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{{Cleanup rewrite|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tindivanam
| native_name = Tindivanam
| native_name_lang = tamil
| other_name =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Railway Flyover
| nickname = Tindivanam
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Villupuram,Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.237|N|79.650|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Viluppuram district|Viluppuram]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Selection Grade Municipality
| governing_body =Municipal Council
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 22.33
| area_rank = 2nd
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 58
| population_total = 75405
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=683610|title=Census of India: Search Details}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 604001
| area_code = 91-4147
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = '''TN-16'''
| website = http://municipality.tn.gov.in/tindivanam/#
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
}}
'''Tindivanam''' ({{IPA-ta|திண்டிவனம்|lang}}) is a town and a [[municipality]] in [[Viluppuram district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is the second largest town in [[Villupuram District]] after the headquarters town [[Villupuram]]. Important roads from north to south (NH 45) Tamil Nadu pass through Tindivanam and similarly from west to east (NH 66).

==History==
Enga Ooru Tindivanam was earlier known as (திந்திரிவனம்) due to the [[shiva]]n (Eswaran) temple located at Tindivanam.
The name of Shiva(Suyambu linga) located there is திந்திரிஈஸ்வர். (Thinthrineeswarar) with Maragadhambigai Amman is a Thevara Vaipu Sthalam.
Tindivanam is a Selection grade Municipal Town. Tindivanam was constituted as a Municipality in 01.04.1949 then it was upgraded as 2nd grade Municipality from 03.04.1970, 1st grade Municipality in 22.05.98 and Selection Grade in 02.12.2008.

Ennairam,<ref name="Ennairam">{{cite web | url=http://www.viluppuram.tn.nic.in/touristpage.htm | author = Villupuram District Govt Website| title=Narasimma Swamy Koil - Ennairam | access-date=5 July 2010}}</ref> located near Tindivanam, has inscriptions about the Hindu shastras that date back to the 11th century. The [[Chola]] temple of Narasimma swamy koil built by Rajaraja Chola 1 (985 –1010) and has reached 1000 years. 8,000 samanaras lived in this village. As of 2011, the town had a population of 72,796.

==Etymology==

It was initially known as "Tinthrivanam"(Jungle of Tamarind-புளியங்காடு) where "Tinthiri" means 'tamarind' and "vanam" means 'Jungle' in Tamil.

==Geography==
Tindivanam is located at {{Coord|12.25|N|79.65|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Tindivanam.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Tindivanam, India}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 58 metres (190 feet). Tindivanam is 120 km southwest from [[Chennai]] and 35 km northwest from [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]]. Tindivanam is one among the three sub-divisions of [[Viluppuram District]], Tamil Nadu. This small town lies about 65 km northwest of [[Cuddalore]]. Tindivanam is divided into 234 [[Revenue Village]]s under Tindivanam Taluk.

It lies in the stretch of NH-45, about 123 km from [[Chennai]], capital city of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Tindivanam is at the junction of roads going to [[Tiruchirapalli]], [[Pondicherry]], [[Thiruvannamalai]], [[Kanchipuram]], [[Viluppuram]], [[Thellar]], [[Marakkanam]] and [[Chennai]]. Tindivanam is about 69 km from [[Chengalpet]]; it takes about 1.30 hours to reach by roadways.

[[File:Tindivanam Taluk.gif|thumb|right|Map Indicating 234 Village Panchayats under Tindivanam Taluk]]

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|82.16}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|11.95}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|4.39}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|1.36}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.04}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.02}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.08}}}}
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Tindivanam had a population of 72,796 with a sex-ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 7,664 were under the age of six, constituting 3,922 males and 3,742 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 16.59% and 0.49% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 78.19%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The town had a total of 17,088 households. There were a total of 24,415 workers, comprising 595 cultivators, 672 main agricultural labourers, 465 in house hold industries, 19,541 other workers, 3,142 marginal workers, 51 marginal cultivators, 431 marginal agricultural labourers, 207 marginal workers in household industries and 2,453 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Tindivanam|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=683610|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> As per the religious census of 2011, Tindivanam had 82.16% [[Hindus]], 11.95% [[Muslims]], 4.39% [[Christians]], 0.04% [[Sikhs]], 0.02% [[Buddhists]], 1.36% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.08% following other religions and 0.0% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

== Climate ==
Tindivanam's climate is classified as tropical. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Tindivanam than in summer. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Aw. The average annual temperature is 28.4 °C in Tindivanam. In a year, the average rainfall is 1045 mm. Precipitation is the lowest in March, with an average of 5 mm. With an average of 220 mm, the most precipitation falls in October. At an average temperature of 32.3 °C, May is the hottest month of the year. January has the lowest average temperature of the year. It is 24.5 °C. Between the driest and wettest months, the difference in precipitation is 215 mm. During the year, the average temperatures vary by 7.8 °C.

