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{{short description|Archeological site and cave in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{multiple image|perrow=1|total_width=270|caption_align=center
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| image1 = Vrishni triad shown in a rock painting at Tikla, M.P. 3rd-2nd century BCE.jpg
| caption1 = Vrishni triad shown in a rock painting at Tikla, [[Madhya Pradesh]], 3rd-2nd century BCE. These would be [[Balarama]], [[Vāsudeva]] and the female deity [[Ekanamsha]].<ref name="VKG71">{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Vinay K. |title=Vrishnis in Ancient Literature and Art |pages=70-72 |url=https://www.academia.edu/40656540/Vrishnis_in_Ancient_Literature_and_Art |language=en}}</ref> The inscription in [[Brahmi]] reads: ''Dambukena kāritam odanakita'', probably conveying a contribution by someone named Dambuka.<ref name="VKG71"/>
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'''Tikla''', or '''Tikula''', is an archeological site and ancient rock shelter in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]], known for its [[petroglyphs]].<ref name="VKG71"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chakravarty |first1=Kalyan Kumar |last2=Bednarik |first2=Robert G. |last3=Saṅgrahālaya |first3=Indirā Gāndhī Rāshṭrīya Mānava |title=Indian Rock Art and Its Global Context |date=1997 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1464-6 |page=85 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WsDUyOxCE4cC&pg=PA85 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Tiwari |first1=Shiv Kumar |title=Riddles of Indian Rockshelter Paintings |date=2000 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-086-3 |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-jO0fvT4r9gC&pg=PA19 |language=en}}</ref> Tikla is situated around {{convert|170|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of [[Mathura]] and {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Gwalior]] on the [[Agra]] to [[Mumbai]] road near the town of Mohana on the right bank of the [[Parbati River (Madhya Pradesh)|Parvati river]].<ref name="VKG71"/><ref>"Subsequently, the rock shelters were discovered at Tikla village situated on the right bank of Parvati river at a distance of one km from Mohna town on the Agra- Bombay road." {{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Raj Kumar |last2=Tripathi |first2=K. K. |last3=Pandey |first3=Shyam Kumar |title=Recent Perspectives on Prehistoric Art in India and Allied Subjects: Essays in Honour of Dr. Shyam Kumar Pandey |date=1996 |publisher=Aryan Books International |isbn=978-81-7305-070-1 |page=149 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KbKfAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>

Probably the earliest known Indian depiction of the Mathuran known as the [[Vrishni heroes]], is a rock painting found at Tikla.<ref name="VKG71"/> This rock painting is dated to the 3rd-2nd century BCE, based on the paleography of the [[Brahmi]] inscription accompanying it.<ref name="VKG71"/> The deities are depicted wearing a [[dhoti]] with a peculiar headdress, and are shown holding their attributes: a plow and a sort of mace for [[Balarama]], and a mace and a wheel for [[Vāsudeva]]. A third smaller character is added, forming what can be called a [[Vrishni heroes|Vrishni trio]], in the person of a female, thought to be the Goddess [[Ekanamsha]], who seems to hold a ''[[Chatra (umbrella)|Chatra]]'' royal umbrella.<ref name="VKG71"/> These depictions belong to "Period IV" of the rock shelter, and are accompanied by contemporaneous images of elephant riders, horse riders and flowers.<ref>"Period IV In this period, the figures of Balarama, Krishna, elephant rider, horse rider and flower decoration are depicted." in {{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Raj Kumar |last2=Tripathi |first2=K. K. |last3=Pandey |first3=Shyam Kumar |title=Recent Perspectives on Prehistoric Art in India and Allied Subjects: Essays in Honour of Dr. Shyam Kumar Pandey |date=1996 |publisher=Aryan Books International |isbn=978-81-7305-070-1 |page=149 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KbKfAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>

Tikla has a famous carved petroglyph representing a maze. It is the earliest known maze design in India, is dated to 250 BCE, and it is thought that the design was introduced with the campaigns of [[Alexander the Great]].<ref>"The earliest datable example is a cave painting at Tikla in Madhya Pradesh, India, from around 250 BCE...." {{cite book |last1=Bounford |first1=Julie E. |title=The Curious History of Mazes: 4,000 Years of Fascinating Twists and Turns with Over 100 Intriguing Puzzles to Solve |date=2018 |publisher=Wellfleet Press |isbn=978-0-7603-6302-7 |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZIBuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|25.877987|N|77.762694|E|display=title}}
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Gwalior district]]

{{India-history-stub}}
{{Prehistoric caves}}

Tikla - Revision history

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