Trilokinath Temple at Tunde - Revision history

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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
[[File:Trilokinath street and temple.jpg|thumb|300px|Trilokinath street and temple.]]
The '''Sri Trilokinath ji '''Temple is in a village of same name 6 km south of the left bank of the ''{{IAST2|Chaṅdrābhāgā}}'' or [[Chenab River]], and about 9 km from the village of Udaipur, in the [[Lahul and Spiti]] District of [[Himachal Pradesh]], India. It is sacred to both [[Tibetan Buddhists]] and [[Hindus]]. The glittering white-painted temple is situated on a cliff at the end of a village street. Its altitude is 2,760 metres (9,055 ft).<ref>Dare et al (2009), p. 563,</ref>

==Name==
'Trilokinath' is one of the names of the Hindu god, Shiva, meaning the "Leader of the Trinity". but local tradition clearly states that it was originally a Buddhist [[vihara]] or monastery, although nothing remains of the original building.<ref>Handa (1987), pp. 74.</ref>

==History==
[[File:Trilokinath - pilgrims.jpg|thumb|200px|Pilgrims at Trilokinath.]]
[[File:Trilokinath - prayer wheel.jpg|thumb|left|140px|Buddhist prayer wheel at Tilokinath.]]
[[File:Trilokinath temple courtyard.jpg|thumb|200px|Shrine for [[Shiva]]'s [[lingam]] and bull [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] in courtyard.]]

There is apparently nothing left of the original temple structure, but there is a strong local tradition that says Trilokinath was originally a Buddhist [[vihara]]. The temple had a marble statue of a six-headed [[Avalokiteshvara]] which was stolen decades ago<ref>Handa (1987), p. 74.</ref> and replaced initially with a crude image made of grey stone, and later with the present six-armed white marble Avalokiteshvara, which is attributed by some to the 12th century.<ref>Dare et al (2009), p. 564.</ref> It is revered as Avalokiteshvara by Buddhists and as Shiva by Hindus and is crowned with an image of [[Amitabha]] Buddha - the 'Buddha of Boundless Light.'<ref>Mitra (2007), p. 178.</ref>

The original image is said to have been [[coeval]] with the Avalokiteshvara head found near the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers and is now housed at the Guru Ghantal or [[Gandhola Monastery]]. This head has been claimed to date to the time of [[Nagarjuna]] (2nd century CE)<ref>Handa (1987), pp. 51-52, 74.</ref> which may indicate some connection with the famous Kanika ([[Kanishka]]) [[stupa]] at [[Sani Monastery]] in nearby [[Zangskar]]. Handa, though, both these images can be dated on stylistic grounds to around the 8th century or a century earlier.<ref>Handa (2005), p. 117.</ref>

Hutchinson and Vogel speculate that it was originally a Shiva temple but was made into a Buddhist place of worship by [[Padmasambhava]] in the 8th century. They also state that the "Guru Ghantal white marble head is of the same workmanship as the Trilokinath image, and both are of the same [[Boddhisatva]]."<ref>Hutchinson and Vogel (1933), Vol. II, p. 475.</ref>

<blockquote>A popular story says that a [[Kulu, Konya|Kulu]] [[Raja]] reached Trilokinath and tried to carry off the idol, but was defeated in the attempt, as the stone became too heavy to move. There is a mark on the right leg of the marble figure, which is said to have resulted from a sword blow by a Kullu soldier of the time.<ref>Hutchinson and Vogel (1933), Vol. II, pp. 480-481.</ref></blockquote>

The original temple columns date from the time of King [[Lalitaditya]] in the 9th century CE. At the courtyard are large Buddhist prayer wheels and a granite [[lingam]] and small [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] (bull) representing Shiva, while the ancient wooden pagoda-style temple is decorated with Tibetan prayer flags. Both Hindus and Buddhists celebrate the three-day '''Pauri Festival''' here in August.<ref>Dare et al (2009), p. 564.</ref>

