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{{short description|Ancient Tamil poem devoted to Murugan (Sangam literature)}}<br />
{{Sangam literature}}<br />
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br />
'''''Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai''''' ({{lang-ta|திருமுருகாற்றுப்படை}}, meaning ''Guide to Lord Murugan'') is an ancient intensely devotional [[Tamil language|Tamil]] poem in the [[Sangam literature]] genre entirely dedicated to god [[Murugan]]. [[Murugan]] is described as the nephew of the god [[Vishnu]], who is called Mayon or the ruler of the worlds.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=125–126}} Authored by [[Nakkiranar]], it is the first poem in the [[Ten Idylls]] (''Pattuppāṭṭu'') anthology.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=125–126}} The poem is generally dated to the late classical period (2nd to 4th century CE),{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=119–126}} with some scholars suggesting it may have been composed a few centuries later.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|p=130}}<br />
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The anthologies and poems of the [[Sangam literature]] have numerous references and verses to Murugan – also known as Subrahmanya, Kumara, Skanda, Kartikeya in other parts of India.<ref name="PenkowerPintchman2014">{{cite book|author1=Linda Penkower|author2=Tracy Pintchman|title=Hindu Ritual at the Margins: Innovations, Transformations, Reconsiderations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jSS6BwAAQBAJ&pg=PT29 |year=2014|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|isbn=978-1-61117-390-1|pages=28–30}}</ref> The ''Tirumurukarruppatai'' poem is exclusively about different manifestations and shrines of Murugan. It describes different major temples dedicated to him in the Tamil region, six locations, the natural scenes, worship practices and the culture of the people.<ref name="PenkowerPintchman2014"/>{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=125–128}}<br />
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[[File:Murugan by Raja Ravi Varma.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|The ''Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai '' poem is dedicated to Murugan.]]<br />
The ''Tirumurukarruppatai'' has 312 akaval meter verses, states Zvelebil.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=125–127 with footnotes}} According to Francis, the critical editor has 317 verses.<ref name=ef2>{{cite book|author=Emmanuel Francis|year=2017|chapter=The Other Way Round: From Print to Manuscript|doi=10.1515/9783110543100|editor=Vincenzo Vergiani|editor2=Daniele Cuneo|editor3=Camillo Alessio Formigatti|title=Indic Manuscript Cultures through the Ages: Material, Textual, and Historical Investigations|publisher=De Gruyter|pages=321–322|isbn=978-3-11-054312-4|chapter-url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01946663/file/Francis_2017_the_other_way_round.pdf}}</ref> It describes the beauty and the warrior nature of Murugan, six sacred shrine regions of Murugan, legends such as the killing of Surapadma, his six faces and the twelve arms along with their functions. The Hindu god is described as a gentle erotic lover of goddesses as well as a gruesome bloody warrior on the battlefield.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=125–127 with footnotes}}<ref name=ef2/> This elaboration includes 30 verses on the beauty of every body part of heavenly maidens.<ref>{{cite book|author=Abraham Mariaselvam|title=The Song of Songs and Ancient Tamil Love Poems: Poetry and Symbolism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9TULZX3SY18C |year=1988|publisher=Gregorian |isbn=978-88-7653-118-7|page=245}}</ref> Metaphors refer to [[Indra]], kantal flowers, emerald sea and others to paint "magnificent natural scenes", states Zvelebil. The poem highlights the peacock and his war banner flag. Both his first wife [[Devayani|Teyvayanai]] – the daughter of the Vedic god of rain, thunder and war Indra, and his second wife Valli – the daughter of a hunter, are included in the poem. It also mentions the Vedas and has numerous loanwords from the classical Sanskrit literature.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=129–131 with footnotes}} <br />
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Murugan, as described in the ''Tirumurukarruppatai'', has features that include those found in ancient north Indian descriptions of Skanda. According to Zvelebil, this may reflect that the ''Tirumurukarruppatai'' was composed after significant interactions between north and south India had already happened. Murugan's father Shiva and mother Korravai (Parvati, Durga) are also reverentially covered in the poem.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=129–130 with footnotes}}<br />
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The ''Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai'' is not only a part of the Sangam literature, it is also part of another Tamil textual canon, as the eleventh of twelve ''Tirumuṟai''. The twelve Tirumurais (books) are the devotional Tamil corpus in the Hindu [[Shaivism]] tradition in Tamil Nadu. The ''Tirumurukarruppatai'' was likely included in this corpus for god [[Shiva]], because Murugan is one of his sons and the historic reverence for the text.<ref name=ef2/> The text is part of these two anthologies, but in some Tamil Hindu communities, the ''Tirumurukarruppatai'' manuscripts are found as a separate text, on its own, as a devotional guide.<ref name=ef2/><br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Eighteen Greater Texts]]<br />
* [[Sangam literature]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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===Bibliography===<br />
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* {{cite book|last=Mudaliyar|first=Singaravelu A.|title=Apithana Cintamani, An encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature|orig-year=1931|publisher=Asian Educational Services|location=New Delhi|year=1983}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=Tamil Literature|last=Pillai|first=M. S. Purnalingam|year=1994|pages=115|publisher=Asian Educational Services|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIeqvcai5XQC&pg=PA115|isbn=81-206-0955-7}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=The archaeology of seafaring in ancient South Asia|last=Ray|first=Himanshu Prabha|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=iHHzP4uVpn4C|isbn=9780521011099}}<br />
* {{cite book |first=Edward Jewitt |last=Robinson |title=Tamil Wisdom: Traditions Concerning Hindu Sages and Selections from Their Writings |url=https://archive.org/details/tamilwisdomtradi0000robi|year=2001|publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Selby|first=Martha Ann|year=2011|title=Tamil Love Poetry: The Five Hundred Short Poems of the Aiṅkuṟunūṟu, an Early Third-Century Anthology|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=9780231150651}}<br />
* {{cite book|first=Takanobu|last=Takahashi|title=Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgCHuVGyZoEC|year=1995|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-10042-3}}<br />
* {{cite book|first=Kamil|last=Zvelebil|title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=degUAAAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-03591-5}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature|last=Zvelebil|first=Kamil|author-link=Kamil Zvelebil|year=1992|pages=73|publisher=BRILL|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC&pg=PA73|isbn=90-04-09365-6}}<br />
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{{Tamil language}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tirumurugartruppadai}}<br />
[[Category:Sangam literature]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu texts]]</div>imported>Bhagya sri113