Thoma II - Revision history

CleanupBot: /* top */robot: remove incorrect protection templates

2022-01-30T13:38:06Z

top: robot: remove incorrect protection templates

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:08, 30 January 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{pp-move-indef}}~~
	{{EngvarB\|date=September 2014}}		{{EngvarB\|date=September 2014}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2014}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2014}}

->Kokkarani: /* Early life */My family is pakalomattom and was affiliated to Kadamattom church

2021-12-11T19:40:34Z

Early life: My family is pakalomattom and was affiliated to Kadamattom church

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:10, 12 December 2021
Line 3:		Line 3:
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2014}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2014}}
	{{Infobox Bishop		{{Infobox Bishop
	\| name = ~~Mor~~ Thoma II		\| name = Mar Thoma II
	\| honorific-suffix =		\| honorific-suffix =
	\| bishop_of = [[Malankara Church]]		\| bishop_of = [[Malankara Church]]
Line 13:		Line 13:
	\| enthroned = 1670		\| enthroned = 1670
	\| ended = 1686		\| ended = 1686
	\| predecessor = [[Mar Thoma I]]		\| predecessor = [[Thoma I\| Mar Thoma I]]
	\| successor = [[Mar Thoma III]]		\| successor = [[Thoma III\|Mar Thoma III]]
	\| birth_name =		\| birth_name =
	\| birth_date =		\| birth_date =
Line 25:		Line 25:
	\| signature =		\| signature =
	}}		}}
	'''~~Mor~~ Thoma II''' was the second Malankara Metropolitan of the [[Malankara Church]] from 1670 to 1686.		'''Mar Thoma II''' was the second Malankara Metropolitan of the Malankara Syrian Church from 1670 to 1686.

	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	On the South Western coast of [[India]] lies a small state known as [[Kerala]]. It was here in the first century, [[Thomas the Apostle]] arrived to preach the [[gospel]] to the Jewish community. Some of the Jews and locals became followers of Jesus of [[Nazareth]]. They were known as [[Syrian Malabar Nasrani\|Malabar Nasrani]] people and their church as Malankara Church. They followed a unique [[Hebrew]]-[[Syriac Christianity\|Syriac Christian]] tradition which included several Jewish elements and Indian customs.		On the South Western coast of [[India]] lies a small state known as [[Kerala]]. It was here in the first century, [[Thomas the Apostle]] arrived to preach the [[gospel]] to the Jewish community. Some of the Jews and locals became followers of Jesus of [[Nazareth]]. They were known as [[Syrian Malabar Nasrani\|Malabar Nasrani]] people and their church as Malankara Church. They followed a unique [[Hebrew]]-[[Syriac Christianity\|Syriac Christian]] tradition which included several Jewish elements and Indian customs.

	In Malankara (Kerala) St. Thomas did not appoint any bishops, but an elder (Mooppen in [[Malayalam]]) was selected to lead the people. The parish leader was called Edavaka Mooppen and the church as a whole had a Malankara Mooppen. This was the tradition until 1653.		The Malayalam versions of the Canons of the [[Synod of Diamper]]<ref>Five of the Malayalam versions were available in 1952.</ref> use these titles throughout the report except in three places where they use the Latin word ''archidiaconus''.<ref>Daniel, K. N. Canons of the Synod of Diamper, prepared using five of the available Malayalam versions.</ref><ref>Antonio de Gouvea (1606) ''Jornada do Arcebispo [[Aleixo de Menezes]] quando foy as Serra do Malaubar''.</ref>

	The Malayalam versions of the Canons of the [[Synod of Diamper]]<ref>Five of the Malayalam versions were available in 1952.</ref> use these titles throughout the report except in three places where they use the Latin word ''archidiaconus''.<ref>Daniel, K. N. Canons of the Synod of Diamper, prepared using five of the available Malayalam versions.</ref><ref>Antonio de Gouvea (1606) ''Jornada do Arcebispo [[Aleixo de Menezes]] quando foy as Serra do Malaubar''.</ref> There is no chance for the Malankara Church to use this Latin word. Portuguese were not familiar with the Malayalam wording Malankara Mooppen and so they might have used ''archidiaconus''. The Malaylam name ''Jathikku Karthavian'', given by some historians was not used in the Malayalam version of the canons.

	After the great swearing in 1653 it became necessary to appoint a bishop		After the great swearing in 1653 it became necessary to appoint a bishop

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	[[Kadamattom]] is a town located in the [[Ernakulam ]] district of [[Kerala]], [[South India]]. The town is situated in the [[Kunnathunad]] Taluk, about {{convert\|22\|km\|0\|abbr=on}} east of [[Ernakulam]]. [[~~Palamattam~~ family]] was one of the oldest families at [[Kadamattom]]. The second Mar Thoma was born at this family.		[[Kadamattom]] is a town located in the [[Ernakulam ]] district of [[Kerala]], [[South India]]. The town is situated in the [[Kunnathunad]] Taluk, about {{convert\|22\|km\|0\|abbr=on}} east of [[Ernakulam]]. [[Pakalomattom family]] was one of the oldest families at [[Kadamattom]]. The second Mar Thoma was born at this family.

