Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon - Revision history

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	{{Short description\|~~18th century~~ treaty between ~~the Nizam of~~ Hyderabad and ~~the~~ Maratha ~~empire.~~}}		{{Short description\|1728 treaty between Hyderabad and Maratha}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2026}}
	~~The '''Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon''' was signed on March 6, 1728, between [[Bajirao I]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] and the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I~~\|Asaf Jah I]], in what is present-day [[Shevgaon]]. According to the terms of the treaty, the Nizam granted the Marathas the authority to collect [[Chauth]], a type of tax, from the six [[Subah\|Subahs]] located in the Deccan region. Additionally, the treaty recognized [[Shahu I]] as the Emperor of the Maratha Empire, and in return, the Maratha Emperor agreed not to apprehend [[Sambhaji II]], who had allied himself with the Nizam against the Emperor.		{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2026}}
			{{Infobox treaty
	{{Infobox treaty\|name=Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon\|context=Signed to protect Sambhaji II of Kolhapur from the Marathas under Bajirao I and for the safe retirement of the Nizam's army.\|date_signed={{Start date\|df=yes\|1728\|03\|06}}\|location_signed=[[Shevgaon]]\|signatories=* {{flagicon\|Hyderabad State}}[[Asaf Jah I]]		\|name=Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon
			\|context=Signed to protect Sambhaji II of Kolhapur from the Marathas under Bajirao I and for the safe retirement of the Nizam's army.
			\|date_signed={{Start date\|df=yes\|1728\|03\|06}}
			\|location_signed=[[Shevgaon]]
			\|signatories=* {{flagicon\|Hyderabad State}}[[Asaf Jah I]]

	* [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg\|border\|22px]][[Shahu I]]\|parties=* {{flagicon\|Hyderabad State}}[[Nizam of Hyderabad\|Hyderabad]]		* [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg\|border\|22px]][[Shahu I]]\|parties=* {{flagicon\|Hyderabad State}}[[Nizam of Hyderabad\|Hyderabad]]

	* [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg\|border\|22px]] [[Maratha Empire]]\|wikisource=Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon}}		* [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg\|border\|22px]] [[Maratha Empire]]\|wikisource=Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon}}
			The '''Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon''' was signed on 6 March 1728, between [[Bajirao I]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] and the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I\|Asaf Jah I]], in what is present-day [[Shevgaon]]. According to the terms of the treaty, the Nizam granted the Marathas the authority to collect [[Chauth]], a type of tax, from the six [[Subah\|Subahs]] located in the Deccan region. Additionally, the treaty recognized [[Shahu I]] as the Emperor of the Maratha Empire, and in return, the Maratha Emperor agreed not to apprehend [[Sambhaji II]], who had allied himself with the Nizam against the Emperor.