Typical of the style introduced in the region during the 7th to 8th centuries, this temple consists of a curvilinear stone tower ''[[Sikhara|shikhara]]'' crowned with the characteristic ''amalka'' (imitating a segmented gourd). Unlike the temples on the plains there is no pillared hall ''[[mandapa]]'' in the hill temples perhaps due to the lack of clear ground.<ref>http://hplahaulspiti.nic.in/TouristPlaces.htm#Trilokinath_temple {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620081647/http://hplahaulspiti.nic.in/TouristPlaces.htm#Trilokinath_temple |date=20 June 2009 }}</ref>

A silver idol of [[Kali]] as Mahishasurmardini was installed by Thakur Himpala in 1959-60.<ref>http://www.himachalonline.com/lahaul/temples.htm</ref>

[[File:Trilokinath - pilgrim's shoes outside temple.jpg|thumb|280px|Pilgrim's shoes showing local knitted socks and straw stuffing outside temple.]]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{Tibetan Buddhism}}
* Dare, Annie, et al. (2009). ''Footprint India Handbook''. Footprint Handbooks, U.K. {{ISBN|978-1-906098-68-1}}.
* Handa, O. C. (1987). ''Buddhist Monasteries in Himachal Pradesh''. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi. {{ISBN|978-81-85182-03-2}}.
* Handa, O. C. (2005). ''Buddhist Monasteries of Himachal''. Indus Publishing Company. {{ISBN|978-81-7387-170-2}}.
* Hutchinson, L.R. & S.E. and J. PH Vogel (1933). ''History of the Panjab Hill States''. Reprint (2000): Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh.
* Mitra, Swati. Editor & Publisher (2007). ''The Temples of Himachal''. Department of Language, Art and Culture. Shimla, India. {{ISBN|81-87780-40-1}}.

{{Coord|32|42|N|76|41|E|display=title|format=dms|region:IN_type:landmark}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in India]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Villages in Lahaul and Spiti district]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lahaul and Spiti district]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:58, 25 June 2022
Line 2:		Line 2:
	{{Use Indian English\|date=February 2017}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=February 2017}}
	[[File:Trilokinath street and temple.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Trilokinath street and temple.]]		[[File:Trilokinath street and temple.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Trilokinath street and temple.]]
	The '''Sri Trilokinath ji '''Temple is in a village of same name 6 km south of the left bank of the ''{{IAST2\|Chaṅdrābhāgā}}'' or [[Chenab River]], and about 9 km from the village of Udaipur, in the [[Lahul and Spiti]] District of [[Himachal Pradesh]], India. It is sacred to both [[Tibetan Buddhists]] and [[Hindus]]. The glittering white-painted temple is situated on a cliff at the end of a village street. Its altitude is 2,760 metres (9,055 ft).<ref>Dare et al (2009), p. 563,</ref>		The '''Sri Trilokinath ji '''Temple (tibetan Garsha Phagpa གར་ཞ་འཕགས་པ) is in a village of same name 6 km south of the left bank of the ''{{IAST2\|Chaṅdrābhāgā}}'' or [[Chenab River]], and about 9 km from the village of Udaipur, in the [[Lahul and Spiti]] District of [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is sacred to both [[Tibetan Buddhists]] and [[Hindus]]. The glittering white-painted temple is situated on a cliff at the end of a village street. Its altitude is 2,760 metres (9,055 ft).<ref>Dare et al (2009), p. 563,</ref>

	==Name==		==Name==
	'Trilokinath' is one of the names of the Hindu god, Shiva, meaning the "Leader of the Trinity". but local tradition clearly states that it was originally a Buddhist [[vihara]] or monastery, although nothing remains of the original building.<ref>Handa (1987), pp. 74.</ref>		'Trilokinath' is one of the names of the Hindu god, [[Shiva]], meaning the "Leader of the Trinity". but local tradition clearly states that it was originally a Buddhist [[vihara]] or monastery, although nothing remains of the original building.<ref>Handa (1987), pp. 74.</ref>

	==History==		==History==
Line 12:		Line 12:
	[[File:Trilokinath temple courtyard.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|Shrine for [[Shiva]]'s [[lingam]] and bull [[Nandi (bull)\|Nandi]] in courtyard.]]		[[File:Trilokinath temple courtyard.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|Shrine for [[Shiva]]'s [[lingam]] and bull [[Nandi (bull)\|Nandi]] in courtyard.]]

