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{{See also|Sport in India#Traditional games}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2022}}

[[File:A game of Kho-Kho in progress at the Sports meet for Parliamentarians and Media Persons, in New Delhi on August 30, 2005 (1).jpg|thumb|280x280px|A [[kho-kho]] defensive player (center) runs from one half of the court to the other to avoid being touched by an opponent.]]
{{Culture of India}}
[[India]] has several traditional games and [[Sport in India|sports]],<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Bharatan |first=Nisha |date=2020-12-16 |title=List Of Top 25 Traditional (Desi) Indian Games For Kids |url=https://www.momjunction.com/articles/top-traditional-indian-games-list_00687698/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=MomJunction |language=en-US}}</ref> some of which have been played for thousands of years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India has a sports history going back a thousand years |url=https://businessindia.co/csr/india-has-a-sports-history-going-back-a-thousand-years |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=businessindia.co |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Many of these games do not require much equipment or playing space. Some traditional Indian games are only played in certain regions of India, or may be known by different names and played under different rules and regulations in different regions of the country.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Satyam |first1=Amitabh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AflmEAAAQBAJ |title=The Games India Plays: Indian Sports Simplified |last2=Goswami |first2=Sangeeta |date=2022-04-18 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-93-5435-256-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-30 |title='Gilli danda' among 75 'Bharatiya sports' set to be introduced in schools |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gilli-danda-among-sports-set-to-be-introduced-101659205191117.html |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Many Indian games are also similar to other [[Traditional games of South Asia|traditional South Asian games]].

== History ==
{{See also|List of Indian inventions and discoveries#Games|Sport in India#Ancient and Medieval period}}[[File:Stamp of India - 1990 - Colnect 164148 - Kabaddi.jpeg|thumb|270x270px|An Indian stamp from 1990 commemorating the introduction of [[kabaddi]], India's most popular traditional sport, into the [[Asian Games]]. |left]]
[[Kabaddi]] and [[kho-kho]] may have had certain aspects of their gameplay mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]], which was written before 300 AD.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> [[Atya-patya]] is mentioned in the [[Naṟṟiṇai]], written in 300 AD or before.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arasu |first=S. T. |date=2020-07-04 |title=Galah Panjang and its Indian roots |url=https://www.gosports.com.my/news/galah-panjang-and-its-indian-roots/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=On the sport. Be part of it |language=en}}</ref> [[Chaturanga]] is an ancient board game which experienced various modifications as it was transmitted from India toward Europe and became the modern game of [[chess]].<ref name=":13" />

Traditional Indian games served various purposes throughout and had various connections to [[History of India|Indian history]]; for example, certain aspects of the Bengali [[hopscotch]] game of ekka-dokka may have represented concepts of social division of property,<ref>[https://ir.nbu.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/3874/1/Karatoya%20vol%209%20Article%20No%204.pdf A Historical Study of the Origin and Features of Some Selected Folk Games in North Bengal] Badal Roy https://ir.nbu.ac.in/</ref> and kabaddi may have been used as a preparation for hunting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=kabaddi {{!}} sport {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/kabaddi |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