	==Background==		==Background==
	The seeds of this battle date back to the year 1713 when Maratha king [[Shahu]] appointed [[Balaji Vishwanath]] as his [[Peshwa]], or Prime Minister.~~<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Irvine \|first=William \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC \|title=Later Mughal \|date=1971 \|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri \|pages=163 \|language=en}}</ref>~~ In 1724, [[Mughal]] control waned, and Asaf Jah I, the first [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], proclaimed independence from Mughal rule, thus establishing his own kingdom, which came to be known as [[Hyderabad Deccan]].<ref>{{~~Cite book~~ \|last=~~Briggs~~ \|first=~~Henry George~~ \|url=https://~~books~~.~~google~~.com/~~books?id=TXxDAAAAYAAJ~~ \|~~title~~=The ~~Nizam: His History and Relations with the British Government~~ \|date=~~1861~~ \|publisher=B. ~~Quaritch~~ \|isbn=978-0-~~608~~-~~34769~~-~~1 \|pages=16–32 \|language=en~~}}</ref>		The seeds of this battle date back to the year 1713 when Maratha king [[Shahu I]] appointed [[Balaji Vishwanath]] as his [[Peshwa]], or Prime Minister. In 1724, [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal]] control waned, and Asaf Jah I, the first [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], proclaimed independence from Mughal rule, thus establishing his own kingdom, which came to be known as [[Hyderabad Deccan]].<ref>{{Citation \|last=Heitzman \|first=James \|title=Emporiums, empire, and the early colonial presence \|date=2008 \|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9780203483282-9/emporiums-empire-early-colonial-presence-james-heitzman \|work=The City in South Asia \|access-date=2023-10-11 \|publisher=Routledge \|doi=10.4324/9780203483282-9/emporiums-empire-early-colonial-presence-james-heitzman \|isbn=978-0-203-48328-2}}. Page no 102</ref>
			The Nizam aimed to strengthen his province by curbing the increasing influence of the Marathas. He took advantage of the growing division within the Maratha Empire, as both Shahu and [[Sambhaji I of Kolhapur\|Sambhaji II]] of [[Kolhapur State\|Kolhapur]] claimed the title of King. The Nizam chose to support the faction led by Sambhaji II, which angered Shahu, who had also declared himself King. Additionally, the Nizam decided to stop the payment of [[Chauth]], which had been agreed upon by many landowners in the Deccan province to the Marathas, as per the arrangement made by the [[Sayyid brothers\|Syed Brothers]] in 1719.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Nadkarnia \|first=Rajaram Vyankatesh \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hM9AAAAMAAJ \|title=The Rise and Fall of the Maratha Empire \|date=1966 \|publisher=Popular Prakashan \|pages=179–180 \|language=en}}</ref>
	The Nizam aimed to strengthen his province by curbing the increasing influence of the Marathas. He took advantage of the growing division within the Maratha Empire, as both Shahu and [[Sambhaji I of Kolhapur\|Sambhaji II]] of [[Kolhapur State\|Kolhapur]] claimed the title of King. The Nizam chose to support the faction led by Sambhaji II, which angered Shahu, who had also declared himself King. Additionally, the Nizam decided to stop the payment of [[Chauth]], which had been agreed upon by many landowners in the Deccan province to the Marathas, as per the arrangement made by the [[Sayyid brothers\|Syed Brothers]] in 1719.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Nadkarnia \|first=Rajaram Vyankatesh \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hM9AAAAMAAJ \|title=The Rise and Fall of the Maratha Empire \|date=1966 \|publisher=Popular Prakashan \|pages=179–180 \|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book \|last=Irvine \|first=William \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5VEAQAAMAAJ \|title=Later Mughals \|date=1922 \|publisher=M. C. Sarkar & sons \|pages=5–7 \|language=en}}</ref>

	== Campaigns of Bajirao and Nizam ==		== Campaigns of Bajirao and Nizam ==
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	The battle strategy unfolded as Baji Rao's army retreated from the southern regions of the Maratha empire in May 1727. Shortly afterward, Shahu ended negotiations with Nizam-ul-Mulk regarding the restoration of the Chauth.<ref name=":0" />		The battle strategy unfolded as Baji Rao's army retreated from the southern regions of the Maratha empire in May 1727. Shortly afterward, Shahu ended negotiations with Nizam-ul-Mulk regarding the restoration of the Chauth.<ref name=":0" />

	Over the course of approximately six months, the Nizam chased Baji Rao's army in the [[Pune]] area. During this time, Baji Rao employed a series of tactical maneuvers, leading to the eventual encirclement and cornering of the Nizam's forces at Palkhed.<ref name=":1" />		Over the course of approximately six months, the Nizam chased Baji Rao's army in the [[Pune]] area. During this time, Baji Rao employed a series of tactical maneuvers, leading to the eventual encirclement and cornering of the Nizam's forces at Palkhed.<ref name="auto" />

	Baji Rao and the Maratha armies were summoned back from their campaign in Karnataka. In May 1727, Baji Rao requested Shahu to terminate negotiations with Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I, who had proposed arbitration regarding the payment of Chauth and sardeshmukhi. Baji Rao then began the process of mobilizing an army.<ref name=":2" />		Baji Rao and the Maratha armies were summoned back from their campaign in Karnataka. In May 1727, Baji Rao requested Shahu to terminate negotiations with Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I, who had proposed arbitration regarding the payment of Chauth and sardeshmukhi. Baji Rao then began the process of mobilizing an army.<ref name=":2" />
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	~~[[:Category:Conflicts in 1728\|Palkhed]]~~		[[Category:Maratha Empire]]
	[[Category: Maratha Empire]]		[[Category:1728 in India]]
	[[:Category:1728 in India]]

