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			{{Short description\|Shawl and textile made in Nagaland}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Italic title|reason=[[:Category:Naga words and phrases]]}}
A '''''Tsüngkotepsü''''' is a warrior shawl created by the [[Ao Naga]]s of [[Nagaland]]. Traditionally, the ''Tsüngkotepsü'' could only be worn by warriors who had successfully taken the heads of enemy warriors,<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/wrapped-in-history/article6768824.ece|title=Wrapped in history|first1=Sangeetha Devi|last1=Dundoo|date=9 January 2015|website=Thehindu.com|accessdate=5 October 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> In modern times, the right to wear the ''Tsüngkotepsü'' is associated with performing a mithun sacrifice, a demonstration of wealth<ref name="auto"/> and are a distinctive symbol of the Ao Nagas.<ref name="ijsrp.org">{{cite journal|url=http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0813/ijsrp-p2017.pdf|format=PDF|journal=International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications|volume=3|date=August 2013|issn=2250-3153|title=Handcrafted Shawls of Nagaland|author1=Richa Prakash|author2=Sharada Devi|author3=D. Anitha}}</ref>

==History==
In pre-colonial Ao society, shawls were used as a marker of social status.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ignca.gov.in/craft256.htm|title=CRAFTS of North-East - Textiles of Nagaland|website=Ignca.gov.in|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> The ''Tsüngkotepsü'' was the highest-ranking male shawl.

==Design and symbolism==
The shawl is black and red striped with a single white stripe in the middle containing depictions of animals and other symbols and a brighter red region at the bottom.<ref name="ijsrp.org"/> There are symbols in the white region representing the sun, the moon and the stars, which represent the resulting fame of warriors who wear the shawl. There are also several animals depicted in the strip,<ref name="ijsrp.org"/> which are symbolic of the physical power and the valour of the warrior: a hornbill, a culturally significant bird whose feathers are used for decorative purpose in ceremonial costumes, is often depicted, as are mithun, which represent the wealth of the warrior. (as only wealthier members of the tribe could afford to rear mithun). A spear, dao and cock are common motifs in the section depicting the animals.<ref name="ijsrp.org"/>

The symbols in the white band are sometimes replaced with depictions of mithun, which also represent the wealth and success of the warrior, and there may be elephant and tiger pattern prints on the shawl to symbolise the strength of the warrior.<ref name="ijsrp.org"/>

==Cultural impact==
Various Naga ethnic groups are well-known for their shawls, and the ''Tsüngkotepsü'' is one of the most well-known examples.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theculturemaze.com/tsungkotepsu/|title=Tsungkotepsu Shawls, Other Weaves and Textiles from Nagaland, India|website=Theculturemaze.com|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref>

===''Every Time You Tell a Story''===
In January 2015, the filmmakers Ruchika Negi and Amit Mahanti produced a documentary about the ''Tsüngkotepsü'' titled ''Every Time You Tell a Story'', which aims to document and preserve the cultural tradition surrounding the shawl.<ref name="auto"/> The film was screened in March 2017 by the [[India Foundation for the Arts]].<ref name="IndiaFoundation">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaifa.org/events/every-time-you-tell-story-march-26-2015-mumbai.html|title=Every Time you Tell a Story - March 26, 2015 - Mumbai - India Foundation for the Arts|website=Indiaifa.org|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> The documentary claims to "offer an interpretation of history, a way of understanding the shifts that this shawl-making tradition has experienced when confronted with the certitudes of history – colonialism, new religion and assimilation in the Indian State."<ref name="IndiaFoundation"/>

==See also==
* [[Naga shawl]]
* [[Ao Naga]]
* [[Nagaland]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Culture of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Indian shawls and wraps]]
[[Category:Naga people]]

Tsüngkotepsü - Revision history

Vikibnf: minor edit

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article