Thomas Coryat - Revision history

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	Coryat was born in [[Crewkerne]], Somerset,<ref name="curio">{{cite book \|title=Curiosities of Somerset \|last=Leete-Hodge \|first=Lornie \|year=1985 \|publisher=Bossiney Books \|location=Bodmin \|isbn=0-906456-98-3 \|page=96 }}</ref> and lived most of his life in the Somerset village of [[Odcombe]]. He was a son of George Coryate (died 1607).<ref>{{cite ODNB\|last1=Strachan\|first1=Michael\|authorlink1=Michael Strachan (businessman)\|title=Coryate, Thomas (1577?–1617)\|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6364\|accessdate=30 June 2017\|date=Oct 2006}}</ref> He was educated at [[Winchester College]] from 1591, and at [[Gloucester Hall, Oxford]] from 1596 to 1599.<ref>{{cite book\|editor1-last=Foster\|editor1-first=William\|title=Early Travels in India 1583-1619\|year=1921\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|page=234\|url=https://archive.org/stream/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft#page/234/mode/2up/search/at+Winchester}}</ref> He was employed by [[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales\|Prince Henry]], eldest son of [[James I of England\|James I]] as a sort of "court jester" from 1603 to 1607, alongside [[Ben Jonson]], [[John Donne]] and [[Inigo Jones]].<ref name=lote/>		Coryat was born in [[Crewkerne]], Somerset,<ref name="curio">{{cite book \|title=Curiosities of Somerset \|last=Leete-Hodge \|first=Lornie \|year=1985 \|publisher=Bossiney Books \|location=Bodmin \|isbn=0-906456-98-3 \|page=96 }}</ref> and lived most of his life in the Somerset village of [[Odcombe]]. He was a son of George Coryate (died 1607).<ref>{{cite ODNB\|last1=Strachan\|first1=Michael\|authorlink1=Michael Strachan (businessman)\|title=Coryate, Thomas (1577?–1617)\|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6364\|accessdate=30 June 2017\|date=Oct 2006}}</ref> He was educated at [[Winchester College]] from 1591, and at [[Gloucester Hall, Oxford]] from 1596 to 1599.<ref>{{cite book\|editor1-last=Foster\|editor1-first=William\|title=Early Travels in India 1583-1619\|year=1921\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|page=234\|url=https://archive.org/stream/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft#page/234/mode/2up/search/at+Winchester}}</ref> He was employed by [[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales\|Prince Henry]], eldest son of [[James I of England\|James I]] as a sort of "court jester" from 1603 to 1607, alongside [[Ben Jonson]], [[John Donne]] and [[Inigo Jones]].<ref name=lote/>

	From May to October 1608 he undertook a tour of Europe, somewhat less than half of which he walked. He travelled through France and Italy to Venice, and returned via Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands.<ref name=lote/> He published his memoirs of the events in a volume entitled ''[[Coryat's Crudities\|Coryat's Crudities hastily gobbled up in Five Months Travels in France, Italy, &c']]'' (1611).<ref name=lote/><ref>{{cite book\|last=Byford\|first=Enid\|title=Somerset Curiosities\|year=1987\|publisher=Dovecote Press\|isbn=0946159483\|page=[https://archive.org/details/somersetcuriosit0000byfo/page/19 19]\|url=https://archive.org/details/somersetcuriosit0000byfo/page/19}}</ref> This volume gives a vivid picture of life in Europe during the time.<ref>http://www.oshermaps.org/exhibitions/grand-tour-and-tourism-1600-1900/i-the-first-tourist-1611-thomas-coryat</ref>		From May to October 1608 he undertook a tour of Europe, somewhat less than half of which he walked. He travelled through France and Italy to Venice, and returned via Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands.<ref name=lote/> He published his memoirs of the events in a volume entitled ''[[Coryat's Crudities\|Coryat's Crudities hastily gobbled up in Five Months Travels in France, Italy, &c]]'' (1611).<ref name=lote/><ref>{{cite book\|last=Byford\|first=Enid\|title=Somerset Curiosities\|year=1987\|publisher=Dovecote Press\|isbn=0946159483\|page=[https://archive.org/details/somersetcuriosit0000byfo/page/19 19]\|url=https://archive.org/details/somersetcuriosit0000byfo/page/19}}</ref> This volume gives a vivid picture of life in Europe during the time.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.oshermaps.org/exhibitions/grand-tour-and-tourism-1600-1900/i-the-first-tourist-1611-thomas-coryat \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124100752/http://www.oshermaps.org/exhibitions/grand-tour-and-tourism-1600-1900/i-the-first-tourist-1611-thomas-coryat \|archive-date=24 November 2015 \|title=I. The First Tourist (1611) - Thomas Coryat {{!}} Osher Map Library}}</ref>