Sushrutksingh: New article

2023-10-05T04:22:01Z

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{{Short description|18th century treaty between the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Maratha empire.}}

The '''Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon''' was signed on March 6, 1728, between [[Bajirao I]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] and the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I|Asaf Jah I]], in what is present-day [[Shevgaon]]. According to the terms of the treaty, the Nizam granted the Marathas the authority to collect [[Chauth]], a type of tax, from the six [[Subah|Subahs]] located in the Deccan region. Additionally, the treaty recognized [[Shahu I]] as the Emperor of the Maratha Empire, and in return, the Maratha Emperor agreed not to apprehend [[Sambhaji II]], who had allied himself with the Nizam against the Emperor.

{{Infobox treaty|name=Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon|context=Signed to protect Sambhaji II of Kolhapur from the Marathas under Bajirao I and for the safe retirement of the Nizam's army.|date_signed={{Start date|df=yes|1728|03|06}}|location_signed=[[Shevgaon]]|signatories=* {{flagicon|Hyderabad State}}[[Asaf Jah I]]

* [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]][[Shahu I]]|parties=* {{flagicon|Hyderabad State}}[[Nizam of Hyderabad|Hyderabad]]

* [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]] [[Maratha Empire]]|wikisource=Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon}}

==Background==
The seeds of this battle date back to the year 1713 when Maratha king [[Shahu]] appointed [[Balaji Vishwanath]] as his [[Peshwa]], or Prime Minister.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Irvine |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC |title=Later Mughal |date=1971 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref> In 1724, [[Mughal]] control waned, and Asaf Jah I, the first [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], proclaimed independence from Mughal rule, thus establishing his own kingdom, which came to be known as [[Hyderabad Deccan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=Henry George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXxDAAAAYAAJ |title=The Nizam: His History and Relations with the British Government |date=1861 |publisher=B. Quaritch |isbn=978-0-608-34769-1 |pages=16–32 |language=en}}</ref>

The Nizam aimed to strengthen his province by curbing the increasing influence of the Marathas. He took advantage of the growing division within the Maratha Empire, as both Shahu and [[Sambhaji I of Kolhapur|Sambhaji II]] of [[Kolhapur State|Kolhapur]] claimed the title of King. The Nizam chose to support the faction led by Sambhaji II, which angered Shahu, who had also declared himself King. Additionally, the Nizam decided to stop the payment of [[Chauth]], which had been agreed upon by many landowners in the Deccan province to the Marathas, as per the arrangement made by the [[Sayyid brothers|Syed Brothers]] in 1719.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nadkarnia |first=Rajaram Vyankatesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hM9AAAAMAAJ |title=The Rise and Fall of the Maratha Empire |date=1966 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |pages=179–180 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Irvine |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5VEAQAAMAAJ |title=Later Mughals |date=1922 |publisher=M. C. Sarkar & sons |pages=5–7 |language=en}}</ref>

== Campaigns of Bajirao and Nizam ==
[[File:Peshwa Bajirao vs Nizam-ul-Mulk movements in Palkhed Campaign.png|thumb|alt=Colour-coded map|Troop movements of Baji Rao I and Nizam-ul-Mulk before the treaty of Mungi Shevgaon]]
The battle strategy unfolded as Baji Rao's army retreated from the southern regions of the Maratha empire in May 1727. Shortly afterward, Shahu ended negotiations with Nizam-ul-Mulk regarding the restoration of the Chauth.<ref name=":0" />

Over the course of approximately six months, the Nizam chased Baji Rao's army in the [[Pune]] area. During this time, Baji Rao employed a series of tactical maneuvers, leading to the eventual encirclement and cornering of the Nizam's forces at Palkhed.<ref name=":1" />

