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{{Short description|Species of aquatic plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image =
|image_caption =
|genus = Trithuria
|parent = Trithuria sect. Hamannia
|display_parents = 3
|species = konkanensis
|authority = [[Shrirang Ramchandra Yadav|S.R.Yadav]] & [[Malapati Kuppuswamy Janarthanam|Janarth.]]<ref name = "POWO" />
|synonyms =
|synonyms_ref =
|range_map = Konkan Division.png
|range_map_caption = ''Trithuria konkanensis'' is endemic to Konkan<ref name = "POWO" />
}}

'''''Trithuria konkanensis''''' is a species of aquatic plant in the family [[Hydatellaceae]] endemic to India.<ref name = "POWO">{{cite POWO |id=979103-1 |title=''Trithuria konkanensis'' S.R.Yadav & Janarth. |accessdate=7 November 2024}}</ref><ref name = "IFO" />

==Description==
===Vegetative characteristics===
It is an annual, green to red, aquatic, 1.3 cm tall herb with numerous linear, erect or spread out, 12 mm long, and 0.8 mm wide leaves produced on reduced stems. The roots are fibrous and unbranched.<ref name = "Yadav & Janarthanam, 1995">Yadav, S. R., & Janarthanam, M. K. (1995). [http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/bitstream/handle/unigoa/4132/Aqua-Planta_3(95)_1995_91-97.pdf?sequence=1 ''Trithuria konkanensis'' (Hydatellaceae), eine neue Art aus Indien.]</ref><ref name = "Yadav & Janarthanam, 1994" />
===Generative characteristics===
It is a monoecious species with numerous, bisexual reproductive units. The reproductive units consist of up to 2 mm long peduncles, two linear, 5 mm long, and 0.6 mm wide bracts, as well as 15-20 carpels, which surround the single, red, central stamen.<ref name = "Yadav & Janarthanam, 1994">Yadav, S. R., & Janarthanam, M. K. (1994). [http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/bitstream/handle/unigoa/650/Rheedea_4_17.pdf?sequence=1 Hydatellaceae: a new family to Indian flora with a new species.]</ref> The pollen grains are 16.1–21.1 μm long, and 14.6–18.1 μm wide.<ref name = "Remizowa et al., 2008" /> It can self-pollinate,<ref name = "Remizowa et al., 2008" /><ref name = "Iles et al., 2012">Iles, W. J., Rudall, P. J., Sokoloff, D. D., Remizowa, M. V., Macfarlane, T. D., Logacheva, M. D., & Graham, S. W. (2012). [https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3732/ajb.1100524 Molecular phylogenetics of Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales): Sexual-system homoplasy and a new sectional classification.] American Journal of Botany, 99(4), 663-676.</ref> but cross-pollination could possibly also occur.<ref name = "Remizowa et al., 2008" /> Flowering and fruiting occurs from August to September.<ref name = "IFO">Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. https://indiaflora-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Trithuria%20konkanensis Downloaded on 8 November 2024.</ref>

==Cytology==
It is a tetraploid species with a chromosome count of 2n = 40.<ref name = "Remizowa et al., 2008">Remizowa, M. V., Sokoloff, D. D., Macfarlane, T. D., Yadav, S. R., Prychid, C. J., & Rudall, P. J. (2008). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00173130802184214 Comparative pollen morphology in the early-divergent angiosperm family Hydatellaceae reveals variation at the infraspecific level.] Grana, 47(2), 81-100.</ref>

==Distribution==
It is endemic to India.<ref name = "POWO" /> This is unusual for its genus, as it is the only species occurring outside of Australia and New Zealand.<ref name = "Sokoloff et al., 2010">Sokoloff, D. D., Remizowa, M. V., Yadav, S. R., & Rudall, P. J. (2010). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Paula-Rudall/publication/261758119_Sokoloff_etal_2010_AustSystBot_Tkonkanensis/links/00b7d5356867a23ed2000000/Sokoloff-etal-2010-AustSystBot-Tkonkanensis.pdf Development of reproductive structures in the sole Indian species of Hydatellaceae, ''Trithuria konkanensis'', and its morphological differences from Australian taxa.] Australian Systematic Botany, 23(4), 217-228.</ref>

==Taxonomy==
It was described by [[Shrirang Ramchandra Yadav]] and [[Malapati Kuppuswamy Janarthanam]] in 1994.<ref name = "Yadav & Janarthanam, 1994" /><ref name = "POWO" /> The type specimen was collected by S. R. Yadav and M. K. Janarthanam in Maharashtra, India on the 20th of September 1993.<ref name = "Yadav & Janarthanam, 1994" /> It is placed in [[Trithuria sect. Hamannia|''Trithuria'' sect. ''Hamannia'']].<ref name = "Iles et al., 2012" /><ref name = "Sokoloff et al., 2013">Sokoloff, D. D., Remizowa, M. V., Beer, A. S., Yadav, S. R., Macfarlane, T. D., Ramsay, M. M., & Rudall, P. J. (2013). Impact of spatial constraints during seed germination on the evolution of angiosperm cotyledons: A case study from tropical hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales). American Journal of Botany, 100(5), 824–843. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23434582</ref>

==Etymology==
The specific epithet ''konkanensis'' references the [[Konkan]] region, from which the type specimen was collected.<ref name = "Yadav & Janarthanam, 1994" />

==Ecology==
Its habitat consists of ephemeral bodies of water. The substrate is sand and gravel. It occurs sympatrically with ''[[Utricularia]]'', ''[[Cyperus]]'', ''[[Dimeria]]'', and ''[[Eriocaulon]]''.<ref name = "Yadav & Janarthanam, 1994" /> The temperature in its habitat ranges from 18 to 35 °C.<ref name = "Yadav & Janarthanam, 1995" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q17253585}}

[[Category:Trithuria|konkanensis]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1994]]
[[Category:Freshwater plants]]
[[Category:Flora of India]]

Trithuria konkanensis - Revision history

Creativesketchbook at 16:16, 8 June 2025