During the time of the [[British Raj]], Indians began to focus more on playing [[Sport in the United Kingdom|British sports]] such as [[cricket]], [[Field hockey|hockey]], and [[Association football|football]] rather than their traditional sports.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Love |first1=Adam |last2=Dzikus |first2=Lars |title=How India came to love cricket, favored sport of its colonial British rulers |url=http://theconversation.com/how-india-came-to-love-cricket-favored-sport-of-its-colonial-british-rulers-132302 |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=The Conversation |date=26 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Part of the reason behind this was so that they could rise up the ranks by imitating the culture of the colonisers;<ref>[https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/904168 Disappearance of Traditional games by the imitation of Colonial Culture through the Historical parameters of Cultural Colonialism] Md Abu Nasim https://dergipark.org.tr/</ref> later on, some Indians also started to see British sports as an activity in which they could "beat" their colonisers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-20 |title='The Revenge of Plassey': Football in the British Raj puviarasu |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lseih/2020/07/20/the-revenge-of-plassey-football-in-the-british-raj/ |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=LSE International History}}</ref> A notable traditional Indian sport which continued to be played during this time was [[polo]], which the British helped to codify and support as an official sport.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Ronojoy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O5mACgAAQBAJ |title=Nation at Play: A History of Sport in India |date=2015-10-27 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-53993-7 |language=en}}</ref> Some British board games, such as [[Snakes and Ladders]] and [[Ludo]], were also inspired by Indian board games.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-06-10 |title=Reviving traditional games of India |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/downtown/reviving-traditional-games-of-india/article3508624.ece |access-date=2023-01-21 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In post-Independence India, kabaddi is the most popular traditional sport, with the highest viewership and most career opportunities; its growth was spurred on by the creation of the [[Pro Kabaddi League]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-06 |title=Pro Kabaddi leagues rising fortunes rub off on prospects of the rural game |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/sports/pro-kabaddi-league-s-rising-fortunes-rub-off-on-prospects-of-the-rural-game-122100600913_1.html |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> Kho-kho has also had a franchise league started for it, [[Ultimate Kho Kho]];<ref name=":12" /> the Pro Kabaddi League and Ultimate Kho Kho are respectively the most and third-most viewed non-cricket competitions in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Varuni |date=2023-01-17 |title=Ultimate Kho Kho S1 claims total reach of 41 million viewers from India |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/news/ultimate-kho-kho-s1-claims-total-reach-of-41-million-viewers-from-india-11673930091871.html |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

In addition, the Indian government is starting the 'Bharatiya Games' initiative to revive traditional Indian games with the view that they are more affordable for rural Indians to play, and are important for reviving Indian culture as well as increasing team spirit.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Aditya Wadhawan|date=Jan 20, 2023 |title=Bharatiya Games initiative to popularise traditional Indian sports ecosystem in schools - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/bharatiya-games-initiative-to-popularise-traditional-indian-sports-ecosystem-in-schools/articleshow/97175340.cms |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-30 |title='Gilli danda' among 75 'Bharatiya sports' set to be introduced in schools |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gilli-danda-among-sports-set-to-be-introduced-101659205191117.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Traditional games ==

=== Gilli Danda ===
[[Gilli Danda]] is similar to many other games around the world, such as the English game of [[tip-cat]], and also has similarities to the popular Indian sport of [[cricket]]. It is a game where a player hits a short stick on the ground up into the air using a longer stick held in their hand. They then hit the airborne stick with the hand-held stick again so that it travels as far as possible. If a player on the other team catches the stick before it touches the ground, then the hitter is out (eliminated).<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=About Gilli-Danda and Dandi Biyo |url=https://www.topendsports.com/sport/list/gilli-danda.htm |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=www.topendsports.com}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Krishnamohan |first=Theviyanthan |title=Gilli-Danda: A dying Indian traditional game |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/gilli-danda-a-dying-indian-traditional-game |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |date=25 September 2014 |language=en-us}}</ref>

=== Nondi ===
{{Main|Nondi|Chindro}}

Nondi (known by several other regional names) is a game similar to [[hopscotch]]. In it, several connected boxes are drawn on the ground, and players throw a rock or similar object onto one of the boxes and then attempt to hop their way to the box the rock lands in.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Jadia |first=Varun |date=2016-05-08 |title=15 Forgotten Indian Childhood Games That Need to Be Revived Before They Are Lost Forever |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/53779/old-childhood-verge-of-extinction-indian-games/ |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Ball games ==
[[File:The seven stone.jpg|thumb|300x300px|A pile of seven stones and a ball that can be used to play the game of [[seven stones]].]]