	There is apparently nothing left of the original temple structure, but there is a strong local tradition that says Trilokinath was originally a Buddhist [[vihara]]. The temple had a marble statue of a six-headed [[Avalokiteshvara]] which was stolen decades ago<ref>Handa (1987), p. 74.</ref> and replaced initially with a crude image made of grey stone, and later with the present six-armed white marble Avalokiteshvara, which is attributed by some to the 12th century.<ref>Dare et al (2009), p. 564.</ref> It is revered as Avalokiteshvara by Buddhists and as Shiva by Hindus and is crowned with an image of [[Amitabha]] Buddha - the 'Buddha of Boundless Light.'<ref>Mitra (2007), p. 178.</ref>		There is apparently nothing left of the original temple structure, but there is a strong local tradition that says Trilokinath was originally a Buddhist vihara. The temple had a marble statue of a six-headed [[Avalokiteshvara]] which was stolen decades ago<ref>Handa (1987), p. 74.</ref> and replaced initially with a crude image made of grey stone, and later with the present six-armed white marble [[Avalokiteśvara\|Avalokiteshvara]], which is attributed by some to the 12th century.<ref>Dare et al (2009), p. 564.</ref> It is revered as Avalokiteshvara by Buddhists and as Shiva by Hindus and is crowned with an image of [[Amitabha]] Buddha - the 'Buddha of Boundless Light.'<ref>Mitra (2007), p. 178.</ref>

	The original image is said to have been [[coeval]] with the Avalokiteshvara head found near the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers and is now housed at the Guru Ghantal or [[Gandhola Monastery]]. This head has been claimed to date to the time of [[Nagarjuna]] (2nd century CE)<ref>Handa (1987), pp. 51-52, 74.</ref> which may indicate some connection with the famous Kanika ([[Kanishka]]) [[stupa]] at [[Sani Monastery]] in nearby [[Zangskar]]. Handa, though, both these images can be dated on stylistic grounds to around the 8th century or a century earlier.<ref>Handa (2005), p. 117.</ref>		The original image is said to have been [[coeval]] with the Avalokiteshvara head found near the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers and is now housed at the Guru Ghantal or [[Gandhola Monastery]]. This head has been claimed to date to the time of [[Nagarjuna]] (2nd century CE)<ref>Handa (1987), pp. 51-52, 74.</ref> which may indicate some connection with the famous Kanika ([[Kanishka]]) [[stupa]] at [[Sani Monastery]] in nearby [[Zangskar]]. Handa, though, both these images can be dated on stylistic grounds to around the 8th century or a century earlier.<ref>Handa (2005), p. 117.</ref>
Line 18:		Line 18:
	Hutchinson and Vogel speculate that it was originally a Shiva temple but was made into a Buddhist place of worship by [[Padmasambhava]] in the 8th century. They also state that the "Guru Ghantal white marble head is of the same workmanship as the Trilokinath image, and both are of the same [[Boddhisatva]]."<ref>Hutchinson and Vogel (1933), Vol. II, p. 475.</ref>		Hutchinson and Vogel speculate that it was originally a Shiva temple but was made into a Buddhist place of worship by [[Padmasambhava]] in the 8th century. They also state that the "Guru Ghantal white marble head is of the same workmanship as the Trilokinath image, and both are of the same [[Boddhisatva]]."<ref>Hutchinson and Vogel (1933), Vol. II, p. 475.</ref>

