->Rodw: Disambiguated: Meluha → Meluhha, Bangles → Bangle, paddy → paddy (unmilled rice)

2021-09-29T20:46:04Z

Disambiguated: Meluha → Meluhha, Bangles → Bangle, paddy → paddy (unmilled rice)

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tigrana
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.862|N|76.137|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bhiwani district|Bhiwani]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhiwani]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
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| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
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| population_total = 10712
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web|title=Tigrana village|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=62780|publisher=[[Census of India]]|access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
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| footnotes =
}}

'''Tigrana''' is a village and [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] (IVC) archaeological sites in the [[Bhiwani district]] of [[Haryana]] state of [[India]]. It lies on the [[National Highway 709A (India)|NH-709A]] ([[Loharu]]-[[Bhiwani]]-[[Mundhal Khurd|Mundhal]]-[[Jind]] route) approximately {{convert|7|km}} north of the district headquarters town of [[Bhiwani]].

== People ==

=== Demography ===

{{As of|2011|alt=As of the [[2011 Census of India]]}}, the village had 2,053 households with a population of 10,712 of which 5,703 were male and 5,009 female. All inhabitants are Hindus and the dominate castes are [[jat people|jats]], [[Other Backward Class|OBC]] and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC]].<ref name=census />

=== Culture and festivals ===

Tigrana is famous for the temple Baba Paramhans Tigrania (Baba Chorewala). Each year the temple celebrates a Hindu festival ([[melā]]) in the month of July (5th [[tithi]] of the month of [[Shraavana]]).

== Indus-Saraswati Valley Civilisation ==

=== Mounds and history of excavation ===
{{see also | Pottery in the Indian subcontinent#History | l1= Pottery of Archaeological culture | Pottery#Archaeology | l2= Archaeological analysis of pottery | Pottery#Fabric | l3= Fabric analysis of pottery | Archaeological culture }}

In 2021, [[Central University of Haryana]] under the leadership of the Excavation Director Professor Dr. Narendra Parmar. It is carried out in association with the [[Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute]] in which students from Haryana, [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Assam]], [[Maharashtra]], and [[Kerala]] also participated. Excavation is also aimed at finding out the source and trade network of bronze, copper, precious stones, jewellery, agriculture, economics, food habits and consumables, domestic and wildlife species, etc.<ref name=tig1>[https://www.jagran.com/haryana/hisar-harappan-period-evidence-found-in-tigdana-of-bhiwani-many-revelations-in-research-jagran-special-22064156.html भिवानी में मिले हड़प्पा काल के साक्ष्य, तिगड़ाना में होती थी खेती, शोध में हुए कई खुलासे, देखें तस्वीरें], Dainik Jargan, 29 Sept 2021.</ref>

===Dating ===
{{anchor | Dating | Dates }}
{{see also | Phase (archaeology) | l1= Phases in archaeology | Chronological dating | l2= Archaeological chronology dating | Pottery#Fabric | l3= Fabric analysis | Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation | l4= Periodisation of IVC | Pottery in the Indian subcontinent | l5= Archaeological pottery culture in India }}

Dating and scientific tests were done at the laboratory of [[Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences]] (BSIP) at [[Lucknow]]. Artifacts were dated to be 5000 years old belonging to the "[[Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation#Concordance of periodisations|Early Harappan Phase]]".<ref name=tig1/>

===Finds ===

====Seal, script and language ====
{{see also | Harappan language | Meluhha }}

A 5000 year old seal was found with 4 alphabets of the [[Harappan language|IVC script and language]] painted in black. This seal has 4 alphabets or characters, from right to left, a vertical fish shaped character, followed by two upward arrow shaped characters and finally a U-shaped character. Elsewhere, overall nearly 500 characters or alphabets of IVC script have been found which are yet to be deciphered.<ref name=tig1/>

====Houses and pottery ====

A house made of 10 x 20 x 34 cm mud bricks was found which had one large room, courtyard, gallery or veranda, two small rooms and a kitchen. Pottery of baked clay found here includes kitchen utensils, such as [[thali]] (platter), [[Matki (earthen pot)|matka]] (pot), bowl, "bela" (flat-bottomed wide and shallow bowl with rim), and other kitchen artifacts with attractive paintings.<ref name=tig1/>

====Jewelry, precious stones, and metals ====

Bronze metal was found. Other finds include semi-precious stones such as [[agate]], [[carnelian]], [[sodalite]], [[steatite]] (soapstone), [[faience]], etc. which were used for making jewelry and lockets. [[Bangle]]s and beads made from [[conch shell]], baked clay beads and bangles, etc. were also found.<ref name=tig1/>

====Agriculture and crop ====

BSIP tests concluded that 5000 years ago five crops, namely "bajara" ([[pearl millet]]), [[barley]], "jawar" ([[sorghum]]), and [[Lentil|pulses]] were cultivated at Tigrana. Some of the pottery is painted with the pictures of [[paddy (unmilled rice)|paddy]] (rice) crop. Finds include terracotta figurines of animals of which the bull figurines are most numerous indicating the abundance and importance of domesticated bull in the local agriculture and economy. Figurine of [[bullock cart]] was also found.<ref name=tig1/>

====Trade ====
{{see also | Indus–Mesopotamia relations | Meluhha#Conflict_with_the_Akkadians_and_Neo-Sumerians | l2= Conflict with Akkadians and Neo-Sumerians }}

Carnelian found here, which is not found locally and is found around [[Gulf of Khambhat]], indicates trade with [[Gujarat]] via shipping channels of paleo-[[Sarasvati River]].<ref name=tig1/>

===Context - related sites nearby ===

There are several [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] sites and cultures nearby.

* [[Meluhha]]
** [[Indus–Mesopotamia relations]]
** [[Meluhha#Conflict with the Akkadians and Neo-Sumerians|Conflict with the Akkadians and Neo-Sumerians]]
* Some of the [[List of Indus Valley Civilization sites]] within Haryana are as follows:
** [[Bhirrana]], 4 phases of IVC with earliest dated to 8th-7th millennium BCE
** [[Kalibanga]], an IVC town and fort with several phases starting from Early harappan phase
** [[Rakhigarhi]], one of the largest IVC city with 4 phases of IVC with earliest dated to 8th-7th millennium BCE
** [[Rakhigarhi Indus Valley Civilisation Museum]]
** [[Kunal, Haryana|Kunal]], cultural ancestor of [[Rehman Dheri]]
** [[Mitathal]], 5 km northeast of Tigrana
* [[List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization]]
** [[Hydraulic engineering of the Indus Valley Civilization]]
** [[Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation]]
* [[Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation]]
** [[Pottery in the Indian subcontinent]]
** [[Bara culture]], subtype of Late-Harappan Phase
** [[Cemetery H culture]] (2000-1400 BC), early Indo-Aryan pottery at IVC sites later evolved into [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] of [[Vedic period]]
** [[Black and red ware]], belonging to neolithic and Early-Harappan phases
** [[Siswal#Sothi|Sothi-Siswal culture]], subtype of Early-Harappan Phase

==See also ==

* [[Haryana Tourism]]
* [[History of Haryana]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana]]
* [[List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Indus Valley Civilization}}
{{Haryana}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in Haryana]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Hisar district]]
[[Category:Pre-Indus Valley Civilisation sites]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Haryana]]
[[Category:Villages in Bhiwani district]]

Tigrana, Bhiwani - Revision history

->Rodw: Disambiguated: Meluha → Meluhha, Bangles → Bangle, paddy → paddy (unmilled rice)