Toofan Singh - Revision history

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	Jugraj Singh, better known as '''Toofan Singh''', was ~~an activist who was regarded as~~ a ~~key~~ member of the [[Khalistan Liberation Force]]~~. Singh~~ was born in 1971 in [[Sri Hargobindpur]], [[Punjab, India]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/censor-declines-to-clear-toofan-singh/story-TAcCN6YBW685nBVCxZSnyL.html\|title=Censor declines to clear 'Toofan Singh'\|date=23 July 2016\|website=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref><ref>Indian Defence Review, p. 7, Lancer International, 1990</ref><ref>Religion, Identity, and Nationhood: The Sikh Militant Movement, p. 228, Paramjit S. Judge, Rawat Publications, 2005</ref> According to police records, he was allegedly involved in 150 killings~~. He, with his group helped return many Hindu, Sikh & Muslim families who flee from [[Punjab, India\|Punjab]] because of fear of fake encounters with police of that time~~. He was killed in an encounter on April 8, 1990.<ref>Violence and Terrorism in South Asia: Chronology and Profiles, 1971-2004, Moonis Ahmar, Bureau of Composition, Compilation & Translation Press, University of Karachi, 2005, p.164</ref>		'''Jugraj Singh''', better known as '''Toofan Singh''', was a militant member of the [[Khalistan Liberation Force]] who was born in 1971 in [[Sri Hargobindpur]], [[Punjab, India]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/censor-declines-to-clear-toofan-singh/story-TAcCN6YBW685nBVCxZSnyL.html\|title=Censor declines to clear 'Toofan Singh'\|date=23 July 2016\|website=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref><ref>Indian Defence Review, p. 7, Lancer International, 1990</ref><ref>Religion, Identity, and Nationhood: The Sikh Militant Movement, p. 228, Paramjit S. Judge, Rawat Publications, 2005</ref> According to police records, he was allegedly involved in 150 killings. He was killed in an encounter on April 8, 1990.<ref>Violence and Terrorism in South Asia: Chronology and Profiles, 1971-2004, Moonis Ahmar, Bureau of Composition, Compilation & Translation Press, University of Karachi, 2005, p.164</ref>

	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Born in 1971 as Jugraj Singh in Cheema ~~Khurd~~ village of Punjab. He had 5 sisters and was the only son to his parents. ~~Jugraj Singh was 13 years of age when Indira Gandhi ordered the army attack on Sri Harmandir Sahib in~~ 1984~~. The destruction of Sri Akal Takht Sahib left Jugraj Singh (Toofan) shocked and hurt and his martial spirit awakened. He~~ was emotionally affected by the news of [[Operation Blue Star]]. In his younger days he spent some days in the Nabha Jail. In the jail he met with Manbir Singh Chaheru and Baldev Singh. Baldev Singh told ~~Jugraj~~ that he should avoid getting into these fights since he is the only son to his family, however, ~~Jugraj~~ would not change his path.<ref name="aajtak">{{cite web\|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/prasoon-joshi-censor-board-ban-panjabi-film-toofan-singh-full-story-tmov-1-948484.html\|title=कौन था तूफान सिंह, जिस पर बनी पंजाबी फिल्म को सेंसर ने किया बैन\|website=aajtak.intoday.in}}</~~ref~~>		Born in 1971 as Jugraj Singh in Cheema village of Punjab. He had 5 sisters and was the only son of his parents. In 1984, he was emotionally affected by the news of [[Operation Blue Star]]. He begin to believe that he has to do something about the alleged atrocities against Sikhs. In his younger days, he spent some days in the Nabha Jail. In the jail, he met with Manbir Singh Chaheru and Baldev Singh. Baldev Singh told Gujraj that he should avoid getting into these fights since he is the only son of his family, however, Gujraj would not change his path.<ref name="aajtak"/>

	In 1987, he came into contact with Avtar Singh Brahma the chief of Khalistan Liberation Force and he would fight under him. Toofan Singh's name first appeared in the complaint registered to Punjab Armed Police Headquarters concerning the murder of police officer Govindram as the major prepatrator ~~who killed at least 20,000 innocent Sikhs~~. On one hand Singh had support from Sikh society, and on other hand police forces would continue trailing him. He was noted to have provided protection to the villagers from attacks and extortion by criminal gangs and the police.<ref>{{Cite journal\|date=1990\|title=Caught in a Trap\|journal=Economic and Political Weekly\|volume=25\|issue=24/25\|pages=1292–1293\|issn=0012-9976\|jstor=4396390}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/prasoon-joshi-censor-board-ban-panjabi-film-toofan-singh-full-story-tmov-1-948484.html\|title = कौन था तूफान सिंह, जिस पर बनी पंजाबी फिल्म को सेंसर ने किया बैन}}</ref>		In 1987, he came into contact with Avtar Singh Brahma the chief of Khalistan Liberation Force and he would fight under him. Toofan Singh's name first appeared in the complaint registered to Punjab Armed Police Headquarters concerning the murder of police officer Govindram as the major prepatrator. On one hand Singh had support from Sikh society, and on other hand police forces would continue trailing him.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/prasoon-joshi-censor-board-ban-panjabi-film-toofan-singh-full-story-tmov-1-948484.html \| title=कौन था तूफान सिंह, जिस पर बनी पंजाबी फिल्म को सेंसर ने किया बैन \| date=24 August 2017 }}</ref>

