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	==References==		==References==
	*{{Citation \| last = Kittel \| first = Ferdinand \| authorlink = Ferdinand Kittel \| title = Nāgavarma's Canarese Prosody \| year = 1875 \| publisher = Mangalore: Basel Mission Book and Tract Depository. Pp. 104. (Reprinted, (1988) New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. Pp. 160)\|isbn = 81-206-0367-2 \| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=75FVAV4ge6EC}}		*{{Citation \| last = Kittel \| first = Ferdinand \| authorlink = Ferdinand Kittel \| title = Nāgavarma's Canarese Prosody \| year = 1875 \| publisher = Mangalore: Basel Mission Book and Tract Depository. Pp. 104. (Reprinted, (1988) New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. Pp. 160)\|isbn = 81-206-0367-2 \| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=75FVAV4ge6EC}}
	*{{Citation\| last = Narasimhia \| first = A. N. \| title = A Grammar of the Oldest Kanarese Inscriptions (including a study of the Sanskrit and Prakrit loan words \| year = 1941 \| publisher = Originally published: Mysore: University of Mysore. Pp. 375. Reprinted in 2007: Read Books. Pp. 416 \|isbn = 1-4067-6568-6 \| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LvkODkXF2-AC~~&dq~~}}		*{{Citation\| last = Narasimhia \| first = A. N. \| title = A Grammar of the Oldest Kanarese Inscriptions (including a study of the Sanskrit and Prakrit loan words \| year = 1941 \| publisher = Originally published: Mysore: University of Mysore. Pp. 375. Reprinted in 2007: Read Books. Pp. 416 \|isbn = 1-4067-6568-6 \| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LvkODkXF2-AC}}

	[[Category:Kannada literature]]		[[Category:Kannada literature]]
	[[Category:Kannada grammar]]		[[Category:Kannada grammar]]
	[[Category:Literature of Karnataka]]		[[Category:Literature of Karnataka]]

imported>Dl2000: en-IN

2019-12-30T02:44:08Z

en-IN

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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
'''Tripadi''' ([[Kannada]], lit. ''tri'': three, ''pad'' or "adi": feet) is a native [[Meter (poetry)|metre]] in the [[Kannada language]] dating back to c. 700 CE.

==Definition==

The ''tripadi'' consists of three lines, each differing from the others in the number of [[Foot (prosody)|feet]] and [[Mora (linguistics)|mora]]s ([[Sanskrit]] ''matras''),<ref name=tripadi-def>{{Harvnb|Kittel|1875|p=98}}, {{Harvnb|Narasimhia|1941|p=383}}</ref> but in accordance with the following rules:

*The first line has 4 feet, each with 5 moras, and a [[caesura]] at the end of the second foot.<ref name=tripadi-def/>
*The 6th and 10th [[Foot (prosody)|feet]] of the ''tripadi'' are each required to have the [[Meter (poetry)|metrical pattern]] of a ''[[Brahma]]'' foot:

<math> -\smile \ \mathrm{or} \ \smile\smile\smile \ \mathrm{or} \ -- \ \mathrm{or} \ \smile\smile- \ \ </math>

where <math>\smile</math> ([[breve]]) denotes a short syllable, and <math>-</math> ([[Macron (diacritic)|macron]]) a long one.
*The remaining feet have either 5 moras or 4, chosen to satisfy the rules of [[Nagavarma II]]:<ref name=tripadi-def/>

'''Line 1''' 20 moras in four feet 
'''Line 2''' 17 moras in four feet 
'''Line 3''' 13 moras in three feet.

*There is [[alliteration]] of the second letter of each line.

==Metrical structure==

An example, of a possible [[scansion]] (metrical structure) of a tripadi, is given in {{Harv|Kittel|1875|p=98}}, where it is also stressed that it is ''not'' the form of the moras, but the ''number'' that is important. (Here * denotes a [[caesura]])

<math> \overbrace{\smile \smile \smile-}^{\mathrm{Foot 1}} | \overbrace{\smile\smile\smile-}^{\mathrm{Foot 2}} \star \overbrace{\smile\smile\smile-}^{\mathrm{Foot 3}} | \overbrace{-\smile-}^{\mathrm{Foot 4}}</math> (Line 1: 20 [[Mora (linguistics)|mora]]s in 4 feet)

