Trinity of Carnatic music - Revision history

MattPinto5: adjust information further and improved wording per sources

2026-01-15T09:01:56Z

adjust information further and improved wording per sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:31, 15 January 2026
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			{{Short description\|Three composers in 18th-century India}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2014}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2014}}
	The '''Trinity of Carnatic ~~music~~''', also known as '''~~The~~ Three Jewels of Carnatic ~~music~~''', ~~refer~~ to the outstanding trio of [[composers\|composer]]-musicians of [[Carnatic music]] in the 18th century~~, being~~ [[Tyagaraja]], [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] and [[Syama Sastri]]. Prolific in composition, the Trinity of Carnatic music ~~are~~ known for creating a new era in the history of ~~Carnatic~~ music by bringing about a noticeable change in what was the existing ~~Carnatic~~ music tradition.<ref name="panikkar44">[[#Panikkar2002\|Panikkar (2002)]], p44</ref> Compositions of the Trinity of Carnatic music are recognized as being distinct in style, and original in handling [[ragas]].<ref name="panikkar44"/> All three composers were born in [[Thiruvarur]], formerly part of [[Thanjavur]] ~~District~~ in [[Tamilnadu]].<ref>http://travel.sulekha.com/thiruvarur-a-land-of-culture-and-carnatic-music_travelogue_600372</ref> [[M. S. Subbulakshmi\|M. S. Subbalakshmi]], [[D. K. Pattammal]], and [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]], who are ~~Carnatic~~ musicians of the 20th century, are popularly referred to as the female Trinity of Carnatic ~~music~~.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xTVWAAAAYAAJ\|title=India Today\|date=2009\|publisher=Thomson Living Media India Limited\|volume=34\|pages=16\|language=en\|quote=D.K. Pattammal 90, who along with M.S. Subbulakshmi and M.L. Vasanthakumar formed the female trinity' of Carnatic\|issue=27–35}}</ref>		The '''Trinity of Carnatic Music''', also known as the '''Three Jewels of Carnatic Music''', refers to the outstanding trio of [[composers\|composer]]-musicians of [[Carnatic music]] in the 18th century{{Em dash}}[[Tyagaraja]], [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]], and [[Syama Sastri]]. Prolific in composition, the Trinity of Carnatic music is known for creating a new era in the history of carnatic music by bringing about a noticeable change in what was the existing carnatic music tradition.<ref name="panikkar44">[[#Panikkar2002\|Panikkar (2002)]], p44</ref> Compositions of the Trinity of Carnatic music are recognized as being distinct in style, and original in handling [[ragas]].<ref name="panikkar44" /> All three composers were born in [[Thiruvarur]], a town formerly part of the [[Thanjavur district\|Thanjavur District]] in [[Tamilnadu]].<ref>http://travel.sulekha.com/thiruvarur-a-land-of-culture-and-carnatic-music_travelogue_600372 {{Dead link\|date=February 2022}}</ref> [[M. S. Subbulakshmi\|M. S. Subbalakshmi]], [[D. K. Pattammal]], and [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]], who are carnatic musicians of the 20th century, are popularly referred to as the female Trinity of Carnatic Music.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xTVWAAAAYAAJ\|title=India Today\|date=2009\|publisher=Thomson Living Media India Limited\|volume=34\|pages=16\|language=en\|quote=D.K. Pattammal 90, who along with M.S. Subbulakshmi and M.L. Vasanthakumar formed the female trinity' of Carnatic\|issue=27–35}}</ref>

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	! Name !! Years !! ~~Most~~ Compositions !! Mudra !! Known ~~For~~		! Name !! Years !! Language of Compositions !! Mudra !! Known for
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[~~Shyama Shastri~~]] \|\| 1762–1827 \|\| Telugu, Sanskrit~~, Goddess [[Kamakshi]]~~ \|\| Śyāma Krishna \|\| Complex Talas, [[Swarajati]]		\| [[Syama Sastri]]\|\| 1762–1827 \|\| Telugu and Sanskrit \|\| Śyāma Krishna \|\| Complex Talas, [[Swarajati]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Tyagaraja]] \|\| 1767–1847 \|\| Telugu~~, [[Lord Rama]]~~ \|\| Tyagaraja \|\| [[Pancharatna Kritis]]		\| [[Tyagaraja]] \|\| 1767–1847 \|\| Telugu and Sanskrit \|\| Tyagaraja \|\| [[Pancharatna Kritis]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] \|\| 1775–1835 \|\| Sanskrit~~, Manipravalam (Tamil and Sanskrit)~~ [[~~Glossary of Carnatic music#Kāla\|Chowka Kala~~]] \|\| Guruguha \|\| [[Nottuswara]], [[Navagraha Kritis]]		\| [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] \|\| 1775–1835 \|\| Sanskrit; Some in [[Manipravalam]] \|\| Guruguha \|\| [[Nottuswara]], [[Navagraha Kritis]]
	\|}		\|}

