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-'''Thulung''' or '''Thulung luwa ({{lang|tdh|थुलुङ लुवा}})''' is a Kirati ({{lang|ne|किराती}}) language or  Rai ({{lang|ne|किराती राई  भाषा}}) language spoken in parts of [[Nepal]] and [[Sikkim]]. It is also known as Thulunge Rai, Thulu Luwa, Thulung La, Thulung Jemu, and Toaku Lwa.
+'''Thulung''' or '''Thulung luwa ({{lang|tdh|थुलुङ लुवा}})''' is a Kirati ({{lang|ne|किराती}}) language or  Rai ({{lang|ne|किराती राई  भाषा}}) language spoken in parts of [[Nepal]] and [[Sikkim]].
 ==References==

imported>Normal Name: Ignore previous edit; added Template:Lang and Template:Transl myself

2021-09-07T05:37:30Z

Ignore previous edit; added Template:Lang and Template:Transl myself

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Thulung {{lang|tdh|थुलुङ}}
|region=[[Nepal]]नेपाल, [[India]]भारत
|speakers={{sigfig|20,700|2}} in Nepal
|date=2011 census
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=[[Mahakiranti languages|Mahakiranti]]
|fam3=[[Kirati languages|Kirati]]
|fam4= [[Kiranti languages|Rai]] Western
|fam5=Midwestern
|iso3=tdh
|glotto=thul1246
|glottorefname=Thulung
}}

'''Thulung''' or '''Thulung luwa ({{lang|tdh|थुलुङ लुवा}})''' is a Kirati ({{lang|ne|किराती}}) language or Rai ({{lang|ne|किराती राई भाषा}}) language spoken in parts of [[Nepal]] and [[Sikkim]]. It is also known as Thulunge Rai, Thulu Luwa, Thulung La, Thulung Jemu, and Toaku Lwa.

==Grammar==
Thulung has [[subject-object-verb]] word order and does not use [[grammatical number]]. Like many SOV languages, it uses [[Postposition|postpositions]], [[Genitive|genitives]] before nouns, and case suffixes. Thulung also places demonstratives and numerals before nouns.<ref>{{cite web |title=Language Thulung |url=https://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_thu |website=The World Atlas of Linguistic Structures Online |publisher=Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology |access-date=20 November 2020}}</ref>
==Vocabulary==
{| class="wikitable"
| {{lang|tdh|जाम}} ({{transl|tdh|Jaam}}) || food, rice
|-
| {{lang|tdh|केकु}} ({{transl|tdh|Keku}}) || curry
|-
| {{lang|tdh|म्युच्यु}} ({{transl|tdh|Mychyu}}) || people
|-
| {{lang|tdh|बेबे}} ({{transl|tdh|Bebe}}) || grandfather
|-
| {{lang|tdh|मिमी}} ({{transl|tdh|Mimi}}) || grandmother
|-
| {{lang|tdh|पाप}} ({{transl|tdh|Papa}}) || Father
|-
| {{lang|tdh|माम}} ({{transl|tdh|Maam}}) || Mother
|-
| {{lang|tdh|नानी}} ({{transl|tdh|nani}}) || ({{lang|tdh|दिदी}}) elder sister
|-
| {{lang|tdh|सानी}} ({{transl|tdh|Sani}}) || ({{lang|tdh|बैनी}}) little sister
|-
| {{lang|tdh|युम्पी}} ({{transl|tdh|Yumpi}}) || ({{lang|tdh|कान्छ}}) little sister
|-
| {{lang|tdh|निनी}} ({{transl|tdh|Ninee}}) || Aunt elder to dad
|-
| {{lang|tdh|देब्दे}} ({{transl|tdh|debde}}) || Uncle Elder to Dad
|-
| {{lang|tdh|चिसा}} ({{transl|tdh|chisa}}) ||Husband of mom's brother in law
|-
| {{lang|tdh|वाआ}} ({{transl|tdh|Waa}}) || Elder Brother
|-
| {{lang|tdh|लक/ल्वाक}} ({{transl|tdh|Lwak}}) || Younger Brother
|-
| {{lang|tdh|रिवा}} ({{transl|tdh|Riwa}}) || solti
|-
| {{lang|tdh|रिमे}} ({{transl|tdh|Rime}}) || soltini
|-
| {{lang|tdh|वान्च्यो}} ({{transl|tdh|Wanchyo}}) || solti/soltini
|-
| {{lang|tdh|कुकु}} ({{transl|tdh|Kuku}}) || Mother's Brother
|-
| {{lang|tdh|खौलुङ/सोजाम}} ({{transl|tdh|Khaulung/Sozam}}) || money
|-
| {{lang|tdh|य}} ({{transl|tdh|Ye}}) || cloths
|-
| {{lang|tdh|कु}} ({{transl|tdh|Ku}}) || water
|-
| {{lang|tdh|मु}} ({{transl|tdh|Mu}}) || fire
|-
| {{lang|tdh|फुल}} ({{transl|tdh|phul}}) || flour
|-
| {{lang|tdh|बुङ्मा}} ({{transl|tdh|bungma}}) || flower
|-
| {{lang|tdh|लिसेर}} ({{transl|tdh|Liser}}) || Millet
|-
| {{lang|tdh|ग्वाल}} ({{transl|tdh|Gwal}})|| locally brew wine
|-
| {{lang|tdh|स्यो}} ({{transl|tdh|Syo}}) || meat
|-{{lang|tdh|पापकान्छा}} ({{transl|tdh|Paapkanchha}})=Youngest brother of Father
|-{{lang|tdh|पापजेठा}} ({{transl|tdh|Paapjethaa}})=Eldest brother of Father
|}

