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{{Short description|Tamil Hindu text}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Tirumurai}}
'''Tiruvicaippa''' ({{Langx|ta|திருவிசைப்பா|translit=Tiruvicaippā}})<ref>{{Cite book |last=Donald S. Lopez |first=Jr |url=http://archive.org/details/religionsofindia0000dona |title=Religions of India In Practice |date=1995 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. |others=Internet Archive |pages=315}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kersenboom-Story |first=Saskia C. |url=http://archive.org/details/nityasumangalide0000kers |title=Nityasumaṅgalī : devadasi tradition in South India |date=1987 |publisher=Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-81-208-0330-5 |pages=62}}</ref> denotes the ninth volumes<ref>[[#J.N.|J.N. 1993]], p. 143</ref> of the ''[[Tirumurai]]'', the twelve-volume collection of Tamil [[Saivite|Shaiva]] devotional poetry. The works of eight authors belonging to the 10th century, namely Thirumaligai Thevar, Senthanar, Karuvur Thevar, Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi, Kandarathithar, [[Venattadigal]], Thiruvaliyamuthanar, Purshottama Nambi, Sethiyar, and Senthanar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=VC Sasivalli |url=http://archive.org/details/mysticismofloveinshaivathirumurais |title=Mysticism Of Love In Shaiva Thirumurais |pages=111–127 |language=English}}</ref> Out of the eight, Kandarathithar, was a [[Chola]] king, who an ardent devotee of Shiva. He wanted to compile ''[[Tevaram]]'', but the mission was completed by his grandson [[Rajaraja I]].{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

==Content==
The ninth volume of Tirumurai is composed by [[Tamil language|Tamil]] poets (known as ''[[Nayanars]]'') - Thirumaligai Thevar, Senthanar, Karuvur Thevar, Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi, Kandarathithar, [[Venattadigal]], Thiruvaliyamuthanar, Purshottama Nambi, Sethiyar and Senthanar <ref name=Madurai>{{cite web|title=Ninth Thirumurai|year=2001|url=http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0092.pdf|publisher=Project Madurai|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref> Among the eight, Kandarathithar, was a prince descended from Chola king, [[Parantaka I]].<ref>[[#Mukherjee|Mukherjee]] 1999, p. 396</ref> He and his wife Sembian Mahadevi were ardent devotees of Shiva and wanted to compile ''[[Thevaram|Tevaram]]'' during his lifetime, but could not complete the mission. During the [[reign]] of [[Rajaraja Chola I]] in the 10th century, a collection of these songs was found abandoned in the [[Chidambaram]] temple, along with other religious literary works, and collated by [[Nambiyandar Nambi]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Ponniyin Selvan - The Killer Sword - Part 3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wj0jEAAAQBAJ&dq=thiruvisaippa&pg=PT168|page=168|first=Varalotti |last=Rengasamy | date=28 February 2021 |publisher=Pustaka Digital Media}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#FFC569"
! scope="col" |'''Author'''
! scope="col" | '''Poems'''
! scope="col" | '''Number of verses'''
! scope="col" | '''Classification'''
! scope="col" | '''Temples reverred'''
|- align ="center"
|- style="background:#ffe;"
|-
| Thirumaligai Thevar
| 1-45
| 45
| Tiruvicaippa
| [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Thillai Natarajar Temple]] (45)<ref name=Madurai/>
|-
| Senthanar
| 46–79
| 34
| Tiruvicaippa
| [[Veezhinathar Kovil, Thiruveezhimizhalai]] (12), [[Masilamaniswara Temple, Thiruvaduthurai|Masilamaniswara Temple]] (11)<ref name=Madurai/>
|-
| Karuvur Thevar
| 80–182
| 103
| Tiruvicaippa
| [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Thillai Natarajar Temple]] (11), Maniyambalam temple (11), Azhagiyanathaswamy temple Thirukalanthai (10), Sundaresawarar temple Thirulogi (11), Pannakaparanar temple Thirumugathalai (10), [[Kampaheswarar Temple, Thirubuvanam|Kampaheswarar Temple]] (10), [[Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram|Brihadisvara Temple]] (11)<ref name=Madurai/>
|-
| Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi
| 183–194
| 12
| Tiruvicaippa
| [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Thillai Natarajar Temple]] (10), [[Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur|Thyagaraja temple]] (2), Thirukuraithudayar temple (11)<ref name=Madurai/>
|-
| Kandarathithar
| 194–204
| 10
| Tiruvicaippa
| [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Thillai Natarajar Temple]] (10)<ref name=Madurai/>
|-
| Venattadigal
| 205–214
| 10
| Tiruvicaippa
| [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Thillai Natarajar Temple]] (10)<ref name=Madurai/>
|-
| Thiruvaliyamuthanar
| 215–256
| 42
| Tiruvicaippa
| [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Thillai Natarajar Temple]] (42)<ref name=Madurai/>
|-
| Purshottama Nambi
| 1-45
| 257–278
| Tiruvicaippa
| [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Thillai Natarajar Temple]] (22)<ref name=Madurai/>
|-
| Sethiyar
| 279–288
| 10
| Tiruvicaippa
| [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Thillai Natarajar Temple]] (10)<ref name=Madurai/>
|-
| Senthanar
| 289–301
| 13
| Tirupallantu
| [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Thillai Natarajar Temple]] (13)<ref name=Madurai/>
|}

==List of temples associated with the Tiruvicaippa==
There are 14 temples revered by the hymns of Tiruvicaippa and are in turn referred as "Tiruvisaipa Talangal".
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#FFC569"
! scope="col" |'''Name of the temple'''
! scope="col" | '''Location'''
! scope="col" | '''Presiding deity'''
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | '''Photo'''
! scope="col" | '''Poets'''
! scope="col" | '''Temple details'''
|- align ="center"
|- style="background:#ffe;"
|-
| [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Thillai Natarajar Temple]]
| [[Chidambaram]] {{coord|11|23|58|N|79|41|36|E}}
| Natarajar
| [[File:Pond in chidambaram temple .jpg|200px]]
| Kandarathithar (10), Karuvur Thevar (11), Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi (10), Purshottama Nambi (22), Senthanar (13), Sethiyar (10), Thirumaligai Thevar (45), Thiruvaliyamuthanar (42), Venattadigal (10)
|The temple is one of the five elemental lingas in the [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] pilgrimage tradition and is considered the subtlest of all Shiva temples (''[[Kovil]]'') in Hinduism.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p147">{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC|year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8|page=147}}</ref> It is also a site for performance arts, including the annual Natyanjali dance festival on [[Maha Shivaratri]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Tracy Pintchman|title=Women's Lives, Women's Rituals in the Hindu Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7lOc8ZoLV0wC&pg=PA194 |year=2007|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-803934-1|pages=194–195}}</ref>
|-
| [[Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram|Brihadisvara Temple]]
| [[Gangaikonda Cholapuram]] {{coord|11|12|22|N|79|26|56|E}}
| Brihadisvarar
| [[File:Brihadeeswarar temple, Gangaikondacholapuram (3).jpg|200px]]
| Karuvur Thevar (11)
| Completed in 1035 AD by [[Rajendra Chola I]] as a part of his new capital, this [[Chola]] dynasty era temple is similar in design, and has a similar name, as the older 11th century, [[Brihadeeswarar Temple]] about {{convert|70|km}} to the southwest in [[Thanjavur]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Irāmaccantiran̲ Nākacāmi|title=Gangaikondacholapuram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtQBAAAAMAAJ|year=1970|publisher=State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu|pages=14–16}}</ref> The shrine of Gangaikonda Cholapuram are revered as under<br/>
" He of the Shrine of Gangaikonda Choleswaram takes whatever forms that his worship visualize" - 131,5.<ref>[[#Coward|Coward]] 1987, p. 151</ref>
|-
| [[Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur|Rajarajeswaram]]
| [[Thanjavur]] {{coord|10|46|58|N|79|07|54|E}}
| Brihadisvarar
| [[File:Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur (50074283866).jpg|200px]]
