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{{About|the city in Tamil Nadu, India|}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tirupathur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Tamil
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = yelagiri.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View from [[Yelagiri]] hill station
| nickname = Sandal City
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.50|N|78.60|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirupattur district|Tirupattur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipal
| governing_body = Tirupathur Municipality
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 387
| population_total = 83612
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 635601, 635602
| area_code = 04179
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = '''TN-83'''
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Vellore (88 km), Bangalore (125 km) & Chennai (235 km)
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 993 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Thiruvannamalai
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Legislative Assembly]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = Tirupathur
| footnotes =
| official_name = Tirupathur
| website = {{URL|tirupathur.nic.in}}
}}
'''Tirupathur'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=21 January 2021|title=Tirupathur District|url=https://tirupathur.nic.in/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=25 January 2021|website=|publisher=National Informatics Centre, Ministry Of Electronics and Information Technology, Government Of India}}</ref> or '''Tirupattur'''<ref name=religion2011/> is the headquarters of [[Tirupathur district]] in southern India and is one of the oldest inhabited places in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], with a history of over 1,600 years. The town is known for abundant [[sandalwood]] in the surrounding hills. It is located about {{cvt|89|km}} southwest of [[Vellore]], {{cvt|85|km}} from [[Hosur]] and [[Thiruvannamalai]] to the northwest and southeast, {{cvt|210|km}} west of [[Chennai]], and {{cvt|125|km}} east of [[Bangalore]].

==History==
The date of establishment of Tirupathur is unknown.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tirupathur|url=http://tirupathurguide.com/history.php|website=tirupathurguide.com}}</ref>

From inscriptions surveyed by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] in Tirupathur, it is estimated that the town is more than 1600 years old. Under the [[Cholas|Chola]], [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]], and [[Hoysalas|Hoysala]] dynasties the town was variously called Sri Mathava Chaturvedi Mangalam, Veera Narayana Chaturvedi Mangalam, Tiruperur, and Brahmapuram (Brahmeeswaram).

Tirupathur means "a group of ten villages or small towns." It is surrounded by several villages such as Aathiyur and Kodiyur, making Tirupathur a [[Taluk]]. It has many ancient Vishnu and Shiva temples, and water tanks built during the [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysala Dynasty.]] It is well connected by road and rail to the other important cities of [[Tamil Nadu]] such as [[Vellore]], [[Chennai]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Coimbatore]] and [[Thiruvannamalai]] and to [[Bangalore]] in [[Karnataka]]. The town is famous in Islamic culture as the resting place of many Islamic saints. As of 2011, the town had a population of 64,125.

Tirupathur was a revenue sub-division during the British colonial rule as a part of the Salem district, and later as part of Vellore district. The Tirupathur sub-division includes Tirupathur, Nattrampalli, Vaniyambadi and Ambur ''taluks''. [[Anna Rajam Malhotra]], India's first female Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer, KPS Menon (jr), former foreign secretary to Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], and Dr. TV Somanathan were sub-collectors of Tirupathur during their initial career years.

In 1886, the Tirupathur municipality was constituted as a grade three municipality. As per the government order No. 194, dated 10.02.1970, it was reclassified as second grade municipality. At present, as per the government order No. 654, dated 1.4.1977, it has been reclassified as first grade municipality.

Tirupattur's population and land area are good enough to have political representations in the state legislature of Tamil Nadu ([[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]), and part of Thiruvannamalai constituency for the central/federal legislature of India ([[2009 Indian general election|Member of Parliament as of 2009 elections]]).

As of 15 August 2019, the trifurcation of Vellore district resulted in formation of Tirupathur as a new district with Tirupathur town as its headquarter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tamil-nadu-cm-palaniswami-announces-trifurcation-of-vellore-district-1581078-2019-08-15|title=Tamil Nadu CM Palaniswami announces trifurcation of Vellore district|last=ChennaiAugust 15|first=Press Trust of India|last2=August 15|first2=2019UPDATED|website=India Today|access-date=2019-09-05|last3=Ist|first3=2019 12:48}}</ref>

==Geography==
Tirupathur is known as the "sandalwood town" due to the abundant availability of sandalwood trees in the surrounding hills. It is very close to the major hill station of [[Tamil Nadu]], the [[Yelagiri]] hills. The town is at an average elevation of {{cvt|388|m}}. The [[Jawadhu Hills block|Jawadhu Hills]], a part of the [[Eastern Ghats|eastern ghats]], lie another to the east of Tirupathur . The major group of soils found in the town are black (10 percent) and red (90 varieties) varieties. Tirupathur town has {{cvt|56.059|km}} of roads.