==Geographical distribution==
Thulung is spoken in the following locations of Nepal, all of which are located in [[Province No. 1]] (''[[Ethnologue]]'').{{fact|date=August 2019}}

*Southeastern [[Solukhumbu District]]: [[Deusa]], [[Lokhim]], [[Mukli]], [[Jubu, Nepal|Jubu]], [[Tingla]], [[Salyan, Solukhumbu|Salyan]], [[Panchan, Nepal|Panchan]], and [[Necha]] VDC's
*[[Khotang District]]: [[Salle, Nepal|Salle]], [[Jaleswori]], [[Maheswori]] VDC's
*[[Okhaldhunga District]]: [[Kuibhir]] VDC (in 6 or 7 villages)
*[[Bhojpur District, Nepal|Bhojpur District]], [[Kosi Zone]]: 1 village
*West of the slopes’ highest ridges to [[Dudhkosi]], north of Nechedanda and Halesidanda ranges, east of upper Solu River, and south of the Kakukhola and the confluence of Ingkhukhola and Dudhkosi

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Lahaussois |first=Aimée |title=Aspects of the Grammar of Thulung Rai: An Endangered Himalayan Language |date=2002 |degree=Ph.D. |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b17v2kq }}

*{{cite encyclopedia
| last = Nishi 西
| first = Yoshio 義郎
| author-link = Yoshio Nishi
| editor1-first = 孝 Takashi
| editor1-last = 亀井 Kamei
| editor2-first = 六郎 Rokurō
| editor2-last = 河野 Kōno
| editor3-first = 栄一 Eichi
| editor3-last = 千野 Chino
| encyclopedia = 三省堂言語学大辞典 The Sanseido Encyclopaedia of Linguistics
| title = トゥルン語
| trans-title = Thulung, Thulunge, Thulungye, (''LSI'') Thūlung, Thulung Rai; Deusali
| language = ja
| year = 1989c
| publisher = 三省堂 Sanseido Press
| volume = 2
| location = Tokyo
| isbn = 4385152160
| pages = 1269a-1278b
}}

==External links==
*Allen, N.J. [http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ceas;cc=ceas;view=toc;subview=short;idno=ceas005 Sketch of Thulung Grammar: with three texts and a glossary]. Cornell East Asia Series. Ithaca, New York, 1975. (Full text.)

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Kiranti languages}}
{{Languages of Nepal}}

[[Category:Languages of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Languages of Nepal]]
[[Category:Kiranti languages]]

{{st-lang-stub}}

Thulung language - Revision history

->AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Refimprove}}

imported>Normal Name: Ignore previous edit; added Template:Lang and Template:Transl myself