=== Seven stones ===
In the game of [[seven stones]] (which is known by several other names in different parts of India, such as Lagori or Pittu Garam), one team throws a ball at a pile of seven stones to knock it over and then attempts to re-create the pile as fast as possible, while the other team tries to throw the ball at the first team's players to eliminate them from the game.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Now, a premier league to popularise Lagori |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-now-a-premier-league-to-popularise-lagori-2055688 |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

=== Maram pitti ===
[[Maram Pitti]] is similar to [[dodgeball]]; one player attempts to throw a ball from a stationary position at other players to eliminate them from the game.<ref name=":11" />

=== Ball badminton ===
{{Main|Ball badminton}}

Ball badminton is a native game of India that is similar to [[badminton]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Donaldson |first=Oliver |date=2019-05-26 |title=A whole new ball game |url=https://cherwell.org/2019/05/26/a-whole-new-ball-game-2/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Cherwell |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Exploring the Fast Fading Game called Ball Badminton |url=https://www.chaseyoursport.com/Indian-Sports/Exploring-the-Fast-Fading-Game-called-Ball-Badminton/987 |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Chase Your Sport |language=en}}</ref>

== Games involving simple objects ==

=== Marbles ===
Some Indian games involving marbles are also known as Kancha/Kanche or Golli Gundu. Several games are played involving players flicking marbles at other marbles, often in order to "capture" as many marbles as possible by the end of the game to win.<ref>{{Cite web |last=neeru |date=2015-11-16 |title=Marbles |url=https://www.dsource.in/resource/indian-games/outdoor-games/marbles |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=D'Source |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Pareek |first=Shreya |date=2014-05-15 |title=10 Popular Games You Probably Didn't Know Were Played In Ancient India |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/10492/lesser-known-traditional-games-sports-india/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=V. Saravana |date=2016-11-24 |title=Benefits of Traditional Indian Games, Importance & Advantages of Traditional Games for Children {{!}} ParentCircle |url=https://www.parentcircle.com/importance-of-traditional-indian-games-and-its-benefits/article |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.parentcircle.com |language=en-gb}}</ref>

=== Gutte ===
{{Main|Knucklebones#South Asia}}

Players throw a stone in the air, and then try to pick up as many of the remaining five stones on the ground as possible while making sure to catch the airborne stone before it falls.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Kazi |first=Saad |date=2018-06-14 |title=Top 24 Most Popular Traditional Indian Games Gen Z Must Try |url=https://www.kreedon.com/traditional-indian-games/ |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=Voice of Indian Sports - KreedOn |language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Pambaram ===
{{Main|Pambaram}}

In Pambaram (also known as Bambaram, Lattu, and other names), the game revolves around making a spinning top spin without falling for as long as possible.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This game 'tops' it all |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2016/sep/30/this-game-tops-it-all-1518423.html |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Variations of tag ==
{{Main|Variations of tag}}

There are several Indian variations of the game of [[Tag (game)|tag]] (sometimes referred to in India as "running and catching"), with [[kabaddi]] and [[kho-kho]] being the two most popular such games and being played in professional leagues ([[Pro Kabaddi League]] and [[Ultimate Kho Kho]] respectively).<ref>[https://www.mykhel.com/more-sports/traditional-games-played-in-india-kabaddi-kho-kho-gilli-danda-pitthu-chess-lagori-pachisi/articlecontent-pf14017-128307.html Kabaddi to Gilli Danda to Kho Kho: Traditional games played in India] mykhel.com</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Saini |first=Lavanya Lakshmi Narayanan & Abhishek |date=2022-09-17 |title=Ultimate Kho Kho — Welcome revival or departure from roots? |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/ultimate-kho-kho-2022-ukk-odisha-juggernauts-telugu-yoddhas-pune-maharashtra/article65898347.ece |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>

Note: In many Indian [[variations of tag]], the player who is supposed to tag the other players is referred to as the "denner".<ref>{{Cite web |last=AK |first=Ananya |date=2018-08-10 |title=10 Games You Played If You Were Born In The 90s India |url=https://www.campustimespune.com/10-90s-kids-games/ |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=Campus Times Pune |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Kabaddi ===
[[File:Iran men's national kabaddi team 13970602000432636707284535394012 98208.jpg|thumb|272x272px|[[Kabaddi]] defenders tackling a raider.|left]]
In [[kabaddi]], an offensive player known as the "raider" crosses into the other team's half of the court to try and tag as many of their players as possible. The raider must then return to his own team's half of the court without being stopped (tackled) by the opponents. If the raider makes it back safely, then he scores one point for every player he tagged; but if the opponents successfully stop the raider then the opponents score a point.<ref name=":1">[https://olympics.com/en/news/kabaddi-rules-regulations-how-to-play Kabaddi: How to play India’s 4000-year-old indigenous sport] Olympics.com</ref>

