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{{for|the professor of social anthropology|Thomas Callan Hodson}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| alt =
| birth_name = Thomas Hodson
| birth_date = 9 February 1804
| birth_place = [[North Scarle]], [[Lincolnshire]], UK
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1882|09|09|1804|01|01}}
| death_place = England
| resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates =
| other_names =
| known_for = [[Missionary]], Wesleyan Canarese Mission, [[Bengaluru Pete|Bangalore Petah]] and [[Gubbi]], [[Linguist]], [[Kannada]] Scholar
| movement =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| spouse = Mary Ann Atkinson (1798–1866) and Sophia Simpson (born 1836)
| relatives =
| children = Richard George Hodson (born 1830) and Margaret Hodson (born 1871)
| awards =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Bangalore, East Indies - Wesleyan Wayside Preaching-Place (Thomas Hodson, p.72, July 1857) - Copy.jpg|thumb|260px|Wesleyan Wayside Canarese Chapel at the Bangalore Petah (1856)<ref name=Offering1857 />]]
[[File:Missionary Preaching Near Entrance to Goobbe (Hodson, 1877, p.33) - Copy.jpg|thumb|260px|Missionary (Hodson) Preaching Near Entrance to Goobbe, 1836 (Hodson, 1877, p.33)<ref name=OldDaniel />]]
[[File:Goobee Mission Cottage (Hodson, 1877, p.46) - Copy.jpg|thumb|260px|Goobee Mission Cottage (Hodson, 1877, p.46)<ref name=OldDaniel>{{cite book|last1=Hodson|first1=Thomas|title=Old Daniel, or, Memoir of a converted Hindoo : with observations on mission work in the Goobbe circuit and description of village life in India|date=1877|publisher=Wesleyan Conference Office|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/olddanielormemoi00hodsiala/page/78 78]|url=https://archive.org/details/olddanielormemoi00hodsiala|accessdate=23 November 2022}}</ref>]]
[[File:Gobbie Chapel (Thomas Hodson, 1877).jpg|thumb|260px|Gobbee Chapel (Hodson, 1877, p.78)<ref name=OldDaniel />]]
[[File:Singonahully Chapel and Village Gateway (Hodson, 1877, p.82) - Copy.jpg|thumb|260px|Singonahully Chapel and Village Gateway (Hodson, 1877, p.82)<ref name=OldDaniel />]]
[[File:Village Chapel and School Near Bangalore (March 1859, XVL, p.24, Sarah Sanderson, 24 November 1858) - Copy.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Wesleyan Village Chapel and School Near Bangalore by Thomas Hodson (1859)<ref name=Offering1859>{{cite journal|last1=Sanderson|first1=Sarah|title=Wesleyan Village Chapel and School Near Bangalore - 24 November 1858|journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering|date=March 1859|volume=XVL|page=24|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil07socigoog|accessdate=10 November 2022}}</ref>]]

'''Thomas Hodson''' was a Wesleyan Missionary, who served in [[India]], in the Wesleyan Canarese Mission, at the [[Bengaluru Pete|Bangalore Petah]] and [[Gubbi]]. He helped in running the first Wesleyan Mission Canarese school in the erstwhile Mysore State. Hodson was a linguist and a [[Kannada]] scholar, and was also fluent in [[Tamil Language|Tamil]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. He helped in establishing the Wesleyan Canarese Chapel (now the [[Hudson Memorial Church, Bangalore|Hudson Memorial Church]]) at Nagarthpete in the Bangalore Petah. In 1864, Hodson wrote ''An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language'', a treatise on the grammar of the Kannada language.<ref name=Offering1857 /><ref name=Moister>{{cite book|last1=Moister|first1=William|title=Missionary worthies, being brief memorial sketches of ministers sent forth by the Wesleyan missionary society who have died in the work from the beginning|date=1885|publisher=T Woolmer|location=London}}</ref><ref name=HHT>{{cite web|last1=Hodson|first1=Thomas|title=School and schoolhouse, Bangalore - Hodson's letter Dec 24 1836|url=http://collection.hht.net.au/firsthhtpictures/fullRecordPicture.jsp?recnoListAttr=recnoList&recno=42467|website=Historic Houses Trust|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref>