	<blockquote>A popular story says that a [[~~Kulu, Konya~~\|Kulu]] [[Raja]] reached Trilokinath and tried to carry off the idol, but was defeated in the attempt, as the stone became too heavy to move. There is a mark on the right leg of the marble figure, which is said to have resulted from a sword blow by a Kullu soldier of the time.<ref>Hutchinson and Vogel (1933), Vol. II, pp. 480-481.</ref></blockquote>		<blockquote>A popular story says that a [[Kullu\|Kulu]] [[Raja]] reached Trilokinath and tried to carry off the idol, but was defeated in the attempt, as the stone became too heavy to move. There is a mark on the right leg of the marble figure, which is said to have resulted from a sword blow by a Kullu soldier of the time.<ref>Hutchinson and Vogel (1933), Vol. II, pp. 480-481.</ref></blockquote>

	The original temple columns date from the time of King [[Lalitaditya]] in the 9th century CE. At the courtyard are large Buddhist prayer wheels and a granite [[lingam]] and small [[Nandi (bull)\|Nandi]] (bull) representing Shiva, while the ancient wooden pagoda-style temple is decorated with Tibetan prayer flags. Both Hindus and Buddhists celebrate the three-day '''Pauri Festival''' here in August.<ref>Dare et al (2009), p. 564.</ref>		The original temple columns date from the time of King [[Lalitaditya]] in the 9th century CE. At the courtyard are large Buddhist prayer wheels and a granite [[lingam]] and small [[Nandi (bull)\|Nandi]] (bull) representing Shiva, while the ancient wooden pagoda-style temple is decorated with Tibetan prayer flags. Both Hindus and Buddhists celebrate the three-day '''Pauri Festival''' here in August.<ref>Dare et al (2009), p. 564.</ref>

	Typical of the style introduced in the region during the 7th to 8th centuries, this temple consists of a curvilinear stone tower ''[[Sikhara\|shikhara]]'' crowned with the characteristic ''amalka'' (imitating a segmented gourd). Unlike the temples on the plains there is no pillared hall ''[[mandapa]]'' in the hill temples perhaps due to the lack of clear ground.<ref>http://hplahaulspiti.nic.in/TouristPlaces.htm#Trilokinath_temple ~~{{Webarchive~~\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620081647/http://hplahaulspiti.nic.in/TouristPlaces.htm#Trilokinath_temple \|date=20 June 2009 }}</ref>		Typical of the style introduced in the region during the 7th to 8th centuries, this temple consists of a curvilinear stone tower ''[[Sikhara\|shikhara]]'' crowned with the characteristic ''amalka'' (imitating a segmented gourd). Unlike the temples on the plains there is no pillared hall ''[[mandapa]]'' in the hill temples perhaps due to the lack of clear ground.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://hplahaulspiti.nic.in/TouristPlaces.htm#Trilokinath_temple \|title= \|website=hplahaulspiti.nic.in \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620081647/http://hplahaulspiti.nic.in/TouristPlaces.htm#Trilokinath_temple \|archive-date=20 June 2009}}</ref>

	A silver idol of [[Kali]] as Mahishasurmardini was installed by Thakur Himpala in 1959-60.<ref>http://www.himachalonline.com/lahaul/temples.htm</ref>		A silver idol of [[Kali]] as [[Mahishasuramardini\|Mahishasurmardini]] was installed by Thakur Himpala in 1959-60.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.himachalonline.com/lahaul/temples.htm\|title=Contact}}</ref>

	[[File:Trilokinath - pilgrim's shoes outside temple.jpg\|thumb\|280px\|Pilgrim's shoes showing local knitted socks and straw stuffing outside temple.]]		[[File:Trilokinath - pilgrim's shoes outside temple.jpg\|thumb\|280px\|Pilgrim's shoes showing local knitted socks and straw stuffing outside temple.]]