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{{Short description|British official of the East India Company}}
{{for|the English engineering writer and transport historian known as Tom Rolt|L. T. C. Rolt}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2018}}
'''Sir Thomas Rolt''' (c.1631–1710)<ref>{{cite book|author=Hugh C. Prince|title=Parks in Hertfordshire Since 1500|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOYyyPCRbuYC&pg=PA60|accessdate=8 August 2013|year=2008|publisher=Univ of Hertfordshire Press|isbn=978-0-9542189-9-7|page=60}}</ref><ref>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/theme/93241 ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Colonial administrators and post-independence leaders in India (1616–2000).]</ref> was a British official of the [[East India Company]], President of Surat and Governor of Bombay from 1677 to 1681.<ref>{{cite book|author=George Bradshaw|title=Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-Book to the Madras Presidency, and the Central Provinces of India ... Illustrated with splendid maps, etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ARXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA5|accessdate=8 August 2013|year=1864|publisher=W. J. Adams|page=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Great Britain. India Office|title=The India List and India Office List for ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA125|accessdate=8 August 2013|year=1819|publisher=Harrison and Sons|page=125}}</ref> His father was Edward Rolt of [[Pertenhall]] in [[Bedfordshire]]; his mother was Edward Rolt's second wife Mary, a daughter of [[Sir Oliver Cromwell]].<ref>{{acad|RLT607E|Rolt, Edward}}</ref><ref name="CruickshanksHayton2002">{{cite book|author1=Eveline Cruickshanks|author2=D. W. Hayton|author3=Stuart Handley|title=The House of Commons, 1690-1715|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XFwZYYl3M4C&pg=PA297|accessdate=8 August 2013|date=1 January 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-77221-1|page=297}}</ref>

Rolt began his career at the Surat factory of the Company, and was a writer from 1658. He moved to Persia where he was the local chief, agent on the [[Persian Gulf]] from 1671 to 1677.<ref name="CruickshanksHayton2002"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Anne Rowe|title=Hertfordshire Garden History: A Miscellany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lUUE0XTqrWoC&pg=PA52|accessdate=9 August 2013|year=2007|publisher=Univ of Hertfordshire Press|isbn=978-1-905313-38-9|page=52}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Paul John Rich|title=Creating the Arabian Gulf: The British Raj and the Invasions of the Gulf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWBTH2fsNgwC&pg=PA1183|accessdate=8 August 2013|year=2009|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7391-2705-6|page=1183}}</ref> During his period as President of Surat, the Company ordered him to cut back expenditure.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=5289|title=Child, Sir John|first=I. B.|last=Watson}}</ref> Rolt pursued a policy that aimed to be even-handed with respect to the [[Marathas]] and the [[Siddis of Gujarat]], which brought him criticism from [[Richard Keigwin (Governor of Bombay)|Richard Keigwin]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Philip J. Stern Andrew W. Mellon Assistant Professor of History Duke University|title=The Company-State : Corporate Sovereignty and the Early Modern Foundations of the British Empire in India: Corporate Sovereignty and the Early Modern Foundations of the British Empire in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JWjXUXqfCnwC&pg=PA63|accessdate=8 August 2013|date=25 March 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-987518-4|page=63}}</ref>

In 1682 Rolt returned to England with a fortune.<ref name="CruickshanksHayton2002"/> He bought the manor of [[Sacombe]] in [[Hertfordshire]] in 1688, from Sir John Gore. In the vestry of Sacombe Church, there is a memorial to Rolt, who died in 1710, and to his wife, who died in 1716.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43592 |title=Parishes: Sacombe |editor=William Page |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1912 |work=A History of the County of Hertford: volume 3 |accessdate=8 August 2013 }}</ref>

==Family==
[[File:Edward and Constantia Rolt.jpg|thumb|upright|Edward and Constantia Rolt]]
Rolt married Mary, daughter of [[Thomas Coxe]]. [[Edward Rolt]] the Member of Parliament was their son.<ref name="CruickshanksHayton2002"/> Their daughter Constantia married John Kyrle Ernle.<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Burke|author2=Sir Bernard Burke|title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England, Ireland, and Scotland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LKIKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA296|accessdate=8 August 2013|year=1844|publisher=J. R. Smith|page=296}}</ref> The marriage also made Rolt stepfather of [[Samuel Rolt]], another Member of Parliament, and the son of Thomas Rolt of Milton Ernest.<ref>{{cite web|author=Members Constituencies Parliaments Surveys |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/member/rolt-samuel-1671-1717 |title=Rolt, Samuel (c.1671-1717), of Epsom, Surr. |publisher=Historyofparliamentonline.org |date= |accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref>

==Notes==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rolt, Thomas}}
[[Category:British East India Company civil servants]]
[[Category:17th-century English people]]
[[Category:1710 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century births]]
[[Category:18th-century English people]]
[[Category:Governors of Bombay]]

Thomas Rolt - Revision history

Sshschool: made basic pg added tags