| Karuvur Thevar (11)
|Built by Tamil king [[Raja Raja Chola I]] between 1003 and 1010 AD, the temple is a part of the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] known as the "[[Great Living Chola Temples]]". Built out of granite, the [[vimana (architectural feature)|vimana]] tower above the shrine is one of the tallest in South India.<ref name=asibrihadthanj>{{cite web|title=The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_cholabt.asp}}</ref>
|-
| [[Uthrapathiswaraswamy Temple]]
| [[Thanjavur]] {{coord|10|51|48|N|79|43|20|E}}
| Uthrapathiswaraswamy
| [[File:Ganapathi Temple, Thiruchengattankudi.jpg|200px]]
| Karuvur Thevar (10)
|Uthrapathiswaraswamy Temple is a [[Hindu temple]] in Tiruchenkattankudi in [[Nagapattinam district]] in the [[Tamil Nadu]] state of [[India]]. Though it is dedicated to the Hindu god [[Shiva]], it is more famous for its [[Ganesha]] (Ganapati) icons brought from [[Vatapi]] by [[Paranjothi]], the commander-in-chief of the [[Pallava]] king [[Narasimhavarman I]] (reign: 630–668 CE), following [[Battle of Vatapi|the conquest of Pallavas over the Chalukyas]] (642 CE).<ref>{{cite book|last=Ayyar|first=P. V. Jagadisa |title=South Indian Shrines|publisher=Asian Educational Services|location=New Delhi|year=1993|pages=402–404|isbn=978-81-206-0151-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=%22Vathapi+Ganapathy%22&pg=PA402|access-date=2 August 2009}}</ref>
|-
| [[Azhagiyanathaswamy Temple, Kalappal|Azhagiyanathaswamy temple]]
| Kalanthai {{coord|10|31|34|N|79|33|10|E}}
| Azhagiyanathar
|
| Karuvur Thevar (10)
|The temple has inscriptions from the period of [[Rajendra Chola]] indicating generous contributions to the temple.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kalanthai Athicheram|url=http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=279|accessdate=2 January 2022|publisher=Dharumapuram Adheenam}}</ref>
|-
| [[Maniambalanathar Temple|Maniyambalam temple]]
| Keezhakottur {{coord|10|36|52|N|79|33|55|E}}
| Maniambalanavar
|
| Karuvur Thevar (11)
|Since the bell of the elephant [[Airavata]] fell here, it came to be known as Maniyambalam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Keezhakottur Maniyambalam|url=http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=280|accessdate=2 January 2022|publisher=Dharumapuram Adheenam}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sundaresvarar Temple, Tiruloki|Sundaresawarar temple]]
| Thirulogi {{coord|11|04|51|N|79|29|15|E}}
| Sundareswarar
|
| Karuvur Thevar (11)
|
|-
| [[Pannakaparanar Temple]]
| Thirmugathalai {{coord|10|33|23|N|79|40|46|E}}
| Pannakaparanar
|
| Karuvur Thevar (10)
|
|-
| [[Kampaheswarar Temple, Thirubuvanam|Kampaheswarar Temple]]
| [[Thirubuvanam]] {{coord|10|59|24|N|79|25|59|E}}
| Kampaheswarar
| [[File:Tirubavanam (14).jpg|200px]]
| Karuvur Thevar (10)
| The temple was constructed by the Chola king [[Kulothunga Chola III]] as a memorial of his successful North Indian campaign. The temple has a shrine for [[Sharabha]], a depiction of [[Shiva]], a part-lion and part-bird beast in [[Hindu mythology]], who, according to [[Sanskrit literature]], is eight-legged and more powerful than a lion or an elephant, possessing the ability to clear a valley in one jump.<ref name=Meena>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|year=1974|edition=1st|page=29}}</ref>
|-
| [[Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur|Thyagaraja Temple]]
| [[Thiruvarur]] {{coord|10|46|N|79|39|E}}
| Thyagarajar
| [[File:Thyagarajar temple, Tiruvarur (1).jpg|200px]]
| Ponnthuruthi Nambi Kata Nambi (2)
|According to legend, a [[Chola]] king named [[Muchukunda]] obtained a boon from [[Indra]] (a celestial deity) and wished to receive an image of Thyagaraja Swamy (presiding deity, [[Shiva]] in the temple) reposing on the chest of reclining [[Lord Vishnu|Vishnu]]. [[Indra]] tried to misguide the king and had six other images made, but the king chose the right image and manifested thiyagaraja in [[Tiruvarur]].<ref name=Meena1>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|year=1974|edition=1st|page=34}}</ref>