=== Kho-kho ===
The [[kho-kho]] court is divided into two halves by a central lane which goes down the length of the court and connects two poles at either end of the court. All of the offensive players, except for the "attacker"/"active chaser", sit in the central lane. The attacker's goal is to tag the defensive players on the court in order to score points and eliminate the defensive players from the field. The attacker can not change direction once he starts running towards either pole, and also must not cross the central lane. However, the attacker can switch roles with a teammate by touching their back and shouting "kho".<ref name=":2">[https://olympics.com/en/news/kho-kho-history-rules-how-to-play Kho Kho, a kabaddi-like sport linked with Indian epic Mahabharata - know all about it] Olympics.com</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Kho Kho- Run Chase: All You Need To Know |url=https://www.chaseyoursport.com/Indian-Sports/Kho-Kho-Run-Chase-All-You-Need-To-Know/1100 |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Chase Your Sport |language=en}}</ref>

=== Langdi ===
[[Langdi (sport)|Langdi]] is similar to tag, except that the offensive players are restricted to hopping on one foot while trying to tag players on the defensive team.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=The Games India Plays by Amitabh Satyam and Sangeeta Goswami I An Excerpt |date=11 April 2022 |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/books/the-games-india-plays-by-amitabh-satyam-and-sangeeta-goswami/ |access-date=2022-11-04 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Atya-patya ===
[[File:1-BISHNUPUR.jpg|thumb|272x272px|An offensive player (front right) attempts to run past the defender (second from right) standing in the trench.]]
In [[atya-patya]], the teams each have two turns on offense and two turns on defense. The offensive team scores points by having its players cross as many of the nine "trenches" on the field as possible while the defenders (who are restricted to standing within the trenches) try to stop this by tagging the offensive players to eliminate them.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2012-06-17 |title=Atya patya is set to make a comeback |url=https://punemirror.com/pune/cover-story/atya-patya-is-set-to-make-a-comeback/cid5133483.htm |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=punemirror.com |language=en-IN}}</ref>

=== Chor Police ===
{{Main|Chor Police (game)}}
Chor Police (referred to as "cops and robbers" in other English-speaking countries) is a game where one team, the "Police", try to tag all the Chors (thieves) to put them into jail.

=== Oonch Neech ===
{{Excerpt|Oonch Neech|paragraphs=4}}

=== Dog and the bone ===
{{Main|Steal the bacon}}

In Dog and the Bone (known by various names in India, such as "Cheel Jhapatta", and more commonly in other parts of the world as "steal the bacon"), there is an object placed in the center of the field, with two teams placed on opposite ends of the field. One player from each team rushes towards the object to try to take it back to their team; a point is scored either if a player successfully retrieves the object, or if a player tags an opponent who is holding the object before the opponent safely makes it back.<ref name=":0" />

=== River or mountain ===
River or mountain, which is known as ''Nadee-Parvat'' in [[Hindi]], and '''''Nadi ki Pahad''''' in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and other regional languages, is a game where the field is divided into areas referred to as "rivers" and "mountains". At the start of play, the denner shouts out either "river" or "mountain", with all players then attempting to go to the areas referred to by the denner. While outside of those areas, the players can be tagged and eliminated by the denner.<ref name=":0" />

=== Surr ===
In [[Surr]], the offensive team tries to go around the four quadrants of a square without being tagged by the defenders, who stand in the lanes between the quadrants.

