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	== Neolithic (10800–3300 BC) ==		== Neolithic (10800–3300 BC) ==

>Elinruby: /* Early Magadha Empire */Linked above

2021-10-18T23:54:21Z

Early Magadha Empire: Linked above

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{{Copy edit|date=June 2021}}
{{Lead missing|date=June 2021}}
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}{{Main|History of Bihar}}
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== Neolithic (10800–3300 BC) ==
[[Chirand]], on the northern bank of the [[Ganga River]] in the [[Saran district]], has archaeological records starting from the [[Neolithic age]] (about 2500–1345 BC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/destinations/bihar_a_quick_guide_to_saran/|title=BIHAR: A QUICK GUIDE TO SARAN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1100925/jsp/bihar/story_12980021.jsp|title=Oldest hamlet faces extinction threat}}</ref> Settlement in Chirand covers three periods – Period I (Neolithic, 2500–1345 BC), Period II ([[Chalcolithic Age|Chalcolithic]], 1600 B.C) and Period III ([[Iron Age]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yac.bih.nic.in/Da-02.htm#Chirand|title=distinguishing features of Chirand Neolithic pottery first noticed at Chirand was post-firing painting in ochre colour mainly on grey ware, but sometimes on red-ware also}}</ref>

== Bronze Age (3300–1300 BC) ==

== Iron Age (1500–200 BC) ==

=== Late Vedic Kingdoms ===
1100–500 BCE: [[Mithila, India|Mithila]] region of Bihar became the centre of Indian power, in the [[Vedic Period]] under the rule of Janaks. [[Sita]], daughter of one of the Janaks of [[Mithila, India|Mithila]] is mentioned as the consort of [[Rama|Lord Rama]], in the [[Hindu epic]] [[Ramayana]], written by [[Valmiki]].<ref>{{citation|author=Michael Witzel|author-link=Michael Witzel| url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/dialects.pdf |title=Tracing the Vedic dialects, in ''Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes''| editor= Colette Caillat| editor-link= Colette Caillat| publisher= Paris: de Boccard |year=1989}}</ref>

===Mahajanpadas===
*Around 500-300 BCE: Foundation and rule of world's first [[republic]], [[Vajji]], a confederation of various clans, in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of present-day Bihar with a capital at [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]]. The Lichhivis were the most powerful clan of the Vajji.
*560-480 BCE: Rule of [[Anga]] Kingdom in present-day south-eastern Bihar.
*490 BCE: Establishment of [[Pataliputra]] (Modern Patna).
*Before 325 BCE: [[Nanda empire|Nanda clan]] rules in [[Magadha]].

=== Early Magadha Empire ===

*450 BC-362 BCE: [[Mahapadma Nanda]] was ruler of the [[Magadha|Magadh Empire]], [[Nanda Empire|Nanda]] dynasty.
*325 BC-185 BCE: Period of the [[Maurya Empire|Maurya dynasty]].
*340 BCE: Period of [[Chandragupta Maurya]]
*304 BCE: [[Ashoka]] born in [[Pataliputra]]
*273 BCE: Ashoka crowned emperor of Magadh
*273 BC-232 BCE: Ashoka expands Magadh to greatest territorial extent, with [[Pataliputra]] (modern Patna) the capital of Magadh
*232 BCE Death of [[Ashoka]]

== Middle Kingdoms (230 BC – 1206 AD) ==
*185 BCE-80 BCE: [[Shunga Empire|Shunga]] dynasty established by Magadh general [[Pushyamitra Shunga]].
*75 BCE-26 BCE: [[Kanva dynasty|Kanva]] dynasty
*240 AD-600 AD: [[Gupta Dynasty]]. First ruler is [[Srigupta]].
*375 AD-415 AD: Reign of [[Chandragupta II]].
*500 AD: Attack by [[Huna people|Huna]] tribe weakens the Gupta dynasty.