	The work is particularly important to music historians for giving extraordinary details of the activities of the [[Venetian School (music)\|Venetian School]], one of the most famous and progressive contemporary musical movements in Europe, including an elaborate description of the festivities at the church of [[San Rocco, Venice\|San Rocco]] in [[Venice]], with [[polychoral]] and instrumental music by [[Giovanni Gabrieli]], [[Bartolomeo Barbarino]], and others. In 1611 he published a second volume of travel writings, this one entitled ''Coryats Crambe, or his Coleworte twice Sodden.'' Coryat's letters from this time refer to the famous [[Mermaid Tavern]] in London, and mention [[Ben Jonson]], [[John Donne]] and other members of a drinking club "Fraternity of Sireniacal Gentlemen" that met there.<ref>{{Cite ODNB\|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-95279\|doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/95279\|title = The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\|year = 2004}}</ref>		The work is particularly important to music historians for giving extraordinary details of the activities of the [[Venetian School (music)\|Venetian School]], one of the most famous and progressive contemporary musical movements in Europe, including an elaborate description of the festivities at the church of [[San Rocco, Venice\|San Rocco]] in [[Venice]], with [[polychoral]] and instrumental music by [[Giovanni Gabrieli]], [[Bartolomeo Barbarino]], and others. In 1611 he published a second volume of travel writings, this one entitled ''Coryats Crambe, or his Coleworte twice Sodden.'' Coryat's letters from this time refer to the famous [[Mermaid Tavern]] in London, and mention [[Ben Jonson]], [[John Donne]] and other members of a drinking club named the "Fraternity of Sireniacal Gentlemen" that met there.<ref>{{Cite ODNB\|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-95279\|doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/95279\|title = The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\|year = 2004}}</ref>