===Climate===
Tirupathur is known for recording the coolest temperature in the Tamil Nadu plains during winter. The seasonal climate conditions are moderate and the weather is uniformly salubrious. The town experiences sweltering summers and warm winters. The town gets its majority of rainfall during the south west monsoon period. September and October are the wettest months with around {{cvt|400|mm}} of rain received in these two months. The town also experiences fairly frequent thunderstorms in late April and May, which gives necessary relief from the heat, along with the dip in night temperatures. The warmest nights are in May, when the town has an average minimum temperature of {{cvt|23.4|°C}}. The coldest nights are in January, when the average minimum temperatures drop to {{cvt|16.1|°C}}. May is the hottest month with an average maximum of {{cvt|37.0|°C}}. The highest ever temperature recorded in the town is {{cvt|46.3|°C}} on 7 May 1976. The lowest ever recorded temperature is {{cvt|10.2|°C}} on 15 December 1974. The highest 24‑hour precipitation is {{cvt|167.3|mm}} received on 4 November 1966. The average annual rainfall being received in the town is {{cvt|877|mm}}. The climate is classified as tropical. In winter, there is much less rainfall than in summer. This climate is considered to be a [[tropical savanna climate]] (''Aw'' according to the [[Köppen–Geiger climate classification system|Köppen–Geiger climate classification]]).

{{Weather box|width = auto
|location = Tirupathur, Tirupathur district (1981–2010, extremes 1958–2012)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| temperature colour = pastel
| Jan record high C = 35.6
| Feb record high C = 39.4
| Mar record high C = 41.2
| Apr record high C = 45.8
| May record high C = 46.3
| Jun record high C = 41.8
| Jul record high C = 39.6
| Aug record high C = 39.3
| Sep record high C = 40.0
| Oct record high C = 37.1
| Nov record high C = 36.3
| Dec record high C = 35.0
| year record high C = 46.3
| Jan high C = 30.6
| Feb high C = 33.6
| Mar high C = 36.5
| Apr high C = 37.7
| May high C = 37.7
| Jun high C = 35.2
| Jul high C = 34.1
| Aug high C = 33.2
| Sep high C = 32.9
| Oct high C = 31.5
| Nov high C = 29.7
| Dec high C = 29.1
| year high C = 33.5
| Jan low C = 17.5
| Feb low C = 18.7
| Mar low C = 21.2
| Apr low C = 24.1
| May low C = 25.1
| Jun low C = 24.5
| Jul low C = 24.0
| Aug low C = 23.5
| Sep low C = 23.0
| Oct low C = 22.1
| Nov low C = 20.4
| Dec low C = 18.4
| year low C = 21.9
| Jan record low C = 10.3
| Feb record low C = 10.5
| Mar record low C = 12.8
| Apr record low C = 16.6
| May record low C = 18.3
| Jun record low C = 19.1
| Jul record low C = 18.4
| Aug record low C = 17.0
| Sep record low C = 14.6
| Oct record low C = 15.5
| Nov record low C = 12.0
| Dec record low C = 10.2
| year record low C = 10.2
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 2.4
| Feb rain mm = 1.8
| Mar rain mm = 13.8
| Apr rain mm = 41.7
| May rain mm = 77.5
| Jun rain mm = 64.6
| Jul rain mm = 93.2
| Aug rain mm = 132.3
| Sep rain mm = 185.3
| Oct rain mm = 152.2
| Nov rain mm = 78.7
| Dec rain mm = 33.8
| Jan rain days = 0.3
| Feb rain days = 0.2
| Mar rain days = 1.0
| Apr rain days = 3.0
| May rain days = 5.8
| Jun rain days = 3.8
| Jul rain days = 4.8
| Aug rain days = 6.4
| Sep rain days = 8.8
| Oct rain days = 8.9
| Nov rain days = 5.3
| Dec rain days = 2.5
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 60
| Feb humidity = 53
| Mar humidity = 48
| Apr humidity = 53
| May humidity = 57
| Jun humidity = 59
| Jul humidity = 61
| Aug humidity = 65
| Sep humidity = 67
| Oct humidity = 74
| Nov humidity = 73
| Dec humidity = 66
|year humidity = 62
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Tiruppattur Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 749–750
| access-date = 30 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M204
| access-date = 30 March 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|81.93}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|16.39}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|1.52}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.47}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.26}}{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.0}}}}