*Around 6th century-11th century: The rule of [[Pala Empire|Pala]] and [[Sena dynasty|Sena dynasties]] in [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] region.
*600 - 650: The empire of [[Harsha|Harsha Vardhana]] expands into Magadh.
*750 - 1200: The Pala dynasty expands into Magadh.
*11th century- around 1325: The [[Karnat dynasty]] rules the Mithila region.

== Medieval Period (1206–1526) ==
*1200: [[Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiyar Khalji|Bakhtiyar Khilji]]'s army destroys the Buddhist universities at [[Nalanda]] and [[Vikramshila]]. Start of the Afghan-Muslim rule in the Magadh region.
*1200-1400: Sharp decline of [[Buddhism]] in Bihar and northern India in general
*1250-1526: Magadh (c. 1250) and Mithila (c. 1325) regions come under the rule of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].

== Modern Period (1526 - 1757) ==
*1526-1540: Mughal Emperor [[Babur]] defeats the last Sultan of the [[Delhi Sultanate]], Lodi, and establishes the [[Mughal Empire]].

*1540-1555: [[Sher Shah Suri|Sher Shah]] captures empire from Mughals.
*1540-1555: Building of the Grand Trunk Road, introduction of the [[rupee]] and of custom duties
*1556: Mughal dynasty regains control of Agra after the [[Second Battle of Panipat|Battle of Panipat]].

*1556 - 1764: A province named "Bihar" is formed and ruled under the [[Mughal Empire]].
*1666: [[Guru Gobind Singh]] The 10th and last Sikh Guru, is born in modern-day Patna

== [[Colonial India|Colonial Period]] (1757 – 1947) ==

=== British East India Company ===

* 1757-1857: The [[British East India Company]] expands its rule into Bihar from Bengal

*1764: [[Battle of Buxar]]: Tax collection becomes the duty of the [[East India Company]].
*1764-1920 Migration of Bihari & United Provinces workers across the British world by the Company and later British government.

*1857: Period of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. East India Company Sepoys from the Bengal Army (80% Hindu according to [[William Daryample]] in the book "The Last Mughal") declare Bahadur Shah Zafar II Emperor of Hindustan. The region becomes the centre of resistance to the East India Company. End of the Muslim Era.

=== The British Rulers ===
*1858: [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Sultanate-e-Hind reorganised to form the new [[British Indian Empire]] after the British Government abolishes the [[Honourable East India Company|East India Company]].

*1877: [[House of Windsor]] is made the new Imperial Royal Family. [[Queen Victoria]] declared the first Emperess of the British Indian Empire
*1912: Province of [[Bihar and Orissa]] separated from Bengal.
*1913: Start of the dramatic slowdown in wealth creation in India and Bihar
*1916: Patna High Court founded
*1917:[[Mahatma Gandhi]] arrives in Champaran with a team of<ref name="aicc">{{cite web
| url=http://www.aicc.org.in/satyagraha_laboratories_of_mahatma_gandhi.htm
| title=SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENT OF MAHATMA GANDHI
|author=aicc
| publisher=aicc
| accessdate=2006-12-08
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061206050856/http://www.aicc.org.in/satyagraha_laboratories_of_mahatma_gandhi.htm  |archivedate = 2006-12-06}}</ref> eminent lawyers:<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.aicc.org.in/satyagraha_laboratories_of_mahatma_gandhi.htm
| title=SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENT
|author=aicc
| publisher=aicc
| accessdate=2008-07-08
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625022557/http://www.aicc.org.in/satyagraha_laboratories_of_mahatma_gandhi.htm  |archivedate = 2008-06-25}}</ref> [[Brajkishore Prasad]], [[Rajendra Prasad]], [[Shri Krishna Sinha]], [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] and others.<ref name="aicc"/> The Champaran [[Satyagraha]] movement is launched.Establishment of [[Patna University]].
*1925: Patna Medical College Hospital was established under the name "Prince of Wales Medical College"