==History==
Thomas Hodson was born in 1804, at [[North Scarle]], [[Lincolnshire]], England. In 1829, we came to India as a missionary of the Wesleyan Mission. Initially he was stationed in [[Calcutta]] between 1829-1833, where he learned [[Bengali language|Bengali]] for nearly 3 years. Between 1833-1836, he was transferred to [[Bangalore]], where he learnt [[Canarese]] and Tamil. In 1836, he was appointed to [[Mysore]], and then to Gubbi in 1837. Appointed back to Mysore, he served between 1838-1843. In 1843, he returned to England due to bad health. However, in 1853, he returned to India, and was appointed the chairman and superintendent of the Wesleyan Canarese Mission in the Mysore District. He left India in March 1878 for England, where he died on 9 September 1882.<ref name=HHT /><ref name=Minutes>{{cite journal|title=Continental India: The Madras District|journal=Minutes of Several Conversations at the ... Yearly Conference of the People Called Methodists|volume=7|page=376|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DCIRAAAAIAAJ&q=thomas+g+hodson+missionary+bangalore|accessdate=20 November 2015|publisher=Wesleyan Methodist Church|location=London|year=1838}}</ref><ref name=Mason>{{cite journal|last1=Mason|first1=John|title=Madras District|journal=The Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine|date=1833|volume=56|page=652|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnFJAAAAYAAJ&q=thomas+g+hodson+missionary+bangalore&pg=PA652|accessdate=20 November 2015|publisher=Methodist Church|location=London}}</ref>

Mary Ann Hodson, his wife, died on 10 August 1866, aged 68 years, and is buried at the Agram Protestant Cemetery in Bangalore. The Agram cemetery also has the graves of Jane Peach Rice wife of Benjamin Rice of the [[London Missionary Society]] who died on 11 March 1864 aged 57, Catherine wife of Matthew Trevan Male of the Wesleyan Missionary Society who died on 29 August 1865 aged 49, Fanny Lees child of Catherine and Matthew Male born 29 January 1861 and died 24 April 1861, and Rev. Alexander Maceallum, Missionary of the Free Church of Scotland died 10 June 1862.<ref name="Agram">{{cite web|last1=Johnson|first1=Ronnie|title=The Old Protestant Cemetery or Agram Cemetery|url=http://geocitiessites.com/Athens/2960/grave1.htm|website=Bangalore Walla|accessdate=19 February 2022}}</ref> After her death, Hodson married Sophia Simpson (born 1836) and had another child, Margaret Hodson, who was born in 1871. Hodson also had a son from his first marriage, Richard George Hodson (born 1830),<ref name="Ancestry1">{{cite web|title=Thomas Hodson|url=http://www.ancestry.com.au/genealogy/records/thomas-hodson_84757649|website=Ancestry|accessdate=19 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Ancestry2">{{cite web|title=Sophia Simpson|url=http://www.ancestry.com.au/genealogy/records/sophia-simpson_63297626|website=Ancestry|accessdate=19 February 2022}}</ref> who has contributed articles on Bangalore in the Wesleyan Magazine. Richard also co-authored ''Dialogues in Canarese'', along with Munshi Shrinivasiah and Rev. [[Daniel Sanderson]].<ref name="RHodson">{{cite book |last1=Shrinivasiah |first1=Munshi |last2=Hodson |first2=Richard G |editor1-last=Sanderson |editor1-first=Daniel |title=Dialogues in Canarese |date=1865 |publisher=Wesleyan Mission Press |location=Bangalore |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.CiXIV122b/page/n4 |accessdate=12 August 2022}}</ref>

==In Bangalore==
Arriving in Bangalore from Calcutta, Thomas Hodson and his wife temporarily lived at the Wesleyan Mission House at the [[Bangalore Cantonment]], along with Rev. Hardy. His initial days was spent learning Kannada and Tamil. In particular, Hodson intended to follow the example of the American missionaries in [[Ceylon]] and establish an extensive educational system in Bangalore.

According to Captain Woodward of the 32 NI, reporting on 4 November 1832, the Wesleyan Mission was established in the [[Bangalore Cantonment]] in 1819. The contact till then was restricted to the Tamil population of the Cantonment and the English soldiers. A Wesleyan Chapel had been established in the Bangalore Cantonment (the present Wesley Tamil Church, Haines Road), and services were conducted regularly in Tamil and 1 service every Sunday for the English soldiers. Contact with the Canarese population of the [[Bengaluru Pete|Bangalore Pettah]] was restricted. For reaching out to the Canarese, Thomas Hodson was learning the language, so he would be able to interact with them.<ref name="CalcuttaObserver1834">{{cite journal|last1=Hodson|first1=Thomas|title=Methodist Mission, Madras|journal=The Calcutta Christian Observer|date=January 1834|volume=3|issue=1|pages=50–51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3LYOAAAAIAAJ&q=mrs+little+wesleyan+school+bangalore&pg=PA50|accessdate=14 April 2022}}</ref>