<math> \overbrace{\smile \smile \smile\smile}^{\mathrm{Foot 5}} | \overbrace{\underbrace{--}_{\mathrm{Brahma}}}^{\mathrm{Foot VI}} | \overbrace{\smile\smile\smile-}^{\mathrm{Foot 7}} | \overbrace{\smile\smile\smile\smile}^{\mathrm{Foot 8}}</math> (Line 2: 17 [[Mora (linguistics)|mora]]s in 4 feet)

<math> \overbrace{\smile \smile \smile\smile}^{\mathrm{Foot 9}} | \overbrace{\underbrace{--}_{\mathrm{Brahma}}}^{\mathrm{Foot X}} | \overbrace{\smile\smile\smile-}^{\mathrm{Foot 11}} || </math> (Line 3: 13 [[Mora (linguistics)|mora]]s in 3 feet)

Another example {{Harv|Kittel|1875|p=99}} is:

<math> \overbrace{\smile \smile-\smile}^{\mathrm{Foot 1}} | \overbrace{--\smile}^{\mathrm{Foot 2}} \star \overbrace{\smile\smile-\smile}^{\mathrm{Foot 3}} | \overbrace{-\smile-}^{\mathrm{Foot 4}}</math> (Line 1: 20 [[Mora (linguistics)|mora]]s in 4 feet)

<math> \overbrace{\smile \smile \smile\smile}^{\mathrm{Foot 5}} | \overbrace{\underbrace{-\smile}_{\mathrm{Brahma}}}^{\mathrm{Foot VI}} | \overbrace{\smile\smile-\smile}^{\mathrm{Foot 7}} | \overbrace{-\smile\smile\smile}^{\mathrm{Foot 8}}</math> (Line 2: 17 [[Mora (linguistics)|mora]]s in 4 feet)

<math> \overbrace{\smile \smile -\smile}^{\mathrm{Foot 9}} | \overbrace{\underbrace{-\smile}_{\mathrm{Brahma}}}^{\mathrm{Foot X}} | \overbrace{\smile\smile\smile-}^{\mathrm{Foot 11}} || </math> (Line 3: 13 [[Mora (linguistics)|mora]]s in 3 feet)

==Example==

A well-known example of the ''tripadi'' is the third stanza in the inscription of [[Kappe Arabhatta]] (here the symbol '''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''' denotes the end of a line, and '''<nowiki>||</nowiki>''', the end of the tripadi): {{quotation|Sādhuge1a Sādhu1b mādhuryange1c mādhuryam1d '''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''' bādhippa1e kalige2a kaliyuga2b viparītan2b '''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''' mādhavan2c ītan2d pe''r''an2e alla2f '''<nowiki>||</nowiki>'''}}

The literal translation of the tripadi is:<ref>{{Harvnb|Narasimhia|1941|pp=346, 329, 323, 295, 286, 320, 278}}</ref> {{quotation|To the good people,1a good;1b to the sweet,1c sweetness;1d '''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''' causing distress1e
to the kali age,2a an exceptional man in ''Kaliyuga'',2b '''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''' [[Madhava (Vishnu)|Madhava]] (or [[Vishnu]])2c this man,2d another2e is not2f'''<nowiki>||</nowiki>'''}}

==See also==
*[[Kannada language]]
*[[Kannada literature]]
*[[Kannada meter (poetry)]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
*{{Citation | last = Kittel | first = Ferdinand | authorlink = Ferdinand Kittel | title = Nāgavarma's Canarese Prosody | year = 1875 | publisher = Mangalore: Basel Mission Book and Tract Depository. Pp. 104. (Reprinted, (1988) New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. Pp. 160)|isbn = 81-206-0367-2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=75FVAV4ge6EC}}
*{{Citation| last = Narasimhia | first = A. N. | title = A Grammar of the Oldest Kanarese Inscriptions (including a study of the Sanskrit and Prakrit loan words | year = 1941 | publisher = Originally published: Mysore: University of Mysore. Pp. 375. Reprinted in 2007: Read Books. Pp. 416 |isbn = 1-4067-6568-6 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LvkODkXF2-AC&dq}}

[[Category:Kannada literature]]
[[Category:Kannada grammar]]
[[Category:Literature of Karnataka]]

Tripadi - Revision history

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