*1935: 1935 Government of India Act federates the Indian Empire.
*1936: Sir James David Sifton appointed the first Governor of Bihar.
*1937: First Democratic election of Bihar in March 1937.Congress emerged as the largest political party, [[Muslim Independent Party]] headed by Barrister Muhammad Yunus stood second. Barrister Mohammad Yunus formed Government and became first Premier(April- July, 1937 )of Bihar province.
*1937:The first<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.aicc.org.in/satyagraha_laboratories_of_mahatma_gandhi.htm
| title= First Congress Government:1937
|author=S Shankar
| publisher=website
| accessdate=2006-12-08
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061206050856/http://www.aicc.org.in/satyagraha_laboratories_of_mahatma_gandhi.htm  |archivedate = 2006-12-06}}
</ref> Congress ministry is formed in Bihar under provincial autonomy granted by British rule, Dr.[[Sri Krishna Sinha]] sworn<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.freeindia.org/dynamic/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=510
| title=Dr. S K Sinha
|author=
| publisher=official website
| accessdate=2008-01-03
}}</ref> in as Premier and Dr.[[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] became<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.kamat.com/database/biographies/anugrah_narayan_sinha.htm
| title=1937:A N Sinha, Finance Minister
|author=Kamat
| publisher=Kamat's archive
| accessdate=2004-01-04
}}</ref> Deputy Premier cum [[Finance Minister]].Other two ministers inducted were Syed Mehmud and Jaglal Chaudhry.
*1942:Launch of Quit India Movement.Prominent Bihar leaders like [[Rajendra Prasad]], [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] & [[Sri Krishna Sinha]] imprisoned.

== Post Independence (1947 – 1990) ==
* 1946:First Cabinet of Bihar formed; consisting<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.indiarightsonline.com/Sabrang/india7.nsf/38b852a8345861dd65256a980059289d/43f22a268865987a652570de007d9457?OpenDocument
|title = The Sri Babu-Anugrah babu government
|author = S Shankar
|publisher = website
|accessdate = 2005-04-08
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130527160946/http://www.indiarightsonline.com/Sabrang/india7.nsf/38b852a8345861dd65256a980059289d/43f22a268865987a652570de007d9457?OpenDocument
|archivedate = 2013-05-27
}}</ref> of two members, [[Sri Krishna Sinha]] as first [[List of Chief Ministers of Bihar|Chief Minister of Bihar]] and Dr. [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]]<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.kamat.com/database/biographies/anugrah_narayan_sinha.htm
| title=Anugrah Narayan Sinha
|author=Kamat
| publisher=Kamat's archive
| accessdate=2006-11-25
}}</ref> as Bihar's first [[List of Deputy Chief Ministers of Bihar|Deputy Chief Minister]] cum Finance<ref>{{cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQCRixJzOgsC&pg=PA123
| title=First Finance cum Labour Minister
|author=Dr. Rajendra Prasad's Letters to Anugrah Narayan Sinha
| publisher=Rajendra Prasad's archive
| accessdate=2007-06-25
| isbn=9788170230021
| year=1989
}}</ref> Minister (also in charge of Labour, Health, Agriculture and Irrigation). Other ministers are inducted later. The cabinet served as the first Bihar government after independence in 1947.
*1947: [[Partition of India|Indian Independence]]; Bihar becomes a state in the new [[Dominion of India]].
*1947-1949: Hindu-Muslim [[Religious violence in India|religious violence]] leads to the migration of millions of Bihari Muslims to [[Pakistan]] (West and East)
*1952 [[Indian Government]] adopts symbols related to Bihar ([[Ashoka Chakra]] for the Indian flag, the Lion Pillar is made the symbol of the central government of India, all state governments, reserve bank, and the military, whilst the rupee, introduced in the area which is part of modern-day Bihar, is retained as the currency)
*1950 Dr. [[Rajendra Prasad]] is appointed first [[President of India]].
*1952: State government initiates many irrigation and industrial development projects.<ref>{{cite news
| title =
| author =
| publisher = TOI
| date = 1998-01-01
}}</ref> It included several river valley projects right from Koshi, Aghaur and Sakri to several other such river projects.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Bihar's first exemplary government
| author =
| work = [[The Times of India]]
| date = 1998-01-01
}}</ref>
*1952-57:Purulia became a part of West Bengal state.Bihar rated as the best administered among the states in the country.<ref>{{cite news
|url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/patna/Lot-of-injustice-has-been-done-with-Bihar-Nitish/Article1-467812.aspx
|title = Bihar was once best administrated state during first government's tenure under sri babu:Nitish Kumar
|publisher = [[The Hindustan Times]]
|date = 2009-12-15
|accessdate = 2009-12-15
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110606131356/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/patna/Lot-of-injustice-has-been-done-with-Bihar-Nitish/Article1-467812.aspx
|archivedate = 2011-06-06
}}</ref>
*1955 The Birla Institute of Technology(BIT) is established<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bitmesra.ac.in/institute/index.html |title=1955:BIT Mesra is founded |author=Official Website BIT |publisher=BIT |accessdate=2008-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226192613/http://www.bitmesra.ac.in/institute/index.html |archivedate=26 February 2008 }}</ref> at Mesra, Ranchi.
*1957-62:Second five-year plan period, Bihar government brought several heavy industries like Barauni Oil Refinery, HEC plant at Hatia, Bokaro Steel Plant, [[Barauni Fertiliser Plant]], [[Barauni Thermal Power Station]], Maithon Hydel Power Station, Sulphur mines at Amjhaur, Sindri Fertiliser Plant, Kargali Coal Washery, Barauni Dairy Project, etc. for the all round development of the state.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Bihar's first exemplary government
| author =
| work = [[The Times of India]]
| date = 1998-01-01
}}</ref>