	==Compositions==		==Compositions==
	Muthuswami Dikshitar mainly composed in [[Sanskrit]] and Manipravalam ~~(Tamil and Sanskrit)~~, while Tyagaraja and Syama Sastri mainly composed in [[Telugu ~~language\|Telugu]]~~.<ref name="panikkar44"/>		Muthuswami Dikshitar mainly composed mainly in Sanskrit and some in Manipravalam, while Tyagaraja and Syama Sastri mainly composed in Telugu and Sanskrit.<ref name="panikkar44"/>

	===Ragas and talas===		===Ragas and talas===
	The Trinity of Carnatic music composed new ragas and talas, and had a remarkable ability to introduce innovations within the same raga.<ref name="panikkar44"/>		The Trinity of Carnatic music<ref>{{Cite web \|last=John \|first=Serah \|date=2025-12-03 \|title=The Trinity of Carnatic Music Explained - Music Pandit \|url=https://www.musicpandit.com/resources/articles/the-trinity-of-carnatic-music/ \|access-date=2026-01-15 \|website=Music Pandit Online Music School \|language=en-US}}</ref> composed new ragas and talas, and had a remarkable ability to introduce innovations within the same raga.<ref name="panikkar44"/>

	Compositions of Syama Sastri in 'apoorva' ragas like ''Chinthamani'', and ''Kalagada'' evidence his originality and genius in discovering new forms in Carnatic music.<ref name="panikkar44"/> The creative ability of Syama Sastri is possibly best exampled in his concert-contest against Kesavvaya, a great Carnatic musician from [[Bobbili]].<ref name="panikkar44"/> During this contest which took place at the court of the king of [[Thanjavur]], although Kesavayya sang a rare ''raga'' followed by a ''tana'' in different ''jathis'' and ''gathis'', Syama Sastri reproduced similar ''tana'' varieties, and to the delight of the audience, went further to introduce other varieties which were not known to Kesavvaya.<ref name="panikkar44"/>		Compositions of Syama Sastri in 'apoorva' ragas like ''Chinthamani'', and ''Kalagada'' evidence his originality and genius in discovering new forms in Carnatic music.<ref name="panikkar44"/> The creative ability of Syama Sastri is possibly best exampled in his concert-contest against Kesavvaya, a great Carnatic musician from [[Bobbili]].<ref name="panikkar44"/> During this contest which took place at the court of the king of [[Thanjavur]], although Kesavayya sang a rare ''raga'' followed by a ''tana'' in different ''jathis'' and ''gathis'', Syama Sastri reproduced similar ''tana'' varieties, and to the delight of the audience, went further to introduce other varieties which were not known to Kesavvaya.<ref name="panikkar44"/>
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	* [[List of Carnatic composers]]		* [[List of Carnatic composers]]
			* [[List of composers who created ragas]]
	* [[List of Carnatic instrumentalists]]		* [[List of Carnatic instrumentalists]]
	* The [[Tamil Trinity]]		* The [[Tamil Trinity]]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:40, 9 October 2021
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2014}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2014}}
	The '''Trinity of Carnatic music''', also known as '''The Three Jewels of Carnatic music''', refer to the outstanding trio of [[composers\|composer]]-musicians of [[Carnatic music]] in the 18th century, being [[Tyagaraja]], [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] and [[Syama Sastri]]. Prolific in composition, the Trinity of Carnatic music are known for creating a new era in the history of Carnatic music by bringing about a noticeable change in what was the existing Carnatic music tradition.<ref name="panikkar44">[[#Panikkar2002\|Panikkar (2002)]], p44</ref> Compositions of the Trinity of Carnatic music are recognized as being distinct in style, and original in handling [[ragas]].