m|ft}} high, {{convert|90|m|ft}} wide and {{convert|600|m|ft}} long<ref>[http://www.nrsc.gov.in/Phutkal.html Phuktal River Blockade (Zanskar Region), Kargil District, Jammu & Kashmir]</ref> and the artificial lake is at 80% of the height of the debris. As of 1 February 2015, the artificial lake formed behind the dam is nearly {{convert|14|km}} long and covered about 110 hectares of land.<ref name="Zanskar">{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlife.net/post-zanskar-landslide-dc-kargil-chairs-an-emergency-review-meeting-72620/|title=Zanskar landslide DC Kargil chairs an emergency review meeting|date=February 2015|publisher=KashmirLife.net|access-date=2015-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Tsarap">{{cite web|url=http://www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=85149|title=Landslide in Northern India|date=27 January 2015|publisher=EarthObservatory.NASA|access-date=2015-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Tsarap Zanskar">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2015/01/27/tsarap-landslide-1/|title=New images of the landslide on the Tsarap River|date=27 January 2015|publisher=American Geophysical Union|access-date=2015-02-03}}</ref>

The material of barrier is believed to be of fine-grained with boulders having a narrow crest. A report submitted by local authorities prohibited the use of explosives to clear debris as it would trigger more landslides and aggravate the situation. They have called up on the [[National Disaster Management Authority (India)|National Disaster Management]] for assessment of the situation.<ref name="Tsarap Zanskar"/> According to the deputy collector of Zanskar, "The lake has been created around 90 km from the Padam area of Zanskar and beyond 43 km no one can go by foot. After consulting all local engineers, including Army engineers, we were not able to do anything".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2015/01/22/tsarap-river-zanskar-1/|title=The landslide on the Tsarap River in the Zanskar Valley|date=22 January 2015|publisher=American Geophysical Union|access-date=2015-02-03}}</ref> On 20 February 2015 the National Disaster Management after a ground survey submitted a report on which the Committee headed by the Union Cabinet Secretary deployed a team at the site to carry out controlled blasting and manual work to allow channelized flow of water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2015/Feb/21/phuktal-blockage-experts-to-explore-possibility-of-controlled-blasting-55.asp|title=Phutkal River Blockade|publisher=GreaterKashmir.com|access-date=2015-02-27}}</ref>

The severe temperatures in the region which are below -20 °C have frozen the lake and chances of a breach will rise with a rise in temperature in the following days. Authorities have closed down the old trade route, the [[Chadar Trek]] and have airlifted the people stranded therein to the safer places. People living in downstream areas of Tsarap have also been informed to move to higher and safer places. Control rooms have been set up at Padum and Phuktal to keep a close watch on the situation.<ref name="Zanskar"/><ref name="Tsarap"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2015/Jan/21/phutkal-river-blockade-centre-silent-as-expert-warns-of-catastrophic-flashfloods--20.asp|title=Phutkal River Blockade|publisher=GreaterKashmir.com|access-date=2015-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Tsarap Zanskar"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{commons category}}

{{Ladakh}}
{{Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Rivers of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Geography of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Indus basin]]
[[Category:Landslide-dammed lakes]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]

Tsarap River - Revision history

imported>Citation bot: Alter: url. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: date. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Anas1712 | Category:Landslide-dammed lakes | #UCB_Category 10/54