*1974 - 1977: Suspension of the Republican Constitution. Immediately after proclamation of emergency, prominent<ref>{{cite book
| url = http://www.countercurrents.org/cip200610.htm
| title = Emergency: Top Oppositional political leaders arrested
| author = Official Excerpts from Speech of Veteran Journalist
| publisher =Website
| work =Official Website
| date =
| accessdate = 2015-08-31}}</ref> opposition political leaders from Bihar like [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] & [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]] were arrested without any prior notice. Bihar is the centre of resistance against the Emergency.
*1977: [[Janata Party]] Came to power at Centre and in [[Bihar]];[[Karpoori Thakur]] became CM after winning chief ministership battle from the<ref>{{cite book
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5xj0g8euumQC&q=satyendra+narayan+sinha&pg=PA211
| title =Bihar chief ministership battle 1977
| author =
| publisher =Website
| work =
| date =June 2003
| accessdate = 2007-06-04
| isbn =9788170170617
}}</ref> then [[Janata Party]] [[President (corporate title)|President]] Satyendra Narayan Sinha.
*1984: [[Indira Gandhi]] Assassination leads to deadly anti-Sikh Riots in northern India, including Bihar.
*1985: Pandit [[Bindeshwari Dubey]] sworn in as Bihar Chief Minister after Congress's victory in assembly elections. [[Kanti thermal power station]] started operations as the second thermal power plant in Bihar, after [[Barauni Thermal Power Station]], with the help of efforts by the then MP of Muzaffarpur, [[George Fernandes]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-09-13/patna/27253822_1_nabinagar-mega-power-projects-ntpc-officials | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021060150/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-09-13/patna/27253822_1_nabinagar-mega-power-projects-ntpc-officials | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-10-21 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=The Times of India: Latest News India, World & Business News, Cricket & Sports, Bollywood}}</ref>
*1988-1990: Removal of Bihar CM [[Bhagwat Jha Azad]], Veteran Leader<ref name="ajphilip_tribune_gentleman">{{cite web
| url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060907/edit.htm#8
| title=A gentleman among politicians:Chhote Saheb
| author=A.J. Philip
| work=The Tribune
| accessdate=2006-09-05
}}</ref> S N Sinha sworn in as [[List of Chief Ministers of Bihar|Chief Minister of Bihar]], [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] appointed [[Leader Of Opposition]].