{{Weather box
| single line = Y
| Oct rain mm = 220
| Jul high C = 35.4
| Jul low C = 26
| Jul rain mm = 87
| Sep high C = 34.2
| Sep low C = 25
| Sep rain mm = 131
| Oct high C = 32
| Oct low C = 24
| Nov high C = 29.4
| Jun low C = 27
| Nov low C = 22.3
| Nov rain mm = 216
| Dec high C = 28.3
| Dec low C = 20.8
| Dec rain mm = 94
| metric first = Y
| precipitation colour = green
| source 1 = https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/tamil-nadu/tindivanam-968051/#climate-table
| Jun rain mm = 43
| Jun high C = 37.2
| location = Tindivanam
| Jan low C = 20.2
| source =
| Apr high C = 34.7
| Apr low C = 25.6
| Aug high C = 34.8
| Aug low C = 25.4
| Apr rain mm = 18
| Aug rain mm = 160
| Jan high C = 28.8
| Jan rain mm = 19
| May rain mm = 42
| Feb high C = 30.5
| Feb low C = 20.5
| Feb rain mm = 10
| Mar high C = 32.7
| Mar low C = 22.5
| Mar rain mm = 5
| May high C = 37.4
| May low C = 27.2
| width = auto
}}<br />

== Transport ==

=== Road ===
Tindivanam is connected by roads to major cities and to the rest of the state. The major National Highways in the town are

* [[National Highway 32 (India)]] which connects [[Chennai]] and [[Thoothukudi|Tuticorn]] via [[Tindivanam]], [[Pondicherry|Puducherry]], [[Cuddalore]] and [[Nagapattinam]].
* [[National Highway 77 (India)]] which connects [[Tindivanam]] and [[Uthangarai]] via [[Tiruvannamalai]] and joins [[National Highway 48 (India)]] at [[Krishnagiri]].
* [[National Highway 132 (India)]] which connects [[Tindivanam]] and [[Viluppuram]].

=== Rail ===
{{main|Tindivanam railway station}}

'''Tindivanam railway station''' is a railway station serving [[Tindivanam]], a city and taluk headquarters in [[Viluppuram district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is a station on the [[South Line, Chennai Suburban|South line]] of the [[Chennai Suburban Railway]] and comes under the [[Chennai railway division]] of the [[Southern Railway Zone]]. The station code is '''TMV'''.

=== Air ===
The nearest airport is [[Pondicherry Airport]] at [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]], in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], approximately 40 km from Tindivanam. Pondicherry Airport is connected to Bangalore and Hyderabad by commercial airlines.

The nearest major airport is [[Chennai International Airport]] (MAA), approximately 107 km from the town; the next closest major airport is [[Tiruchirapalli Airport]], approximately 200 km from the town.

== Politics ==

* Tindivanam assembly constituency is part of [[Villupuram (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (up to 2009 Tindivanam was a Lok Sabha constituency).<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|access-date = 2008-10-08
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090304010951/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 4 March 2009
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>
*Tindivanam legislative assembly:
#Member of legislative assembly : Seethapathy P
* Tindivanam Municipal Council:
# Chairman: nil ref>{{cite web | url = http://municipality.tn.gov.in/tindivanam/who_chairperson.htm | title = Chairman - Tindivanam Municipal Council| publisher = Tindivanam Municipality, Municipal Web Portal, Govt of Tamil Nadu}}</ref>
# Vice chairman<ref>{{cite web | url = http://municipality.tn.gov.in/tindivanam/who_Deputy_%20chairperson.htm | title = Vice Chairman - Tindivanam Municipal Council| publisher = Tindivanam Municipality, Municipal Web Portal, Govt of Tamil Nadu }}</ref>
# Commissioner: S.Annadurai, B.A.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://municipality.tn.gov.in/tindivanam/who_commissionerm.htm | title = Commissioner - Tindivanam Municipal Council| publisher = Tindivanam Municipality, Municipal Web Portal, Govt of Tamil Nadu }}</ref>

== Notable people ==
* [[O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar]]
* [[S. Ramadoss]]
* [[Anbumani Ramadoss]]
* [[Tindivanam K. Ramamurthy]]
* [[C. V. Shanmugam]]

== Oil Seed Research Station ==
Oilseeds Research Station is located in a distance of 3 km from Tindivanam town. Started as Agricultural Research Station in 1935, later inducted with [[Tamilnadu Agricultural University]] in the year 1981. Oilseeds Research Station has been established by Govt of Tamilnadu to evolve ''[[Peanut|groundnut]]'', ''[[sesame]]'' and ''[[Ricinus|castor]]'' varieties with desirable attributes viz., short duration, high yield, high oil content, drought tolerance, fresh seed dormancy, resistance to major insect pests and diseases etc. Groundnut (Has separate Kolmudal Nilayalam (Tamil)) & Oil seeds research station – affiliated to the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/about_us/abt_us_reserach_tindivanam.html|title=TNAU Portal}}</ref>

* Pioneer research station in Tamil Nadu exclusively for oilseeds.
* Started as Agricultural Research Station in 1935
* Upgraded as Regional Research Station in 1962
* Renamed as Oilseeds Research Station and brought under Tamil Nadu
* Agricultural University in 1981

