DigiGuru Prasenjit: basic expand details for accuracy and improved wording per standard format

2024-12-22T15:59:42Z

basic expand details for accuracy and improved wording per standard format

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{{infobox library
| library_name = Traditional Knowledge Digital Library
| name_en =
| library_logo =[http://www.tkdl.res.in/tkdl/images/tkdl-logo1.jpg]
| image =
| caption =
| country = India
| type = [[Digital library]]
| scope = [[traditional knowledge]]
| established = 2001
| ref_legal_mandate =
| location =
| coordinates =
| branch_of =
| num_branches =
| items_collected =
| collection_size =
| criteria =
| members =
| budget =
| director =
| num_employees =
| website = [http://www.tkdl.res.in/tkdl/langdefault/common/Home.asp www.tkdl.res.in]
| phone_num =
| references =
}}

The '''Traditional Knowledge Digital Library''' ('''TKDL''') is an [[India]]n [[digital library|digital knowledge repository]] of the [[traditional knowledge]], especially about [[medicinal plant]]s and formulations used in Indian systems of medicine. Set up in 2001, as a collaboration between the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) and the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)|MINISTRY OF AYUSH]] the objective of the library is to protect the ancient and traditional knowledge of the country from exploitation through [[biopiracy]] and [[unethical]] [[patents]], by documenting it electronically and classifying it as per [[International Patent Classification|international patent classification]] systems. Apart from that, the non-patent database serves to foster modern research based on traditional knowledge, as it simplifies access to this vast knowledge of remedies or practices.<ref name="pt">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=61511|title=Know Instances of Patenting on the UES of Medicinal Plants in India|date=May 6, 2010|publisher=PIB, Ministry of Environment and Forests}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2000/09/23/stories/142339aq.htm|title=CSIR chief stress on non-patent literature database|date=September 23, 2000 |work=Business Line}}</ref><ref>[[#Se|Sengupta, p. 187]]</ref>

As of 2010, it had [[transcription (linguistics)|transcribe]]d 148 books on [[Ayurveda]], [[Unani]], [[Siddha medicine|Siddha]] and [[Yoga]] in [[public domain]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}}, into 34 million pages of information, translated into five languages — English, German, French, Spanish and Japanese. Data on 80,000 formulations in [[Ayurveda]], 1,000,000 in [[Unani]] and 12,000 in [[Siddha]] had already been put in the TKDL. Plus it has signed agreements with leading international patent offices such as [[European Patent Office]] (EPO), [[United Kingdom Patent Office|United Kingdom Trademark & Patent Office]] (UKPTO) and the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office]] to protect traditional knowledge from biopiracy, by giving [[patent examiner]]s at international patent offices access to the TKDL database for patent search and examination.<ref name="pt"/><ref name=abt/><ref name="livemint.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/04/28214947/CSIR-wing-objects-to-Avesthage.html |title=CSIR wing objects to Avesthagen patent claim|date=Apr 28, 2010|work=Live Mint}}</ref>

==History==
The issue of [[biopiracy]] and unethical [[bioprospecting]] made headlines after the government of India successfully revoked or limited [[turmeric]] and [[basmati rice]] patents granted by [[United States Patent and Trademark Office]] (USPTO) and the [[neem]] patent granted by [[European Patent Office]] (EPO) in the late 1990s. Soon more such patent claims came to light. India’s vast traditional medicine knowledge existed in languages like [[Sanskrit]], Hindi, Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and Tamil, making it inaccessible for examiners at international patent offices to verify claims. This experience prompted the [[AYUSH|Department of AYUSH]], government of India to create a task force of experts in the areas of traditional medicine systems of India (i.e., [[Ayurveda]], [[Unani]], [[Siddha medicine|Siddha]] and [[Yoga]]), [[patent examiner]]s, IT experts, scientists and technical officers, for the creation Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL). It was initiated in 2001. The tasks included, for example, transcribing [[Sanskrit]] [[shloka]]s which describe an [[Ayurvedic]] formulation in text, using Traditional Knowledge Resource Classification (TKRC) devised for the purpose, so that it is easily understandable to any patent examiner, anywhere in the world. For this reason, the entire 34 million pages of text is available in English, German, French, Spanish and Japanese.<ref name=abt>{{cite news |url=http://www.tkdl.res.in/tkdl/langdefault/common/Abouttkdl.asp?GL=Eng |title=About TKDL|publisher=TKDL website}}</ref><ref name="in"/><ref>[[#Du|Dutz, p. 14]]</ref><ref>[[#Al|Alikhan, p. 85]]</ref>