== Recent 1990 ==

=== Lalu–Rabri Yadav (1990 – 2005) ===
*1990: Janta Dal won the Bihar election, Laloo Prasad becomes Bihar Chief Minister defeating former Janata Party CM [[Ram Sundar Das]].
*1990 - 2005: Social justice
*1995: [[Janata Dal|Janta Dal's]] second electoral victory.
*1995- 2000: Economic stagnation, state GDP contracts.
*1996: Lalu Prasad appoints wife, [[Rabri Devi]], as Chief Minister.
*1997: Split in Janta Dal, [[Nitish Kumar]] and [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] create [[Janata Dal (United)|Janta Dal (United)]].
*1999:President's ruled is imposed in [[Bihar]] because of complete denigration of governance;lifted because it is not endorsed by the Rajya Sabha;Rabri Devi is back as CM.
*2000: Bihar divided into two states, ie, Bihar and Jharkhand by the [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] central government.
*2000: Lalu Prasad's split Janta Dal wins elections.
*2000:Nitish Kumar becomes Bihar Chief Minister for seven days;resigns after his government fails to garner majority. Janata Dal is back in power.
*2002 - 2004: Deadly crime wave grips [[Patna]] and Bihar.
*2003: [[Maharashtra]] railways exams attacks, Assam ethnic conflict.

=== Nitish Kumar ( Post 1997) ===

*2005: In Feb, [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]/ [[Rabri Devi]] lose power after 15 years
*2005: In November, Janta Dal (United) with the BJP wins the state election.
*2005 - 2007: [[Nitish Kumar]] is declared the best Chief Minister in India by the India Today magazine
*2007: Bhojpuri cinema hall complex bombed in Punjab. 6 UP and Bihari migrant workers killed.
*2008: Second Bihari-Bhojpuri Immigrant Worker Crisis: Migrants and students attacked in Maharashtra, Assam, Manipur, and Nagaland. Economic revival Q1 2008, resulting in labour shortages in Punjab, Maharashtra.<ref name="bihar_basher">{{cite news
| last = Goswami
| first = Urmi A
| title = Biharis get work at home, bashers realise their worth
| publisher = The Economic Times
| date = 2008-06-17
| url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/Biharis_get_work_at_home_bashers_realise_their_worth/articleshow/3135697.cms
| accessdate = 2008-06-17 }}</ref>
*2008: Floods in Mithla region kill 3,000 people, displace millions.
*2010:[[Nitish Kumar]] again becomes Bihar [[Chief Minister]] after a historic mandate.
*2014: [[Nitish Kumar]] resigns after the historic debacle in 2014 Lok Sabha elections; Jitan Ram Manjhi is Bihar's new CM
*20 November 2015 [[Nitish Kumar]] sworn in as Bihar CM for the fourth time<ref>[https://archive.today/20150223141344/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/back-as-bihar-cm-for-the-fourth-time-nitish-kumar-has-his-task-cut-out/529994-37.html]</ref> after resignation of incumbent [[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]
*26 July 2017 - [[Nitish Kumar]] becomes Chief Minister of Bihar for the record fifth time after spectacular victory of Grand Alliance coalition, Former Chief Minister [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]'s younger son [[Tejashwi Yadav]], a debutant MLA, is sworn in as the fourth [[Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar]], becoming the youngest person to hold the post, while the elder son of [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]], [[Tej Pratap]] becomes Health Minister of Bihar.

==References and footnotes==
<references/>

{{History of India by State}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bihar timeline}}
[[Category:History of Bihar| ]]
[[Category:Timelines of Indian states|Bihar]]

Timeline of Bihar - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

>Elinruby: /* Early Magadha Empire */Linked above