In 1832, Hodson was appointed to Bangalore, along with Peter Percival. Wesleyan missionaries were supposed to take up the dual task of educating and preaching to the locals. Around this time, Hodson decided to start a Mission at Gubbi, which a native town in the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Kingdom]]. Hodson chose Gubbi to set up the mission because in Bangalore, he found that his time and efforts were taken away in preaching to the British and European officers, and he could not concentrate on the local population. However, the Gubbi mission was temporarily abandoned and Hodson returned to Bangalore. In 1834, Hodson purchased about 20 acres of land, just outside the [[Bengaluru Pete|Bangalore Petah]] (the current [[United Mission School]] and College, Unity Buildings, etc.). In the same year, Hodson had to take up the role of Supervisor of the Wesleyan Tamil Mission. During his tenure, he started an Anglo-Tamil school in the [[Bangalore Cantonment|Bangalore Civil and Military Station]]. The reputation of the school spread, and several respected Hindu gentlemen of the Petah, requested Hodson to open a Canarese School in the Petah. Hence, a room was rented within the Fort walls and Canarese (Kannada) school was started. In this room, Hodson preached his first sermon in Canarese in 1835.

For some time, Hodson was involved in managing the Tamil works at Bangalore. After some time he moved back to Gubbi, living out in a tent. Rev. Thomas Cryer took over from Hodson as the Supervisor of the Wesleyan Tamil Mission. At this time [[William Arthur (minister)|William Arthur]] (an Irishman, after whom the [[William Arthur Memorial Church, Gubbi|William Arthur Memorial]] [http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xIn7fk6E6RE/UI5BUmvFQoI/AAAAAAAADLs/It8pDKDZmw4/s1600/church+gub.JPG Church] at [[Gubbi|Goobie]] is named after) and Peter Batchelor, laymen who came to Madras to run the Church Ministry Service (CMS) Press joined the Wesleyan Mission, and were transferred to the Weslyan Tamil Mission at [[Bangalore Cantonment]]. Arthur them moved to Gubbi as the Wesleyan missionary.<ref name=Pritchard>{{cite book|last1=Pritchard|first1=John|title=Methodists and their Missionary Societies 1760-1900|date=28 Sep 2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgaiAgAAQBAJ&q=thomas+hodson+missionary+bangalore&pg=PT114|accessdate=20 November 2015|isbn=9781409470519}}</ref> Thomas Hodson recorded the experiences of the Gubbi Mission in his book ''Old Daniel, or, Memoir of a converted Hindoo: with observations on mission work in the Goobbe circuit and description of village life in India'', which provides an excellent account of village life in the 19th century Mysore State.<ref name=OldDaniel /><ref name=Findlay>{{cite book|last1=Findlay|first1=George Gillanders|last2=Holdsworth|first2=William West|title=The history of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society: Volume 5|date=1921|publisher=The Epworth Press|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofwesleya05find/page/206 206]–107|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwesleya05find|accessdate=25 November 2022}}</ref>

==Wesleyan Canarese Mission==
According to [[William Arthur (minister)|William Arthur]], the Wesleyan Canarese Mission was located in the [[Bengaluru Pete|Bangalore Petah]], at about 3 miles from the Wesleyan Tamil Mission house. The land for the Wesleyan Canarese Mission was obtained by Thomas Hodson, and was located just outside one of the town gates. Initially, it was a school with a school room which served as the residence of the school master. The school provided English education and considerable number of students were enrolled. Thereafter Mr. Webber was sent to this mission. In 1840, Garrett and Jenkins were appointed as Wesleyan Canarese missionaries, with an authority to build a printing press and a mission-house. Thus was established the Wesleyan Mission Press, with the funding coming from English gentry. The missionaries started to preach in the streets of the petah in the early hours of the day. The sermon was simple Christian concepts such as unity of God, atonement of Christ, etc.<ref name=Arthur>{{cite book|last1=Arthur|first1=William|title=A Mission To The Mysore With Scenes And Facts Illustrative Of India, Its People And Its Religion|date=1850|publisher=Partridge and Oakey|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/missiontomysorw00arth/page/163 163]–164|url=https://archive.org/details/missiontomysorw00arth|accessdate=24 November 2022}}</ref>