=== Chain tag ===
[[Chain tag]] involves the denner tagging other players, who are then required to form a chain with the denner by holding hands. Only the two players at either end of the chain can tag the remaining players (since they have a free hand not trapped in the chain.) The game ends once all players are part of the chain.<ref name=":0" />

=== Lock and key ===
Also prominently known as Vish-Amrit/Vish-Amrut (Poison-Antidote), lock and key is similar to the Western game of [[freeze tag]], in which the denner(s) can "freeze" opponents by tagging them, with the frozen players' teammates able to "unfreeze" them by tagging them. A unique feature of lock and key is that players may be required to shout out "lock" or "key", as appropriate, when tagging other players.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=neeru |date=2015-11-16 |title=Vish Amrit |url=https://www.dsource.in/resource/indian-games/outdoor-games/vish-amrit |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=D'Source |language=en}}</ref>

=== Aankh micholi ===
[[File:Blind man's buff India.jpg|thumb|236x236px|Blindfolded player in Aankh micholi]]
Aankh micholi is the Hindi name for [[blind man's buff]] (blindfolded tag).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sariya |first=Tasneem |date=2021-02-10 |title=Top 10 Traditional Games of India that Defined Childhood for Generations |url=https://www.caleidoscope.in/art-culture/traditional-games-of-india |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=Caleidoscope {{!}} Indian Culture, Heritage |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Kokla chappaki ===
{{See also|Duck, duck, goose}}
One player goes around all the other players, who sit in a circle, and eventually drops a handkerchief behind one of them. That player must grab the cloth and then attempt to tag the first player.<ref>{{Cite web |last=neeru |date=2015-11-16 |title=Kokla Chappaki |url=https://www.dsource.in/resource/indian-games/outdoor-games/kokla-chappaki |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=D'Source |language=en}}</ref>

=== Four corners ===
{{Main|Four corners (game)}}
Players attempt to run between the four corners of a square without being tagged by the denner, who is in the middle of the square.<ref name=":10" /> In a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] variation of the game, [[Nalugu Stambhalata (game)|Nalugu Stambalata]], there is a pole in each corner of the square that the players must touch.<ref name=":0" />

===gella-Chutt ===
One team has a king stationed at a distance from the "home". The goal of the king is to reach home without being stopped by the opponents, who themselves attempt to avoid being tagged out by the king's teammates, who start at home.<ref name=":0" /> A similar [[Bengalis|Bengali]] game exists known as "Bouchi", in which the players must hold their breaths upon leaving the home in order to be eligible to tag the opponents; failing to hold the breath leaves a player at risk of being tagged out by opponents.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nasim |first=Md Abu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHspEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT41 |title=Stadiums in Calcutta: A New Genre of Sports Culture |date=2021-04-17 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-63806-579-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional Games of Bangladesh |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373435/PDF/373435eng.pdf.multi |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=unesdoc.unesco.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Express |first=The Financial |title=Long lost childhood games in Bangaldesh |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/public/views/long-lost-childhood-games-in-bangaldesh-1620989257 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Tree-climbing monkey ===
The denner tries to tag players who can climb up trees to escape; these players can try to touch a stick kept within a circle on the ground in order to become safe from the denner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-12 |title=Tree Climbing Monkey {{!}} Indian Traditional Games {{!}} How to Play |url=https://www.traditionalgames.in/tree-climbing-monkey |access-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812031859/https://www.traditionalgames.in/tree-climbing-monkey |archive-date=2020-08-12 }}</ref>

==== Siya satkana ====
Siya satkana is similar to tree-climbing monkey, except that it does not feature tree-climbing.<ref>[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~anujk1/CHI2009.pdf Designing Digital Games for Rural Children: A Study of Traditional Village Games in India] Matthew Kam, Akhil Mathur, Anuj Kumar, and John Canny http://www.cs.cmu.edu/</ref>

== Combat sports ==
=== Wrestling ===

==== Gatta gusthi ====
{{Excerpt|Gatta gusthi}}

==== Pehlwani ====
{{Excerpt|Pehlwani|paragraphs=1|files=0}}

=== Martial arts ===
{{Excerpt|Indian martial arts|paragraphs=1}}

==== Gatka ====
{{Excerpt|Gatka|paragraphs=2}}

==== Kalaripayattu ====
{{Excerpt|Kalaripayattu|paragraphs=1-2|templates=IPA|references=0}}