As the database project reached its completion, in 2006 the government allowed access to the library to international [[patent office]]s, including [[European Patent Office]] (EPO), Japan and the UK, subject to a [[non-disclosure]] clause. This allows patent examiners to evaluate patent applications and stop attempts to patent traditional knowledge as "new" inventions.<ref name="pt"/><ref name="livemint.com"/><ref name="in">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=61122 |title=India Partners with US and UK to Protect Its Traditional Knowledge and Prevent Bio-Piracy|date=April 28, 2010|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|access-date=25 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/story/170989/|title=Free access to traditional knowledge library|date=Jul 14, 2006|work=Financial Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/story/162508/|title=Patents offices given access to TK library|date=Jun 30, 2006|work=Financial Express}}</ref>

Agreements were signed with EPO in February 2009, with United Kingdom Trademark & Patent Office (UKPTO) in January 2010, and with the [[U.S. Patent and Trademark Office]] (USPTO) after the summit meeting between US President Barack Obama and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, also in January 2010. With patent examiners getting access to the TKDL database, legal cases regarding unethical patent claims, which had taken years and vast expenditure for each case, could be avoided.<ref name="in"/><ref name="dc">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article75517.ece|title=India documents traditional formulations, yoga postures |date=January 4, 2010|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref name="ep">{{cite web|url=http://www.epo.org/topics/issues/traditional.html|title=India's Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL): A powerful tool for patent examiners|date=2009-02-24|publisher=European Patent Office (EPO)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217042453/http://www.epo.org/topics/issues/traditional.html|archive-date=2010-02-17}}</ref>

Another project to include data relating to 1,500 postures in [[yoga]] began in 2008, after new reports of a large number of false gurus and yoga masters, who attempted to patent this ancient knowledge in their own countries. For example, 131 yoga-related patents were traced in the US alone in 2007. After an uproar in the parliament and media, the government of India took up the issue with the USPTO.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=3200043&page=1 |title=Indian Government in Knots Over U.S. Yoga Patents|date=May 22, 2007|publisher=ABC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page1.asp?relid=28585 |title=GRANT OF PATENTS ON YOGA BY UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE – THE FACTUAL POSITION|date=June 13, 2007|publisher=PIB, Ministry of Commerce & Industry}}</ref> Thereafter, a team of yoga gurus from nine schools working with government officials and 200 scientists from the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) scanned 35 ancient texts including the [[Hindu epic]]s, the [[Mahabharata]] and the [[Bhagwad Gita]], and [[Patanjali]]'s [[Yoga Sutra]]s to register each native pose. At the end of 2009, 1500 [[asana]]s were to be added.<ref name="ep"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/4783753/India-moves-to-patent-yoga-poses-in-bid-to-protect-traditional-knowledge.html|title=India moves to patent yoga poses in bid to protect traditional knowledge|date=23 Feb 2009|work=The Telegraph |location=London|first=Dean |last=Nelson}}</ref>

In 2010, Union [[Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)|Environment Minister]], Jairam Ramesh stated that over eight years 34 million pages of information have been collected at an estimated cost of Rs 7 crore; at least 36 cases had been identified by the EPO and 40 cases by USPTO, using TKDL. As a future project, a people’s Register of Biodiversity, is being set up by the government, to document and protect, traditional knowledge passed down through the [[oral tradition]], under India’s National Biodiversity Act of 2002.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/india-favours-pact-for-benefit-sharingbio-resources/95249/on|title=India favours pact for benefit sharing of bio-resources|work=Business Standard|publisher=May 22, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100105/jsp/nation/story_11943460.jsp|title=Biodiversity study with replay whiff|date=January 5, 2010|work=The Telegraph}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

* {{cite book|last=Alikhan|first=Shahid |author2=R. A. Mashelkar |title=Intellectual property and competitive strategies in the 21st century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gMwrFTC8CWcC&q=Traditional+Knowledge+Digital+Library&pg=PA85|year=2004|publisher=Kluwer Law International|isbn=90-411-2119-6|ref=Al}}
* {{cite book|last=Dutz|first=Mark Andrew |title=Unleashing India's innovation: toward sustainable and inclusive growth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=URFxMXBa87EC&q=Traditional+Knowledge+Digital+Library&pg=PA14|year=2007|publisher=World Bank Publications|isbn=978-0-8213-7197-8|ref=Du}}
*{{cite book|last=Sengupta|first=Nirmal |title=Economic Studies of Indigenous and Traditional Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6d70v2Oha-sC&q=Traditional+Knowledge+Digital+Library&pg=PA187|year=2007|publisher=Academic Foundation|isbn=978-81-7188-586-2|ref=Se}}

== External links ==


{{coord missing|India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Databases in India]]
[[Category:Indian digital libraries]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Yoga mass media]]
[[Category:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
[[Category:South Asian traditional medicine]]
[[Category:Ministry of AYUSH]]

Traditional Knowledge Digital Library - Revision history

DigiGuru Prasenjit: basic expand details for accuracy and improved wording per standard format

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