==Thomas Hodson's Account of the Bangalore Petah, 1856==
Thomas Hodson in 1856, describes Bangalore as consisting of two parts - the [[Bangalore Cantonment|Cantonment]] where the soldiers lived and Tamil was primarily spoken, and the Old Town or the native town ([[Bengaluru Pete|Bangalore Pete]]) where [[Canarese|Kannada]] was the main language. In both parts a total of 130,000 Indians lived.<ref name=Offering1857>{{cite journal|last1=Hodson|first1=Thomas|title=Bangalore: Wesleyan Wayside Preaching-Place|journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering|date=July 1857|volume=XIV|pages=72–74|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil12socigoog|accessdate=11 November 2015|publisher=Wesleyan Mission-House|location=London}}</ref> Further he describes the shops of the Bangalore petah, with mud being used for the walls and the floor, wooden pillars and clay used for flat roofs. There were no windows or any protection from the dust, with a mat from the rooftop for shade. At night, the shops were secured by wooden shutters. The shop-keeper sat on the floor of the shop, or on one of the lower shelves. The traders were cloth merchants, grocers, gold smiths, etc. The shops sold sugarcane, coconut, bananas, rice, sweets which were hung on a string and various grains which were kept in baskets with were smeared with cow-dung. Water carriers carrying water was a common site. There were thousands of monkeys which created mischief, but were unharmed by the natives due to their religious beliefs.<ref name=Offering1856>{{cite journal|last1=Hodson|first1=Richard G|title=A Bazar, or Shop, in One of the Principal Streets of Bangalore|journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering|date=September 1856|volume=XIII|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil18socigoog|accessdate=10 November 2015|publisher=Wesleyan Mission House|location=London}}</ref>

==Sketches==
Thomas Hodson made several sketches about the life in the Bangalore Petah and Mysore State. Many of these were published as engravings in the 'Wesleyan Juvenile Offering'. The original colour sketches are in museums and in private collections. Some of Hodson's sketches are with the [[Museum of Sydney]], The Rocks.

A series of sketches associated with Thomas Hodson, currently in the possession of the Museum of Sydney can be seen at these links below:
* [http://collection.hht.net.au/images_linked/42467/L2007_212_1.jpg Sketch 1]: School and schoolhouse, Bangalore - Hodson's letter Dec 24 1836 / Thomas Hodson (1836). The present premises of the [[United Mission School]] and Unity Buildings. The Kempe Gowda Tower of Lalbagh can be seen at a distance.<ref name=HHT />
* [http://collection.hht.net.au/images_linked/42468/L2007_212_4.jpg Sketch 2]: First examination of boys by Rev. T. Hodson in Rajah's Palace / artist unknown (1841). Shows the students of the Wesleyan Mission School at Mysore being examined at the Palace of the Maharaja.<ref name=HHT2>{{cite web|title=First examination of boys by Rev. T. Hodson in Rajah's Palace|url=http://collection.hht.net.au/firsthhtpictures/fullRecordPicture.jsp?recnoListAttr=recnoList&recno=42468|website=Historic House Trust, NSW|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref>
* [http://collection.hht.net.au/images_linked/42455/L2007_114_3a.jpg Sketch 3]: The Wesleyan Mission Chapel re-built by the Revd. J. Garrett 1846 (Drawn by J Rozario [?] Junior Scholar High School)(1846)<ref name=HHT3>{{cite web|title=The Wesleyan Mission Chapel re-built by the Revd. J. Garrett 1846 (Drawn by J Rozario [?] Junior Scholar High School)|url=http://collection.hht.net.au/firsthhtpictures/fullRecordPicture.jsp?recnoListAttr=recnoList&recno=42455|website=Historic House Trust, NSW|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref>
* [http://collection.hht.net.au/images_linked/42454/L2007_114_1.jpg Sketch 4]: Front of temporary Mission House, [[Gubbi|Goobie]], Mysore, India / artist unknown (1837)<ref name=HHT4>{{cite web|title=Front of temporary Mission House, Goobie [Mysore, India]|url=http://collection.hht.net.au/firsthhtpictures/fullRecordPicture.jsp?recnoListAttr=recnoList&recno=42454|website=Historic House Trust, NSW|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref>
* [http://collection.hht.net.au/images_linked/42263/L2007_114_2.jpg Sketch 5]: [[Gubbi|Goobie]] Chapel, Mysore, India, opened June 12, 1860 / artist unknown (1860)<ref name=HHT5>{{cite web|title=Goobbe Chapel [Mysore, India], opened June 12th 1860 / artist unknown|url=http://collection.hht.net.au/firsthhtpictures/fullRecordPicture.jsp?recnoListAttr=recnoList&recno=42263|website=Historic House Trust, NSW|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref>