<ref name="panikkar44"/> All three composers were born in [[Thiruvarur]], formerly part of [[Thanjavur]] District in [[Tamilnadu]].<ref>http://travel.sulekha.com/thiruvarur-a-land-of-culture-and-carnatic-music_travelogue_600372</ref> [[M. S. Subbulakshmi\|M. S. Subbalakshmi]], [[D. K. Pattammal]], and [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]], who are Carnatic musicians of the 20th century, are popularly referred to as the female Trinity of Carnatic music.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xTVWAAAAYAAJ~~&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=~~\|title=India Today\|date=2009\|publisher=Thomson Living Media India Limited\|volume=34\|pages=16\|language=en\|quote=D.K. Pattammal 90, who along with M.S. Subbulakshmi and M.L. Vasanthakumar formed the female trinity' of Carnatic\|issue=~~27-35~~}}</ref>		The '''Trinity of Carnatic music''', also known as '''The Three Jewels of Carnatic music''', refer to the outstanding trio of [[composers\|composer]]-musicians of [[Carnatic music]] in the 18th century, being [[Tyagaraja]], [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] and [[Syama Sastri]]. Prolific in composition, the Trinity of Carnatic music are known for creating a new era in the history of Carnatic music by bringing about a noticeable change in what was the existing Carnatic music tradition.<ref name="panikkar44">[[#Panikkar2002\|Panikkar (2002)]], p44</ref> Compositions of the Trinity of Carnatic music are recognized as being distinct in style, and original in handling [[ragas]].<ref name="panikkar44"/> All three composers were born in [[Thiruvarur]], formerly part of [[Thanjavur]] District in [[Tamilnadu]].<ref>http://travel.sulekha.com/thiruvarur-a-land-of-culture-and-carnatic-music_travelogue_600372</ref> [[M. S. Subbulakshmi\|M. S. Subbalakshmi]], [[D. K. Pattammal]], and [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]], who are Carnatic musicians of the 20th century, are popularly referred to as the female Trinity of Carnatic music.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xTVWAAAAYAAJ\|title=India Today\|date=2009\|publisher=Thomson Living Media India Limited\|volume=34\|pages=16\|language=en\|quote=D.K. Pattammal 90, who along with M.S. Subbulakshmi and M.L. Vasanthakumar formed the female trinity' of Carnatic\|issue=27–35}}</ref>

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	! Name !! Years !! Most Compositions !! Mudra !! Known For		! Name !! Years !! Most Compositions !! Mudra !! Known For
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Shyama Shastri]] \|\| 1762–1827 \|\| Telugu, Sanskrit, Goddess Kamakshi \|\| Śyāma Krishna \|\| Complex Talas, [[Swarajati]]		\| [[Shyama Shastri]] \|\| 1762–1827 \|\| Telugu, Sanskrit, Goddess [[Kamakshi]] \|\| Śyāma Krishna \|\| Complex Talas, [[Swarajati]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Tyagaraja]] \|\| 1767–1847 \|\| Telugu, Lord Rama \|\| Tyagaraja \|\| [[Pancharatna Kritis]]		\| [[Tyagaraja]] \|\| 1767–1847 \|\| Telugu, [[Lord Rama]] \|\| Tyagaraja \|\| [[Pancharatna Kritis]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] \|\| 1775–1835 \|\| Sanskrit, Manipravalam ( Tamil and Sanskrit ) [[Glossary of Carnatic music#Kāla\|Chowka Kala]] \|\| Guruguha \|\| [[Nottuswara]], [[Navagraha Kritis]]		\| [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] \|\| 1775–1835 \|\| Sanskrit, Manipravalam (Tamil and Sanskrit) [[Glossary of Carnatic music#Kāla\|Chowka Kala]] \|\| Guruguha \|\| [[Nottuswara]], [[Navagraha Kritis]]
	\|}		\|}

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	* [[List of Carnatic composers]]		* [[List of Carnatic composers]]
	* [[List of Carnatic instrumentalists]]		* [[List of Carnatic instrumentalists]]
	* [[Tamil Trinity]] ~~of Carnatic music~~		* The [[Tamil Trinity]]