	Ever restless, he set out once again in 1612, this time on a journey that would ultimately lead to Asia, visiting [[Greece]], the eastern [[Mediterranean]] including [[Constantinople]] by 1614, and walking through Turkey, [[Persian Empire\|Persia]] and eventually [[Mughal Empire\|Moghul India]] by 1615, visiting the Emperor [[Jahangir]]'s court in [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref name=lote/> From [[Agra]] and elsewhere he sent letters describing his experiences; his ''Greetings from the Court of the Great Mogul'' was published in London in 1616, and a similar volume of his letters home appeared posthumously in 1618. In September 1617, at the invitation of Sir [[Thomas Roe]], he visited the imperial court at [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh\|Mandu]], [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name=lote/> In November 1617 he left for [[Surat]]; he died of [[dysentery]] there in December of that year,<ref name=lote/> his demise hastened by the consumption of [[sack (wine)\|sack]].<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Wright\|first=Arnold\|author-link=Arnold Wright\|title=Early English adventurers in the East \|url=https://archive.org/details/earlyenglishadve00wrigrich\|year=1914 \|location=London\|publisher=A. Melrose Ltd.\|page=[https://archive.org/details/earlyenglishadve00wrigrich/page/173 173]}}</ref> Though his planned account of the journey was never to be, some of his unorganized travel notes have survived and found their way back to England. These were published in the 1625 edition of [[Samuel Purchas]]'s {{lang\|enm\|Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas his Pilgrimes, contayning a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Lande Travells, by Englishmen and others.}}		Ever restless, he set out once again in 1612, this time on a journey that would ultimately lead to Asia, visiting [[Greece]], the eastern [[Mediterranean]] including [[Constantinople]] by 1614, and walking through Turkey, [[Persian Empire\|Persia]] and eventually [[Mughal Empire\|Moghul India]] by 1615, visiting the Emperor [[Jahangir]]'s court in [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref name=lote/> From [[Agra]] and elsewhere he sent letters describing his experiences; his ''Greetings from the Court of the Great Mogul'' was published in London in 1616, and a similar volume of his letters home appeared posthumously in 1618. In September 1617, at the invitation of Sir [[Thomas Roe]], he visited the imperial court at [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh\|Mandu]], [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name=lote/> In November 1617 he left for [[Surat]]; he died of [[dysentery]] there in December of that year,<ref name=lote/> his demise hastened by the consumption of [[sack (wine)\|sack]].<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Wright\|first=Arnold\|author-link=Arnold Wright\|title=Early English adventurers in the East \|url=https://archive.org/details/earlyenglishadve00wrigrich\|year=1914 \|location=London\|publisher=A. Melrose Ltd.\|page=[https://archive.org/details/earlyenglishadve00wrigrich/page/173 173]}}</ref> Though his planned account of the journey was never to be, some of his unorganized travel notes have survived and found their way back to England. These were published in the 1625 edition of [[Samuel Purchas]]'s {{lang\|enm\|Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas his Pilgrimes, contayning a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Lande Travells, by Englishmen and others.}}
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	==Legacy==		==Legacy==
	[[File:Thomas Coryat's Crudite at British Museum 1893.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Thomas Coryat's Crudite at British Museum 1893.jpg\|thumb]]
	The place of his tomb is uncertain. As there was no regular English cemetery at Surat then, his body was buried north of the town on the western side of road leading to [[Bharuch]]. Another traveller, [[Edward Terry (author)\|Terry]], noted that his body was buried at Swally ([[Suvali Beach\|Suvali]]), where other English people are also buried, but this account is not reliable, for it was written 40 years after the death of Coryat. The ''List of Tombs and Monuments in the Bombay Presidency'' had described it as 'consisting of a dome resting on circular pillars' in Muslim architectural style, which is similar to a monument present at Rajgari near Suvali. This monument is now State Protected Monument identifying it as the tomb of Tom Coryat (S-GJ-231). There is no inscription or other clue supporting it as the tomb; however, it is known that the tomb had just two marked stones originally and there is no known reason why a monument was erected later. [[Sir Thomas Herbert, 1st Baronet\|Thomas Herbert]], who visited India ten years after the death of Coryat, noted that a Persian ambassador, who died on board the fleet at Swally, was buried near him in [[Surat]]. [[John Fryer (travel writer)\|Dr. John Fryer]] who was at Surat in 1675 was shown the tombs of the Persian ambassador and Coryat, along with several Armenian Christian tombs outside the Bharuch gate. The original location of the gate is not known, as the old mud wall fort was replaced by a brick wall fort after the [[Battle of Surat]]. During the British period, William Morrison, the collector of Surat tried to find the tomb and later concluded that it is lost in the periodical floods of the [[Tapi River, India\|Tapi river]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laqIurWKUDQC&pg=PA154\|year=1861\|publisher=Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society\|pages=153–155}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.payer.de/quellenkunde/quellen1509.htm\|title=Thomas Coryat, 1612 - 1617 (Quellenkunde zur indischen Geschichte bis 1858)\|website=www.payer.de\|access-date=2017-04-27}}</ref>		The place of his tomb is uncertain. As there was no regular English cemetery at Surat then, his body was buried north of the town on the western side of road leading to [[Bharuch]]. Another traveller, [[Edward Terry (author)\|Terry]], noted that his body was buried at Swally ([[Suvali Beach\|Suvali]]), where other English people are also buried, but this account is not reliable, for it was written 40 years after the death of Coryat. The ''List of Tombs and Monuments in the Bombay Presidency'' had described it as 'consisting of a dome resting on circular pillars' in Muslim architectural style, which is similar to a monument present at Rajgari near Suvali. This monument is now State Protected Monument identifying it as the tomb of Tom Coryat (S-GJ-231). There is no inscription or other clue supporting it as the tomb; however, it is known that the tomb had just two marked stones originally and there is no known reason why a monument was erected later. [[Sir Thomas Herbert, 1st Baronet\|Thomas Herbert]], who visited India ten years after the death of Coryat, noted that a Persian ambassador, who died on board the fleet at Swally, was buried near him in [[Surat]]. [[John Fryer (travel writer)\|Dr. John Fryer]] who was at Surat in 1675 was shown the tombs of the Persian ambassador and Coryat, along with several Armenian Christian tombs outside the Bharuch gate. The original location of the gate is not known, as the old mud wall fort was replaced by a brick wall fort after the [[Battle of Surat]]. During the British period, William Morrison, the collector of Surat, tried to find the tomb and later concluded that it is lost in the periodical floods of the [[Tapi River, India\|Tapi river]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laqIurWKUDQC&pg=PA154\|year=1861\|publisher=Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society\|pages=153–155\|access-date=27 April 2017\|archive-date=28 April 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428064130/https://books.google.com/books?id=laqIurWKUDQC&pg=PA154\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.payer.de/quellenkunde/quellen1509.htm\|title=Thomas Coryat, 1612 - 1617 (Quellenkunde zur indischen Geschichte bis 1858)\|website=www.payer.de\|access-date=2017-04-27\|archive-date=13 June 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613074136/http://www.payer.de/quellenkunde/quellen1509.htm\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	British travel writer and historian [[William Dalrymple (historian)\|William Dalrymple]] cites Coryat as 'one of my travel-writing heroes' in his first book ''[[In Xanadu]]'' (1989).<ref name="xanadu">{{cite book \|title=In Xanadu \|url=https://archive.org/details/inxanaduquest00will \|url-access=registration \|last=Dalrymple \|first=William \|year=1989 \|publisher=Collins \|location=London \|isbn=978-0-00-654415-9 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/inxanaduquest00will/page/184 184] }}</ref>		British travel writer and historian [[William Dalrymple (historian)\|William Dalrymple]] cites Coryat as 'one of my travel-writing heroes' in his first book ''[[In Xanadu]]'' (1989).<ref name="xanadu">{{cite book \|title=In Xanadu \|url=https://archive.org/details/inxanaduquest00will \|url-access=registration \|last=Dalrymple \|first=William \|year=1989 \|publisher=Collins \|location=London \|isbn=978-0-00-654415-9 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/inxanaduquest00will/page/184 184] }}</ref>