|-
| [[Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Thiruvidaikazhi|Thirukuraithudayar temple]]
| Thiruvidaikazhi {{coord|11|02|29|N|79|47|2|E}}
| Thirukuraithudayar
|
| Senthanar (11)
|Thiruchendur of the [[Chola Nadu|Chola region]], where Lord [[Kartikeya|Murugan’s]] engagement to his consort [[Devasena|Deivanai]] took place. Murugan worshipped [[Shiva]] after vanquishing the asura Iraniyan to cleanse his sins. [[Rahu]] Bhagavan also performed penance and worshipped Murugan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2019-09-20 |title=திருப்பம் தருவான் திருவிடைக்கழி முருகன் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/others/devotional/2019/09/20165101/the-twist-will-give-thiruvidaikkazhi-murugan.vpf |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mahalingeswarar Temple, Thiruvidaimarudur|Mahalingeswarar Temple]]
| [[Tiruvidaimaruthur]] {{coord|10|59|40|N|79|27|1|E}}
| Mahalingeswarar
| [[File:Tiruvidaimaruthur13.jpg|200px]]
| Karuvur Thevar (10)
| The Chola prince, it is believed, entered the Mahalingeswarar Temple and prayed to his favourite God, [[Shiva]] for relief from the clutches of the malicious rebirth of a dead Brahmin or ''[[brahmarakshasa]]''. The Chola prince made his way out through another entrance thereby saving himself.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ayyar |first=P. V. Jagadisa |title=South Indian shrines: illustrated |year=1991 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-206-0151-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=tiruvidaimarudur&pg=PA297|ref=Ayyar}}</ref>
|-
| [[Masilamaniswara Temple, Thiruvaduthurai|Masilamaniswara Temple]]
| [[Thiruvaduthurai]] {{coord|10|29|N|78|41|E}}
| Masilamaniswarar
| [[File:Thiruvavaduthurai4.JPG|200px]]
| Senthanar (11)
| This is counted as the first mention of portrait installation indicated in an inscription, with the other ones being in [[Uma Maheswarar Temple, Konerirajapuram|Konerirajapuram]] and [[Thiruvisanallur Sivayoginathar Temple|Thiruvisanallur]] temples. The temple has been maintained and administered by the [[Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam]], whose headquarters is located inside the temple.<ref name=early>{{cite book|title=Early Chola temples Parantaka I to Rajaraja I (AD. 907–985)|last=S.R.|first=Balasubramanyam|year=1975|publisher=Thomson Press (India) Limited|url=http://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/49443.pdf|pages=220–1}}</ref>
|-
| [[Veezhinathar Kovil, Thiruveezhimizhalai]]
| [[Thiruveezhimizhalai]] {{coord|10|46|N|79|50|E}}
| Veezhinathar
| [[File:Thiruveezhimizhalai3.jpg|200px]]
| Senthanar (12)
| [[Parvati]] is said to have been reborn as [[Katyayini|Katyayani]] and married [[Shiva]] here. [[Vishnu]] is regarded to have received the [[Sudarshana Chakra]] from Shiva after venerating the deity. A panel depicting the divine marriage is seen behind the [[shivalingam]]. The mulavar vimanam is believed to be brought here by Vishnu.<ref name="dm">{{cite web|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/New.php?id=523 |title=Sri Veezhinatheswarar Temple|publisher= Dinamalar|accessdate=2 January 2022 }}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|title=Primer of Hinduism|last=J. N.|first= Farquhar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p861x2t6I8kC&dq=tiruvisaipa&pg=PA143|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1993|isbn=9788120608689|ref=J.N.}}
* {{cite book | title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850 | publisher=Orient Longman Limited | last=Mukherjee|first=Sujit | year=1998 | location=New Delhi | pages=396 | isbn=81-250-1453-5|ref=Mukherjee}}
* {{cite book | title=Modern Indian responses to religious pluralism | publisher=State University of New York | editor-last=Coward |editor-first= Harold G. |editor-link=Harold Coward | year=1987 | location=New York | pages=151 | isbn=0-88706-571-6|ref=Coward}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Tamil-language literature]]
[[Category:Carnatic music]]
[[Category:Texts related to Nayanar saints]]
[[Category:Hindu texts]]

Tiruvicaippa - Revision history

Pururava: Stub...