			He was noted to have provided protection to the villagers from attacks and extortion by criminal gangs, terrorist groups and the police.<ref>{{Cite journal\|date=1990\|title=Caught in a Trap\|journal=Economic and Political Weekly\|volume=25\|issue=24/25\|pages=1292–1293\|issn=0012-9976\|jstor=4396390}}</ref>

	On 8 April 1990, Singh was killed in a village near Hargobindpur, after police and BSF surrounded his home. According to police records, he was allegedly involved in 150 killings.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Indian Defence Review\|page=8\|publisher=Lancer International\|year=1990\|quote=Jugraj was alleged to have committed about 150 killings}}</ref>		On 8 April 1990, Singh was killed in a village near Hargobindpur, after police and BSF surrounded his home. According to police records, he was allegedly involved in 150 killings.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Indian Defence Review\|page=8\|publisher=Lancer International\|year=1990\|quote=Jugraj was alleged to have committed about 150 killings}}</ref>

			On the day of his cremation it is estimated that almost four lakh (400,000) people were gathered to pay him the last tribute.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19900630-new-punjab-governor-assumes-charge-amidst-chaos-812755-1990-06-30\|title=New Punjab governor assumes charge amidst chaos\|last1=s\|first1=Kanwar\|last2=June 30\|first2=hu\|website=India Today\|language=en\|access-date=2019-03-19\|last3=June 30\|first3=1990 ISSUE DATE\|last4=October 10\|first4=1990UPDATED\|last5=Ist\|first5=2013 18:38}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/PUN-AMR-OMC-movie-toofan-singh-on-the-life-of-jugraj-singh-toofan-news-hindi-5373633-PHO.html\|title=इसके अंतिम यात्रा में जुटे थे चार लाख से ज्यादा लाेग, धोखे से हुआ था एनकाउंटर\|date=16 July 2016\|website=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref><ref name="aajtak">{{cite web\|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/prasoon-joshi-censor-board-ban-panjabi-film-toofan-singh-full-story-tmov-1-948484.html\|title=कौन था तूफान सिंह, जिस पर बनी पंजाबी फिल्म को सेंसर ने किया बैन\|website=aajtak.intoday.in\|date=24 August 2017 }}</ref>

	==Legacy==		==Legacy==
	Singh was ~~glorified~~ as a martyr,<ref>{{cite book\|title=Ethnic Rural And Gender Issues In Contemporary North-West\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IRjcY4k6IroC&pg=PA78\|page=78\|publisher=Anamika Pub & Distributors\|year=2005\|isbn = 9788179750209}}</ref> and poets sang in praise of his bravery.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Religion, Identity, and Nationhood: The Sikh Militant Movement\|author=Paramjit S. Judge\|publisher=Rawat Publications\|page=228}}</ref>		Singh was considered as a martyr,<ref>{{cite book\|title=Ethnic Rural And Gender Issues In Contemporary North-West\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IRjcY4k6IroC&pg=PA78\|page=78\|publisher=Anamika Pub & Distributors\|year=2005\| isbn=9788179750209 }}</ref> and poets sang in praise of his bravery.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Religion, Identity, and Nationhood: The Sikh Militant Movement\|author=Paramjit S. Judge\|publisher=Rawat Publications\|page=228}}</ref>

	In 2017, a biographical film based on the life of Singh was internationally released, titled ''[[Toofan Singh (film)\|Toofan Singh]]''. The Indian [[Central Board of Film Certification]] banned the movie.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/prasoon-joshi-bans-toofan-singh-heres-all-you-need-know-about-controversial-punjabi-movie-739564\|title=Prasoon Joshi bans Toofan Singh: Here's all you need to know about the controversial Punjabi movie\|first=Dishya\|last=Sharma\|date=24 August 2017\|website=International Business Times, India Edition}}</ref>		In 2017, a biographical film based on the life of Singh was internationally released, titled ''[[Toofan Singh (film)\|Toofan Singh]]''. The Indian [[Central Board of Film Certification]] banned the movie.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/prasoon-joshi-bans-toofan-singh-heres-all-you-need-know-about-controversial-punjabi-movie-739564\|title=Prasoon Joshi bans Toofan Singh: Here's all you need to know about the controversial Punjabi movie\|first=Dishya\|last=Sharma\|date=24 August 2017\|website=International Business Times, India Edition}}</ref>
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	[[Category:Khalistan movement people]]		[[Category:Khalistan movement people]]
	[[Category:Sikh martyrs]]		[[Category:Sikh martyrs]]
			[[Category:People killed by law enforcement officers]]