According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Tirupathur had a population of 19,487 with a sex-ratio of 1,010 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 7,255 were under the age of six, constituting 3,717 males and 3,538 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 18.33% and 0.43% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 76.22%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The town had a total of 14,084 households. There were a total of 22,895 workers, comprising 240 cultivators, 161 main agricultural labourers, 1,145 in house hold industries, 18,782 other workers, 2,567 marginal workers, 38 marginal cultivators, 27 marginal agricultural labourers, 246 marginal workers in household industries and 2,256 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Tirupathur|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=682514|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> As per the religious census of 2011, Tirupathur (M) had 81.93% [[Hindus]], 16.39% [[Muslims]], 1.52% [[Christians]], 0.03% [[Sikhs]], 0.02% [[Buddhists]], 0.11% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.00% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community – Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

==Places to see==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2021}}
[[Yelagiri]] is a hill station on the [[Vaniyambadi]]–Tirupathur Road, midway between Chennai and Bangalore. Located at an altitude of {{cvt|1,050|m}} and spread across {{cvt|30|km2}}, the Yelagiri village (also spelt Elagiri at times) is surrounded by orchards, rose-gardens, and green valleys. Vainu Bappu Observatory and Sri Sunadara Veera Anjaneyar temple is situated less than a kilometer from bus stand and Tirupathur railway station. Sri Vetkaaliamman temple ({{convert|142|feet}}) high, ({{cvt|13|km|disp=sqbr}}), Kandhili, Bheeman Falls ({{cvt|38|km}} from Tirupathur) and Jalagamparai Falls (14 km from Tirupathur) are other prominent tourist destinations around the town. Jalagamparai waterfalls is found on the eastern slope of the Yelagiri hills. The [[Jawadhu Hills block|Jawadu Hills]] are located about {{cvt|35|km}} from Tirupathur. In the middle of this hill, lies the [[Kavalur Observatory]], which has several optical and reflective telescopes run and governed by the [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]].

==Transport==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2021}}
The [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation]] (TNSTC) provides 85% of transport facilities to this town. Tirupathur is well connected by road and rail to major cities of India. Regarding transportation linkage, the highway (NH 46) from [[Chennai]] to [[Krishnagiri]] (via) Nattrampalli passes through the outskirts of the town. The town is separated by a distance with [[Chennai]] ({{cvt|225|km|disp=sqbr}}), [[Bangalore]] ({{cvt|130|km|disp=sqbr}}), [[Vellore]] ({{cvt|87|km|disp=sqbr}}) and [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] ({{cvt|108|km|disp=sqbr}}). Several state highways connects the town from [[Dharmapuri]] ({{cvt|60|km|disp=sqbr}}), Krishnagiri ({{cvt|40|km|disp=sqbr}}) [[Vaniyambadi]] ({{cvt|22|km|disp=sqbr}}), [[Harur]] ({{cvt|47|km|disp=sqbr}}) and Salem ({{cvt|108|km|disp=sqbr}}) section. Frequent buses are there to Chennai, Vellore, Harur, Salem, Bangalore, and [[Villupuram]].

The Tirupathur railway station is under the administrative control of the Southern Railways. It is {{cvt|2|km|spell=in}} from the bus stand. Traveling north, the {{stnlnk|Jolarpettai Junction}} is the second-biggest railway station in Tamil Nadu. It ({{cvt|8|km|disp=sqbr}}) is the nearest junction, and going south-west, [[Morappur (state assembly constituency)|Morappur]] is the next station. Due to proximity to the Jolarpettai railway junction, only few express trains halt here.

The nearest airports are at [[Salem Airport (India)|Salem]] ({{cvt|105|km|disp=sqbr}}) and Vellore Air Strip ({{cvt|85|km|disp=sqbr}}), while the nearest international airports are at Bengaluru ({{cvt|135|km|disp=sqbr}}) and Chennai ({{cvt|225|km|disp=sqbr}}).

==Governance==

Tirupathur is represented in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by Nallathambi A as of 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/01-List%20of%20sucessful%20Candidatestamil.pdf|title=LIST OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES, Election Commission of India- State Election, 2016 to the Legislative Assembly Of Tamil Nadu|work=Tamil Nadu|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref> Tirupattur is part of [[Tiruvannamalai (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. The present MP (elected in 2019) of the Tiruvannamalai Lok Sabha Constituency is Annadurai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/tamil-nadu/parliamentary-constituencies/tiruvannamalai.html|title=Tiruvannamalai(Tamil Nadu) Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 with Sitting MP and Party Name|website=www.elections.in|access-date=2017-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|access-date = 8 October 2008
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185928/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 4 May 2006
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://tirupathur.nic.in/ Tirupathur official website]

{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tirupathur district]]

Tirupattur - Revision history

imported>Remove unused accounts: small edit

imported>Mainakchatterjee.tech at 17:05, 28 August 2021