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	India is the seventh country in the world to have such a complex structured TSP which has the technology to make titanium sponge<ref name=":2" /> and the first to have done all the process under one roof in indigenous manner. The company, Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd. (KMML), has also won awards for commercialising the technology.		India is the seventh country in the world to have such a complex structured TSP which has the technology to make titanium sponge<ref name=":2" /> and the first to have done all the process under one roof in indigenous manner. The company, Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd. (KMML), has also won awards for commercialising the technology.

	==Design and ~~Capacity~~==		==Design and capacity==
	The plant has an intricate design to carry out realisation of Titanium alloy wrought products and fabrication of hardware.<ref name=":1" /> Work is being done actively to increase the capacity of the TSP for the proposed 10000 TPY. A memorandum of understanding has also been signed by the KMML with [[Steel Authority of India]] (SAIL) for a huge joint venture for preparing titanium sponge at large scale. India has the third largest reserves of Titanium containing minerals. India was also the sixth largest [[List of countries by titanium production\|country by Titanium product]] in 2013. However, the high purity Titanium sponge(which has at least 99.7% Titanium) as raw material is still imported for aerospace applications from countries like Japan, Russia and China.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news\|title = Soon, space programmes will use indigenously made titanium sponge\|url = http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/soon-space-programmes-will-use-indigenously-made-titanium-sponge/article7527360.ece\|newspaper = The Hindu\|date = 2015-08-12\|access-date = 2015-11-01\|issn = 0971-751X\|language = en}}</ref> [[Using the indigenously made titanium sponge, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre\|VSSC]] realized the aerospace-grade alloy, having formula '''~~Ti6Al4V~~,''' at [[Mishra Dhatu Nigam]] (Midhani) in Hyderabad.		The plant has an intricate design to carry out realisation of Titanium alloy wrought products and fabrication of hardware.<ref name=":1" /> Work is being done actively to increase the capacity of the TSP for the proposed 10000 TPY. A memorandum of understanding has also been signed by the KMML with [[Steel Authority of India]] (SAIL) for a huge joint venture for preparing titanium sponge at large scale. India has the third largest reserves of Titanium containing minerals. India was also the sixth largest [[List of countries by titanium production\|country by Titanium product]] in 2013. However, the high purity Titanium sponge(which has at least 99.7% Titanium) as raw material is still imported for aerospace applications from countries like Japan, Russia and China.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news\|title = Soon, space programmes will use indigenously made titanium sponge\|url = http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/soon-space-programmes-will-use-indigenously-made-titanium-sponge/article7527360.ece\|newspaper = The Hindu\|date = 2015-08-12\|access-date = 2015-11-01\|issn = 0971-751X\|language = en}}</ref> [[Using the indigenously made titanium sponge, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre\|VSSC]] realized the aerospace-grade alloy, having formula '''Ti<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>4</sub>V,''' at [[Mishra Dhatu Nigam]] (Midhani) in Hyderabad.

	==Future ~~Prospects~~==		==Future prospects==
	The proposals for future include Mg recovery from ~~MgCl2~~(~~Magnesium Chloride~~) to set up an additional facility on similar lines. Proposals are also there to expand the capacity which is presently 500 MT to 1000 MT.<ref name=":2" />		The proposals for future include magnesium recovery from MgCl<sub>2</sub> ([[magnesium chloride]]) to set up an additional facility on similar lines. Proposals are also there to expand the capacity which is presently 500 MT to 1000 MT.<ref name=":2" />

	== Applications ==		== Applications ==

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'''Titanium Sponge Plant''' of [[India]] is located at Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd ([[Kerala Minerals and Metals|KMML]]), Chavara, [[Kollam]] district of [[Kerala]]. Titanium sponge plant is a [[manufacturing plant]] which produces [[titanium sponge]], a material which has very useful applications in space programme and other strategic areas like aeronautics, light defence vehicles etc. The plant in India is the only one in the world which can undertake all the different activities of manufacturing aerospace grade titanium sponge under one roof. The material is an alloy product which is produced through [[Kroll process]] which includes leaching or heated vacuum distillation to make the metal almost 99.7% pure.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = ISRO's titanium sponge plant in Kerala fully commissioned|url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-10/news/65415517_1_kmml-isro-indian-space-research-organisation|website = timesofindia-economictimes|accessdate = 2015-11-01}}</ref>

==History==
The importance of establishing the Titanium Sponge Plant was realised keeping in view of the country's huge demand and import of titanium and magnesium alloys from countries like China, Russia and Japan. Former President of India and scientist, Dr [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|APJ Abdul Kalam]] highlighted about it in one of his speech at Kerala Legislative Assembly.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title = Indigenous Titanium Sponge Plant operational - ISRO|url = http://www.isro.gov.in/indigenous-titanium-sponge-plant-operational|website = www.isro.gov.in|accessdate = 2015-11-01}}</ref> The plant was fully commissioned in August 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title = ISRO's titanium sponge plant in Kerala fully commissioned|url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-10/news/65415517_1_kmml-isro-indian-space-research-organisation|website = timesofindia-economictimes|accessdate = 2015-11-01}}</ref>

==Establishment==
The successful implementation has only been achieved after about twenty years of continuous research by the Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory ([[Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory|DMRL]] under [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]). The project is funded by Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre ([[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre|VSSC]] under [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title = Titanium sponge plant to open in India in July|url = http://www.interlinkmetals.co.uk/titanium-sponge-plant-to-open-in-india-in-july/|website = Interlink Metals|date = 2012-06-22|accessdate = 2015-11-01}}</ref>

==Ranking==
India is the seventh country in the world to have such a complex structured TSP which has the technology to make titanium sponge<ref name=":2" /> and the first to have done all the process under one roof in indigenous manner. The company, Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd. (KMML), has also won awards for commercialising the technology.

==Design and Capacity==
The plant has an intricate design to carry out realisation of Titanium alloy wrought products and fabrication of hardware.<ref name=":1" /> Work is being done actively to increase the capacity of the TSP for the proposed 10000 TPY. A memorandum of understanding has also been signed by the KMML with [[Steel Authority of India]] (SAIL) for a huge joint venture for preparing titanium sponge at large scale. India has the third largest reserves of Titanium containing minerals. India was also the sixth largest [[List of countries by titanium production|country by Titanium product]] in 2013. However, the high purity Titanium sponge(which has at least 99.7% Titanium) as raw material is still imported for aerospace applications from countries like Japan, Russia and China.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|title = Soon, space programmes will use indigenously made titanium sponge|url = http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/soon-space-programmes-will-use-indigenously-made-titanium-sponge/article7527360.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2015-08-12|access-date = 2015-11-01|issn = 0971-751X|language = en}}</ref> [[Using the indigenously made titanium sponge, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre|VSSC]] realized the aerospace-grade alloy, having formula '''Ti6Al4V,''' at [[Mishra Dhatu Nigam]] (Midhani) in Hyderabad.

==Future Prospects==
The proposals for future include Mg recovery from MgCl2(Magnesium Chloride) to set up an additional facility on similar lines. Proposals are also there to expand the capacity which is presently 500 MT to 1000 MT.<ref name=":2" />

== Applications ==
The material produced by the plant is useful for liquid propellant tanks for launch vehicles, inter tank structures, gas bottle/liners and interface rings for satellites.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Manufacturing plants]]
[[Category:Physics experiments]]
[[Category:Titanium]]
[[Category:Aerospace materials]]

Titanium Sponge Plant in India - Revision history

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