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Jugraj Singh, better known as '''Toofan Singh''', was an activist who was regarded as a key member of the [[Khalistan Liberation Force]]. Singh was born in 1971 in [[Sri Hargobindpur]], [[Punjab, India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/censor-declines-to-clear-toofan-singh/story-TAcCN6YBW685nBVCxZSnyL.html|title=Censor declines to clear 'Toofan Singh'|date=23 July 2016|website=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref><ref>Indian Defence Review, p. 7, Lancer International, 1990</ref><ref>Religion, Identity, and Nationhood: The Sikh Militant Movement, p. 228, Paramjit S. Judge, Rawat Publications, 2005</ref> According to police records, he was allegedly involved in 150 killings. He, with his group helped return many Hindu, Sikh & Muslim families who flee from [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] because of fear of fake encounters with police of that time. He was killed in an encounter on April 8, 1990.<ref>Violence and Terrorism in South Asia: Chronology and Profiles, 1971-2004, Moonis Ahmar, Bureau of Composition, Compilation & Translation Press, University of Karachi, 2005, p.164</ref>

==Biography==
Born in 1971 as Jugraj Singh in Cheema Khurd village of Punjab. He had 5 sisters and was the only son to his parents. Jugraj Singh was 13 years of age when Indira Gandhi ordered the army attack on Sri Harmandir Sahib in 1984. The destruction of Sri Akal Takht Sahib left Jugraj Singh (Toofan) shocked and hurt and his martial spirit awakened. He was emotionally affected by the news of [[Operation Blue Star]]. In his younger days he spent some days in the Nabha Jail. In the jail he met with Manbir Singh Chaheru and Baldev Singh. Baldev Singh told Jugraj that he should avoid getting into these fights since he is the only son to his family, however, Jugraj would not change his path.<ref name="aajtak">{{cite web|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/prasoon-joshi-censor-board-ban-panjabi-film-toofan-singh-full-story-tmov-1-948484.html|title=कौन था तूफान सिंह, जिस पर बनी पंजाबी फिल्म को सेंसर ने किया बैन|website=aajtak.intoday.in}}</ref>

In 1987, he came into contact with Avtar Singh Brahma the chief of Khalistan Liberation Force and he would fight under him. Toofan Singh's name first appeared in the complaint registered to Punjab Armed Police Headquarters concerning the murder of police officer Govindram as the major prepatrator who killed at least 20,000 innocent Sikhs. On one hand Singh had support from Sikh society, and on other hand police forces would continue trailing him. He was noted to have provided protection to the villagers from attacks and extortion by criminal gangs and the police.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1990|title=Caught in a Trap|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=25|issue=24/25|pages=1292–1293|issn=0012-9976|jstor=4396390}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/prasoon-joshi-censor-board-ban-panjabi-film-toofan-singh-full-story-tmov-1-948484.html|title = कौन था तूफान सिंह, जिस पर बनी पंजाबी फिल्म को सेंसर ने किया बैन}}</ref>

On 8 April 1990, Singh was killed in a village near Hargobindpur, after police and BSF surrounded his home. According to police records, he was allegedly involved in 150 killings.<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Defence Review|page=8|publisher=Lancer International|year=1990|quote=Jugraj was alleged to have committed about 150 killings}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Singh was glorified as a martyr,<ref>{{cite book|title=Ethnic Rural And Gender Issues In Contemporary North-West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IRjcY4k6IroC&pg=PA78|page=78|publisher=Anamika Pub & Distributors|year=2005|isbn = 9788179750209}}</ref> and poets sang in praise of his bravery.<ref>{{cite book|title=Religion, Identity, and Nationhood: The Sikh Militant Movement|author=Paramjit S. Judge|publisher=Rawat Publications|page=228}}</ref>

In 2017, a biographical film based on the life of Singh was internationally released, titled ''[[Toofan Singh (film)|Toofan Singh]]''. The Indian [[Central Board of Film Certification]] banned the movie.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/prasoon-joshi-bans-toofan-singh-heres-all-you-need-know-about-controversial-punjabi-movie-739564|title=Prasoon Joshi bans Toofan Singh: Here's all you need to know about the controversial Punjabi movie|first=Dishya|last=Sharma|date=24 August 2017|website=International Business Times, India Edition}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Toofan}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Punjab]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
[[Category:Khalistan movement people]]
[[Category:Sikh martyrs]]