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The '''Tinkathia System''' (literally in [[Hindi]]: ''three [[Katha (unit)|Kathas]]''), was an economic policy enforced by the [[East India Company]] in India. It was practiced largely in Eastern India and in states such as [[Bihar]]. The Tinkathia System was challenged by the [[Champaran Satyagraha]] led by [[Mohandas Gandhi]], this in turn became a watershed moment in the [[Indian independence movement]].<br />
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== History ==<br />
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=== Background ===<br />
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In the 17th and 18th century, most of Eastern India came under the rule of the [[East India Company]]. India, then, was a major producer of spices and dyes, primarily [[Indigo]]. The trade of [[Indigo]] was a major business. Several Agency Houses were involved in the [[Indigo]] trade. The [[East India Company]] compelled Indian farmers to grow cash crops like [[Indigo]] which severely affected their livelihoods.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/70247/gandhi-first-satyagraha-champaran/|title=The Little Known Story Of How Bihar's Champaran Completely Transformed Gandhi & India|date=October 2, 2016}}</ref><br />
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=== Units of Measurement ===<br />
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The term ''Tinkathia'' literally means three [[Katha (unit)|Kathas]], which is a [[List of customary units of measurement in South Asia|unit of measurement for land used in India]].<ref name="auto"/><br />
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In Indian units of measurement, each [[Bigha]] is subdivided into twenty [[Katha (unit)|Kathas]]. The Tinkathia System forced Indian peasants to grow only [[Indigo]] on three out of every twenty [[Katha (unit)|Kathas]] in each [[Bigha]].<ref name="auto"/><br />
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== Champaran ==<br />
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In his autobiography, [[Mohandas Gandhi]] described his visit to [[Patna]] and other areas of [[Bihar]] where the Tinkathia system and forced cultivation of Indigo was practiced:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mkgandhi.org/autobio/chap136.htm|title=The stain of Indigo &#124; Gandhi Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth|website=www.mkgandhi.org}}</ref><br />
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''The Champaran tenant was bound by law to plant three out of every twenty parts of his land with indigo for his landlord. This system was known as the tinkathia system, as three kathas out of twenty (which make one acre) had to be planted with indigo.''<br />
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== Legacy ==<br />
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{{Quote<br />
|text=The [[Tinkathia System]] which had been in existence for about a century was thus abolished and with it the planters’ raj came to an end. The riots, who had all along remained crushed, now somewhat came to their own, and the superstition that the stain of indigo could never be washed out was exploded. <br />
|author= M K Gandhi <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianculture.gov.in/stories/gandhis-satyagraha-champaran|title=Gandhi's Satyagraha in Champaran|website=INDIAN CULTURE}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
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The Tinkathia System was finally abolished after the [[Champaran Satyagraha]] led by [[Mohandas Gandhi]].<br />
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==See also==<br />
{{portal|Companies}}<br />
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* [[Economy of India under Company rule]]<br />
* [[Company rule in India]]<br />
* [[List of customary units of measurement in South Asia]]<br />
* [[Nepalese customary units of measurement]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External Links==<br />
* [https://www.thebetterindia.com/70247/gandhi-first-satyagraha-champaran/ History of Tinkathia system]<br />
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[[Category:Economic history of India]]</div>imported>Jmertel23