==== Silambam ====
[[Silambam]] revolves around participants fighting using bamboo sticks.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarkar |first=John |title=Dravidian martial art on a comeback mode |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/dravidian-martial-art-on-a-comeback-mode/articleshow/2788821.cms |access-date=2022-11-15}}</ref>

== Board games ==

=== Carrom ===
{{Main|Carrom}}

[[File:Carrom board.jpg|thumb|279x279px|The [[carrom]] board. Each of the four players must strike from between the two lines on their side of the board.]]
Carrom is played on a small board, with gameplay similar to [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] and [[billiards]] (cue sports). The main unique feature of carrom is that players flick a puck-like object with their fingers in order to impact the other pieces on the board, with each of the four players having two designated lines on their side of the board between which they must flick/shoot their striking piece from.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-13 |title=11 Basic Carrom Board Rules For Beginners |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/sport/story/basic-carrom-board-rules-beginners-388918-2022-05-13 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=India Today NE |language=en}}</ref>

=== Chaturanga ===
[[Chaturanga]] was an ancient Indian game which is the predecessor of [[chess]].<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-20 |title=World Chess Day 2022: History, Significance And Quotes About The Game |url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/world-chess-day-2022-history-significance-and-quotes-about-the-game-5584597.html |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Pachisi ===
{{Main|Pachisi}}
Two of the alternative versions of Pachisi are [[Ludo]] and [[Parcheesi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pachisi {{!}} game {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pachisi |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Lambs and Tigers ===
{{Excerpt|Lambs and Tigers}}

=== Snakes and Ladders ===
[[Snakes and Ladders]] originated from the Indian game of [[Gyan chauper|Gyan Chaupar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Souvik |title=Gyan Chaupar to Snakes and Ladders: How a game about a karmic journey became a plaything for kids |url=https://scroll.in/article/972864/gyan-chaupar-to-snakes-and-ladders-how-a-game-about-a-karmic-journey-became-a-plaything-for-kids |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=Scroll.in |date=15 September 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Pallanguzhi ===
[[Pallanguzhi]] is a variation of [[mancala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 traditional Indian toys that are good for play and the planet |url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/10-traditional-indian-toys-that-are-good-for-play-and-the-planet-112527097.html |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=sg.news.yahoo.com |date=March 2021 |language=en-SG}}</ref>

== Card games ==

=== Ganjifa ===
{{Excerpt|Ganjifa|files=0}}

== Boat racing ==
=== Vallam kali ===
{{Excerpt|Vallam kali|paragraphs=1|files=1}}

=== Hiyang Tannaba ===
{{Excerpt|Hiyang Tannaba|paragraphs=1|files=0}}

== Other physical activities ==
[[File:Performing mallakhamb.jpg|thumb|236x236px|Various poses in mallakhamb.]]

=== Yoga ===
{{Excerpt|Yoga|paragraphs=1|files=0|templates=IPA|references=no}}

=== Mallakhamba ===
{{Main|Mallakhamba}}

Mallakhamba or mallakhamb involves athletes doing yoga or gymnastic aerial postures while gripping a pole.<ref>[https://olympics.com/en/news/what-is-mallakhamb-rules-history-origin-india Mallakhamb – Know the rules, history and origin of this ancient Indian sport] Olympics.com</ref>

=== Kite-flying ===
{{See also|Fighter kite#India|Basant (festival)}}

Kite-flying is a popular activity in India, especially during certain holidays.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why is kite-flying a vital tradition on every Independence Day in India? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/why-is-kite-flying-a-vital-tradition-on-every-independence-day-in-india/articleshow/77547473.cms |access-date=2022-11-01 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> In certain competitions, participants fly kites in an attempt to cut the strings of opposing participants' kites.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nolen |first=Stephanie |date=2012-08-14 |title=Lord of the strings: Kite wars mark India's day of independence |language=en-CA |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/lord-of-the-strings-kite-wars-mark-indias-day-of-independence/article4481719/ |access-date=2022-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-08-18 |title=Why flying kites in India can be deadly |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37115032 |access-date=2022-11-01}}</ref>

== Events involving animals ==
[[File:Kambala.jpg|thumb|257x257px|A [[Kambala]] participant driving his two bulls forward.]]