Hodson also recorded other sketches around South India, some of them are below
<gallery mode=packed heights="150px" perrow="4">
File:Crossing the Moodoor River, From a sketch by the Rev. Thomas Hodson (March 1851, VIII, p.26).jpg|Crossing the [[Maddur, Mandya|Moodoor]] River, From a sketch by the Rev. Thomas Hodson (March 1851, VIII, p. 26)<ref name=Offering1851>{{cite journal|title=Crossing the Moodoor River, From a sketch by the Rev. Thomas Hodson|journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering|date=March 1851|volume=VIII|pages=26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bFwEAAAAQAAJ&q=The+Wesleyan+juvenile+offering+1851|accessdate=30 November 2015|publisher=Wesleyan Mission-House|location=London}}</ref>
File:Negapatam Wesleyan Mission-House and the school-romm as it will be when rebuilt (October 1855, p.108, Rev. Thomas Hodson) - Copy.jpg|[[Nagapattinam|Negapatam]] Wesleyan Mission-House and the school-room as it will be when rebuilt (October 1855, p. 108, Rev. Thomas Hodson)<ref name=Offering1855a>{{cite journal|last1=Hodson|first1=Thomas|title=Missionary Tour by the Rev. Thomas Hodson|journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering|date=October 1855|volume=XII|pages=108|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil16socigoog|accessdate=12 November 2015|publisher=Wesleyan Missionary Society|location=London}}</ref>
File:The Wesleyan Mission-House, Manargoody, as it will appear when repaired, with the Manargoody Temple in the distance (November 1855, p.120, Rev. Thomas Hodson) - Copy.jpg|The Wesleyan Mission-House, [[Mannargudi|Manargoody]], as it will appear when repaired, with the Manargoody Temple in the distance (November 1855, p. 120, Rev. Thomas Hodson)<ref name=Offering1855b>{{cite journal|last1=Hodson|first1=Thomas|title=Missionary Tour by the Rev. Thomas Hodson|journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering|date=November 1855|volume=XII|pages=120–124|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil16socigoog|accessdate=12 November 2015|publisher=Wesleyan Missionary Society|location=London}}</ref>
File:Ruins of the Mission-House at Melnattam, Destroyed by a Hurricane (p.138, December 1855, Rev. Thomas Hodson) - Copy.jpg|Ruins of the Mission-House at Melnattam, Destroyed by a Hurricane (p. 138, December 1855, Rev. Thomas Hodson)<ref name=Offering1855c>{{cite journal|last1=Hodson|first1=Thomas|title=Missionary Tour by the Rev. Thomas Hodson|journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering|date=December 1855|volume=XII|pages=138|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil16socigoog|accessdate=12 November 2015|publisher=Wesleyan Missionary Society|location=London}}</ref>
</gallery>

==Notable works==
* ''An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language'' (1864)<ref name=Grammar>{{cite book|last1=Hodson|first1=T|title=An Elementary Grammar of Kannada or Canarese Language|date=1864|publisher=Wesleyan Mission Press|location=Bangalore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozwLAwAAQBAJ&q=An+Elementary+Grammar+of+the+Kannada%2C+or+Canarese+Language&pg=PP1|accessdate=24 November 2015|isbn=9785873933433}}</ref>
* ''Old Daniel, or, Memoir of a converted Hindoo: with observations on mission work in the Goobbe circuit and description of village life in India'' (1877)<ref name=OldDaniel />

== See also ==
*[[Hudson Memorial Church, Bangalore]]
*[[Rice Memorial Church, Bangalore]]
*[[United Mission School]]
*[[William Arthur Memorial Church, Gubbi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Wesleyan Canarese Mission]]
[[Category:Missionary educators]]
[[Category:Missionary linguists]]
[[Category:Methodist missionaries in India]]
[[Category:Dravidologists]]
[[Category:Linguists of Kannada]]
[[Category:Kannada grammar]]
[[Category:Translators of the Bible into Kannada]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Bangalore]]
[[Category:English Methodist missionaries]]

Thomas Hodson - Revision history

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