Baji Rao and the Maratha armies were summoned back from their campaign in Karnataka. In May 1727, Baji Rao requested Shahu to terminate negotiations with Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I, who had proposed arbitration regarding the payment of Chauth and sardeshmukhi. Baji Rao then began the process of mobilizing an army.<ref name=":2" />

With the monsoon season concluded and the terrain favorable for the upcoming campaign, Baji Rao's forces advanced towards [[Aurangabad]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Grover |first=Verinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6LiDAAAAMAAJ |title=Political Thinkers of Modern India: V.D. Savarkar |date=1990 |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |isbn=978-81-7100-253-5 |pages=20 |language=en}}</ref>

Following a skirmish near [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]], where the Marathas continued their strategy of avoiding direct confrontation with the enemy, Baji Rao, as expected, withdrew from the battlefield and redirected his forces toward [[Burhanpur]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IrzuyqW1aRwC |title=Hyderabad Affairs |date=1883 |publisher=Talbot Bros. |pages=509–512 |language=en}}</ref>

Nizam-ul-Mulk's army initially pursued Baji Rao, but Baji Rao changed his course and moved westward into [[Gujarat]] from North [[Khandesh]]. Surprisingly, the Nizam-ul-Mulk decided to abandon the pursuit and instead headed southward toward Pune. Sambhaji II accompanied the Nizam during this movement.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Yosuf Hussain Khan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.77281 |title=Nizam Ul Mulk Asaf Jahi Founder Of The Hyderabad State |date=1936 |pages=188–190}}</ref> Upon learning of the situation, Baji Rao quickly moved toward Pune and arrived at the Nizam's camp. The Marathas then encircled the camp, effectively cutting off the supply lines to the Nizam's forces. The shortage of food supplies, caused by the Marathas surrounding Nizam's camp, played a crucial role in his decision to sign a treaty with them.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book |last=New Cambridge History of India |url=http://archive.org/details/the-marathas-1600-1818-cambridge-history-of-india-vol.-2-part-4 |title=The Marathas - Cambridge History of India (Vol. 2, Part 4)}}</ref>

==The treaty==
Baji Rao and the Nizam initiated negotiations, during which Baji Rao proposed the retirement of the Maratha army in exchange for Nizam handing over Sambhaji II to him. However, the Nizam declined this offer and instead, they forged a treaty that granted the Marathas the right to collect taxes (known as Chauth) from the six Subahs of Hyderabad. This arrangement was made in order to safeguard their ally, Shambaji II.<ref name=":0" /> The Nizam of Hyderabad and [[Baji Rao I]] signed a peace treaty on 6 March 1728 at the village of [[Paithan|Mungi-Paithan]]. According to the treaty:

By the treaty of Mungi-Shivagaon, the Nizam agreed to make certain concessions to the Peshwa.

# [[Chhatrapati]] Shahu was recognised as the sole Maratha ruler.
# Marathas were given the right to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi of Deccan Subahs.
#
# The Marathas agreed not to capture Shambhaji II and allowed him to remain free.
# The balance revenue was to be paid to Chhatrapati Shahu.<ref name="auto"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Montgomery, Bernard Law. ''A Concise History of Warfare'', Great Britain: William Collins Sons, 1968, {{ISBN|1-84022-223-9}}, pg. 132
* Palsolkar, Col. R. D., ''The life of an outstanding Indian Cavalry commander - 1720-1760 the Peshwa.'', India: Reliance Publishers, 248pp, 1995, {{ISBN|81-85972-93-1}}.
* Paul, E. Jaiwant. ''Baji Rao - The Warrior Peshwa'', India: Roli Books Pvt Ltd, 184pp, {{ISBN|81-7436-129-4}}.

==External links==
* [http://historytelling.wordpress.com/maratha-pages/the-events/the-palkhed-campaign-1728/ Atul Sabnis' excellent article on the battle]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110711163924/http://www.heritage-history.com/www/heritage.php?Dir=pseudowar&FileName=mogulempire Wars of the Mogul Empire]

{{MarathaEmpire}}

[[:Category:Conflicts in 1728|Palkhed]]
[[Category: Maratha Empire]]
[[:Category:1728 in India]]