== Temples ==

# [[Mailam]] or Mayilam is located 15 kilometres from Tindivanam.
# [[Chandramouleeswar temple, Thiruvakkarai]]
# [https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=911 Shri Lakshmi Narasimmar temple], Tindivanam
# [https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=768 Shri Nerkuthi Vinayagar temple], Theevanur
# [https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=1749 Shri Bheemeshwarar temple], Omandur
# [https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=1066 Shri Agastheeshwarar temple], Kiliyanur
# Shri Maragathambigai Sametha Thindrinishvarar temple, Tindivanam

== Enga Ooru Tindivanam flyover ==
{{main|Tindivanam flyover}}

The Enga Ooru Tindivanam flyover is the state's second railways flyover, which was built under the former union Minister Tindivanam G.Venkatraman, who was the minister for surface transport govt. of India and Member of parliament of Tindivanam constituency. The foundation was laid by former union Minister Murasoli Maran on 02/02 1997, which uplifted the town on various departments and solved so many issues in and around Tindivanam town. It has roundana and four lanes. The flyover is located in the heart of the [[Tindivanam]], between [[NH 66]] (Bangalore – Pondicherry) and [[National Highway 45 (India)|NH 45]] (Chennai - Dindukkal). This flyover was inaugurated by Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M. Karunanithi in 2000. This flyover was constructed at a cost of Rs.22 crores.

== National Fossil Wood Park ==
{{main|National Fossil Wood Park, Tiruvakkarai}}

National Fossil Wood Park, Tiruvakkarai is a notified [[National Geological Monument|National Geo-heritage Monument]] located in the [[Villupuram District]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] and is maintained by the [[Geological Survey of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Fossil Wood parks |url=http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529552&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |publisher=Geological Survey of India |access-date=4 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013102730/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127%2C529552&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-date=13 October 2013 }} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/909259923 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/788495534 cite #1 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC_bot/Job_18]]}}</ref> The park was established in 1940<ref>{{cite news|last=Kodinhi |first=Hussain |title=Millions of years ago, there lived a tree |url=http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=10&edlabel=TOICH&mydateHid=06-10-2012&pubname=&edname=&articleid=Ar01000&format=&publabel=TOI |access-date=4 June 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706210636/http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes |archive-date= 6 July 2009 }} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/909259923 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/788495534 cite #2 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC_bot/Job_18]]}}</ref> and is located 1 km east of [[Thiruvakkarai]]<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/vck-candidate-vows-to-put-vanur-on-tourism-map/article8588308.ece VCK candidate vows to put Vanur on tourism map, The Hindu newspaper, 12-May-2016] {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/909259923 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/788495534 cite #3 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC_bot/Job_18]]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/these-trees-speak-but-not-many-hear/article6632592.ece These trees speak, but not many hear, The Hindu ne village on the road between [[Tindivanam]] and [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]].wspaper, 2-Nov-2014] {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/909259923 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/788495534 cite #4 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC_bot/Job_18]]}}</ref> village on the road between [[Tindivanam]] and [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]]. The park contains [[petrified wood]] [[Fossil|fossils]] approximately 20 million years old, scattered throughout the park,<ref>{{cite news|title=Lifeless air hovers over Fossil Wood Park |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/lifeless-air-hovers-over-fossil-wood-park/article2898907.ece |access-date=4 June 2013 |date=16 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921074315/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/lifeless-air-hovers-over-fossil-wood-park/article2898907.ece |archive-date=21 September 2013 }} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/909259923 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/788495534 cite #6 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC_bot/Job_18]]}}</ref> which covers about 247 acres (100 ha). The park consists of nine enclaves, but only a small portion of the 247 acres (approx 1 square km) is open to the public.<ref>{{cite news|last=Prasanna |first=Srinivasan |title=Forest of Brown |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/01/17/stories/2004011700020100.htm |access-date=4 June 2013 |date=17 January 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060204/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/01/17/stories/2004011700020100.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=21 September 2013 }} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/909259923 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/788495534 cite #7 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC_bot/Job_18]]}}</ref> Officials of the GSI believe the fossils were formed during massive flooding that occurred millions of years ago.<ref>{{cite news|last=Yamunan |first=Shruthisagar |title=A repository of spectacularly preserved fossilized trees |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/a-repository-of-spectacularly-preserved-fossilized-trees/article794856.ece |access-date=4 June 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=25 September 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922191459/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/a-repository-of-spectacularly-preserved-fossilized-trees/article794856.ece |archive-date=22 September 2013 }} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/909259923 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/788495534 cite #8 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC_bot/Job_18]]}}</ref> The park hosts about 200 fossilized trees.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Chennai - Suburban Railway, South|Tindivanam|Panchalam|Mailam|41|125.48}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Viluppuram district]]

Tindivanam - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

imported>Yamaguchi先生: Minor formatting change(s).