	==Notes==		==Notes==
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	{{Carnatic-music-stub}}		{{Carnatic-music-stub}}
	~~{{en-Wikipedia}}~~

CleanupBot: /* References */clean up, add source tag

2021-06-02T18:51:02Z

References: clean up, add source tag

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:21, 3 June 2021
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	{{Carnatic-music-stub}}		{{Carnatic-music-stub}}
			{{en-Wikipedia}}

>LovSLif: female trinity

2021-03-05T23:44:32Z

female trinity

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
The '''Trinity of Carnatic music''', also known as '''The Three Jewels of Carnatic music''', refer to the outstanding trio of [[composers|composer]]-musicians of [[Carnatic music]] in the 18th century, being [[Tyagaraja]], [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] and [[Syama Sastri]]. Prolific in composition, the Trinity of Carnatic music are known for creating a new era in the history of Carnatic music by bringing about a noticeable change in what was the existing Carnatic music tradition.<ref name="panikkar44">[[#Panikkar2002|Panikkar (2002)]], p44</ref> Compositions of the Trinity of Carnatic music are recognized as being distinct in style, and original in handling [[ragas]].<ref name="panikkar44"/> All three composers were born in [[Thiruvarur]], formerly part of [[Thanjavur]] District in [[Tamilnadu]].<ref>http://travel.sulekha.com/thiruvarur-a-land-of-culture-and-carnatic-music_travelogue_600372</ref> [[M. S. Subbulakshmi|M. S. Subbalakshmi]], [[D. K. Pattammal]], and [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]], who are Carnatic musicians of the 20th century, are popularly referred to as the female Trinity of Carnatic music.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xTVWAAAAYAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=|title=India Today|date=2009|publisher=Thomson Living Media India Limited|volume=34|pages=16|language=en|quote=D.K. Pattammal 90, who along with M.S. Subbulakshmi and M.L. Vasanthakumar formed the female trinity' of Carnatic|issue=27-35}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years !! Most Compositions !! Mudra !! Known For
|-
| [[Shyama Shastri]] || 1762–1827 || Telugu, Sanskrit, Goddess Kamakshi || Śyāma Krishna || Complex Talas, [[Swarajati]]
|-
| [[Tyagaraja]] || 1767–1847 || Telugu, Lord Rama || Tyagaraja || [[Pancharatna Kritis]]
|-
| [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] || 1775–1835 || Sanskrit, Manipravalam ( Tamil and Sanskrit ) [[Glossary of Carnatic music#Kāla|Chowka Kala]] || Guruguha || [[Nottuswara]], [[Navagraha Kritis]]
|}

==Compositions==
Muthuswami Dikshitar mainly composed in [[Sanskrit]] and Manipravalam (Tamil and Sanskrit), while Tyagaraja and Syama Sastri mainly composed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]].<ref name="panikkar44"/>

===Ragas and talas===
The Trinity of Carnatic music composed new ragas and talas, and had a remarkable ability to introduce innovations within the same raga.<ref name="panikkar44"/>

Compositions of Syama Sastri in 'apoorva' ragas like ''Chinthamani'', and ''Kalagada'' evidence his originality and genius in discovering new forms in Carnatic music.<ref name="panikkar44"/> The creative ability of Syama Sastri is possibly best exampled in his concert-contest against Kesavvaya, a great Carnatic musician from [[Bobbili]].<ref name="panikkar44"/> During this contest which took place at the court of the king of [[Thanjavur]], although Kesavayya sang a rare ''raga'' followed by a ''tana'' in different ''jathis'' and ''gathis'', Syama Sastri reproduced similar ''tana'' varieties, and to the delight of the audience, went further to introduce other varieties which were not known to Kesavvaya.<ref name="panikkar44"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Music}}

* [[List of Carnatic composers]]
* [[List of Carnatic instrumentalists]]
* [[Tamil Trinity]] of Carnatic music

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* {{cite book|title=Culture, Ideology, Hegemony: Intellectuals and Social Consciousness in Colonial India|last=Panikkar|first=K N|year=2002|publisher=Anthem Press – Wimbledon Publishing Company|location=London|ref=Panikkar2002}}

[[Category:Carnatic music]]

{{Carnatic-music-stub}}