	British travel writer and humorist [[Tim Moore (writer)\|Tim Moore]] retraced the steps of Coryat's tour of Europe, as recounted in his book ''Continental Drifter'' (2000). In 2008 Daniel Allen published an account of his nine-month cycle trip following ~~Coryate~~'s journey to the East, entitled ''The Sky Above, The Kingdom Below''.		British travel writer and humorist [[Tim Moore (writer)\|Tim Moore]] retraced the steps of Coryat's tour of Europe, as recounted in his book ''Continental Drifter'' (2000). In 2008 Daniel Allen published an account of his nine-month cycle trip following Coryat's journey to the East, entitled ''The Sky Above, The Kingdom Below''.

	Lonely Planet founder [[Tony Wheeler]] spoke at the Australian Festival of Travel Writing about Thomas Coryat. Wheeler traced Coryate's (his spelling) journey as he observed the invention of leisure travel. He visited his supposed tomb at Rajgari near Surat in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.wheelercentre.com/broadcasts/tony-wheeler-thomas-coryate-the-first-tourist/\|title=Tony Wheeler: Thomas Coryate, The First Tourist\|website=The Wheeler Centre\|access-date=2017-05-27}}</ref>		Lonely Planet founder [[Tony Wheeler]] spoke at the Australian Festival of Travel Writing about Thomas Coryat. Wheeler traced Coryate's (his spelling) journey as he observed the invention of leisure travel. He visited his supposed tomb at Rajgari near Surat in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.wheelercentre.com/broadcasts/tony-wheeler-thomas-coryate-the-first-tourist/\|title=Tony Wheeler: Thomas Coryate, The First Tourist\|website=The Wheeler Centre\|access-date=2017-05-27\|archive-date=1 April 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401190358/http://www.wheelercentre.com/broadcasts/tony-wheeler-thomas-coryate-the-first-tourist/\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
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-{{nosources|date=December 2012}}
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-'''Thomas Coryat'''  (c. 1577–1617) was an [[English people|English]] traveller and writer of the late Elizabethan times. He is remembered today for two books he wrote about his travels through Europe and parts of Asia. He often travelled on foot to get to far off places.
+{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
-Coryat reached as far as [[India]] in his travels from [[England]]. At that time the [[Mughal]] Emperor [[Jahangir]] was ruling there and he rewarded Coryat and gave him money to reach back home. However, Coryat died in [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]], before he could return.
+'''Thomas Coryat''' (also '''Coryate''') (c.&nbsp;1577{{snd}}1617) was an English traveller and writer of the late [[Elizabethan]] and early [[Literature in English#Jacobean literature|Jacobean]] age.  He is principally remembered for two volumes of writings he left regarding his travels, often on foot, through Europe and parts of Asia.  He is often credited with introducing the table [[fork]] to England, with "Furcifer" (Latin: fork-bearer, rascal) becoming one of his nicknames.<ref name=lote>Michael Strachan, "Coryate, Thomas (c. 1577–1617)", in ''Literature of Travel and Exploration: an Encyclopedia'', 2003, Volume 1, pp.285–87</ref> His description of how the Italians shielded themselves from the sun resulted in the word "[[umbrella]]" being introduced into English.<ref name=lote/>
 {{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Coryat, Thomas}}
-[[Category:1577 births]]
+[[Category:1570s births]]
 [[Category:1617 deaths]]
-[[Category:History of India]]
+[[Category:People from Crewkerne]]
-[[Category:English writers]]
+[[Category:English travel writers]]
-[[Category:English explorers]]
+[[Category:People educated at Winchester College]]
+[[Category:Deaths from dysentery]]
+[[Category:Infectious disease deaths in India]]
-{{bio-stub}}
+[[Category:Alumni of Gloucester Hall, Oxford]]

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{{nosources|date=December 2012}}
'''Thomas Coryat''' (c. 1577–1617) was an [[English people|English]] traveller and writer of the late Elizabethan times. He is remembered today for two books he wrote about his travels through Europe and parts of Asia. He often travelled on foot to get to far off places.

Coryat reached as far as [[India]] in his travels from [[England]]. At that time the [[Mughal]] Emperor [[Jahangir]] was ruling there and he rewarded Coryat and gave him money to reach back home. However, Coryat died in [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]], before he could return.

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Coryat, Thomas}}
[[Category:1577 births]]
[[Category:1617 deaths]]
[[Category:History of India]]
[[Category:English writers]]
[[Category:English explorers]]

{{bio-stub}}