=== Kambala ===
{{Main|Kambala}}
Kambala involves one person racing a pair of bulls across a [[paddy field]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rongmei |first=Precious |title=Here's what you need to know about the Kambala Race |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/heres-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-kambala-race/articleshow/92783379.cms |access-date=2022-11-01 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

=== Jallikattu ===
{{Main|Jallikattu}}
Jallikattu features people attempting to grab onto and stop a wild bull.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This 2,000-year-old sport is making news in India. Here's why - What is Jallikattu? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/this-2000-year-old-sport-is-making-news-in-india-heres-why/what-is-jallikattu/slideshow/56473058.cms |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

== Miscellaneous games ==

=== Antakshari ===
{{Main|Antakshari}}

In Antakshari, participants sing songs, with the last letter of the song sung by one participant required to be the first letter of the next song sung by another participant.<ref name=":8" />

=== Raja Mantri Chor Sipahi ===
[[Raja Chor Mantri Sipahi|Raja Mantri Chor Sipahi]] involves players taking on various roles, with points scored based on guesses by one player as to the roles of the other players.<ref>{{Cite web |last=neeru |date=2015-11-16 |title=Raja, Mantri, Chor, Sipahi |url=https://www.dsource.in/resource/indian-games/indoor-games/raja-mantri-chor-sipahi |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=D'Source |language=en}}</ref>

== Traditional games in specific regions of India ==
{{Main|Traditional games of Andhra Pradesh|Punjabi sports (India)#Traditional Punjabi Sports and Games|Sports in Tamil Nadu#Traditional Sports|Bengali traditional games|Tripuri games and sports|List of traditional Naga games and sports}}

=== Yubi lakpi ===
[[Yubi lakpi]] is a traditional game played in [[Manipur]] with similarities to [[Rugby football|rugby]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chengappa |first=C. C. |date=2021-09-16 |title=Know all about India's very own rugby game called Yubi Lakpi |url=https://thebridge.in/sports-culture/yubi-lakpi-coconut-manipur-india-rugby-tradition-25151 |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref>

=== Dhopkhel ===
[[Dhopkhel]] is a traditional game of [[Assam]] with similarities to [[dodgeball]] and [[kabaddi]]. One team throws the ball at a player on the other team, who then attempts to catch the rebounded ball and make it back to his own team's half of the field without being tagged by any of the opponents. The team that gets more of its players successfully through this process by the end of the game wins.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhopkhel- The Indigenous Game of Assam |url=https://www.chaseyoursport.com/Indian-Sports/Dhopkhel-the-Indigenous-Game-of-Assam/1141 |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=Chase Your Sport |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[History of India]]
*[[List of Indian inventions and discoveries]]
*[[Traditional games of Bangladesh]]
*[[Traditional games of Pakistan]]
*[[Traditional games of Andhra Pradesh]]{{Portal bar|India|Sports}}

== External links ==

* https://bharatiyakhel.in/ - the official Indian government website for traditional Indian games

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{World topic|prefix=Traditional games of|noredlinks=yes|title=[[Traditional game]]s}}

[[Category:Traditional sports of India]]
[[Category:Traditional games]]
[[Category:Indian games]]

Traditional games of India - Revision history

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	*[[Traditional games of Bangladesh]]		*[[Traditional games of Bangladesh]]
	*[[Traditional games of Pakistan]]		*[[Traditional games of Pakistan]]
	*[[Traditional games of Andhra Pradesh]]~~{{Portal bar\|India\|Sports}}~~		*[[Traditional games of Andhra Pradesh]]

	== External links ==		== External links ==