	==Consecration==		==Consecration==
	The leaders of the [[Malankara Church]] selected a nephew (brother's son) of [[~~Mar~~ Thoma I]] as his successor. He was consecrated by [[~~Mar~~ Thoma I]] and the Antiochean patriarchal delegate [[~~Mar~~ Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] who was the archbishop of Jerusalem. He was the second ~~Mar~~ Thoma who ascended the throne of Malankara church. When [[~~Mar~~ Thoma I]] died on 25 April 1670 Mar Thoma II, took charge of the ~~[[Malankara~~ Church]].		The leaders of the Puthenkoor Malankara Syrian Church selected a nephew (brother's son) of [[Thoma I]] as his successor. He was consecrated by [[Thoma I]] and the Antiochean patriarchal delegate [[Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] who was the archbishop of Jerusalem. He was the second Thoma who ascended the throne of Malankara Syrian church. When [[Thoma I]] died on 25 April 1670 Mar Thoma II, took charge of the Church.

	==Visits by foreign bishops==		==Visits by foreign bishops==
	Four foreign bishops from [[Syria]] arrived in [[Kerala]] during his lifetime. Travel from one country to another was considerably difficult at the time, and this none of them were able to return to their home land. While they were there in Kerala, they were able to do little else besides teaching Syriac and consecrating bishops, if they were invited. People called them ''Muthappen'' (elder father).		Four foreign bishops from [[Syria]] arrived in [[Kerala]] during his lifetime. Travel from one country to another was considerably difficult at the time, and this none of them were able to return to their home land. While they were there in Kerala, they were able to do little else besides teaching Syriac and consecrating bishops, if they were invited. People called them ''Muthappen'' (elder father).

	[[~~Mar~~ Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]], of [[Antioch]] who arrived in [[Kerala]] in 1665, was the Syriac Orthodox Metropolitan of [[Jerusalem]]. He was the one who consecrated ~~Mar~~ Thoma I. After the consecration of ~~Mar~~ Thoma II, he spent a retired life. He died on 27 April 1671 or 1681 and was laid to rest at St. Thomas Church, [[North Paravur]].		[[Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]], of [[Antioch]] who arrived in [[Kerala]] in 1665, was the Syriac Orthodox Metropolitan of [[Jerusalem]]. He was the one who consecrated Thoma I. After the consecration of Thoma II, he spent a retired life. He died on 27 April 1671 or 1681 and was laid to rest at St. Thomas Church, [[North Paravur]].

	''Mar Anthraos'' and three of his brothers from the Middle East arrived at the [[Mulanthuruthy]] church in 1678. Later on they moved to various churches and arrived at [[St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu]] (near [[Chengannur]]). On 29 February 1692 while visiting Kallada, he went to the nearby river and was drowned. Two of his brothers went back to [[Mulanthuruthy]] and raised families there. Descendants of one of them later established the [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]].<ref>Souvenir published by Puthencavu St.Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, pp. 209–211.</ref>		''Mar Anthraos'' and three of his brothers from the Middle East arrived at the [[Mulanthuruthy]] church in 1678. Later on they moved to various churches and arrived at [[St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu]] (near [[Chengannur]]). On 29 February 1692 while visiting Kallada, he went to the nearby river and was drowned. Two of his brothers went back to [[Mulanthuruthy]] and raised families there. Descendants of one of them later established the [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]].<ref>Souvenir published by Puthencavu St.Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, pp. 209–211.</ref>

	[[Eldho Mor Baselios]] and ~~Mar~~ Ivanios Episcopa arrived at [[Kothamangalam]] on 14 September 1685. Soon after the arrival ~~Mar~~ Baselious raised ~~Mar~~ Ivanios as Metropolitan (archbishop) with the title ~~Mar~~ Ivanios Hidayatulla. Two weeks later, on 29 September 1685, ~~Mar~~ Baselious died and was buried at [[Marthoma Cheriapally Kothamangalam]]. He is venerated as a great saint and celebrations are held annually in many churches in Malankara.		[[Eldho Mor Baselios]] and Ivanios Episcopa arrived at [[Kothamangalam]] on 14 September 1685. Soon after the arrival Baselious raised Ivanios as Metropolitan (archbishop) with the title Ivanios Hidayatulla. Two weeks later, on 29 September 1685, Baselious died and was buried at [[Marthoma Cheriapally Kothamangalam]]. He is venerated as a great saint and celebrations are held annually in many churches in Malankara.

	''~~Mar~~ Ivanios Hidayuttulla'' who came with ~~Mar~~ [[Baselios Yeldo]] Maphriyano, was consecrated as metropolitan in September 1685. He consecrated [[Mar Thoma III]] and [[~~Mar~~ Thoma IV]]. He died on 13 August 1693 and was buried at [[Mulanthuruthy Marthoman Church]].		''Ivanios Hidayuttulla'' who came with [[Baselios Yeldo]] Maphriyano, was consecrated as metropolitan in September 1685. He consecrated [[Mar Thoma III]] and [[Thoma IV]]. He died on 13 August 1693 and was buried at [[Mulanthuruthy Marthoman Church]].

	==Church administration==		==Church administration==
	[[Synod of Diamper]] was held in 1599. By the time of Mar Thoma II, became the Metropolitan of malankara in 1670, many ~~of the~~ Syriac practices were ~~already reintroduced~~ into [[Malankara Church]]. The use of western calendar, baptismal fonts and having pulpits are some of them. During his time priests were encouraged to marry.		[[Synod of Diamper]] was held in 1599. By the time of Mar Thoma II, became the Metropolitan of malankara in 1670, many West Syriac practices were introduced into [[Malankara Syrian Church]]. The use of western calendar, baptismal fonts and having pulpits are some of them. During his time priests were encouraged to marry.

	==Last days==		==Last days==

imported>KirkCliff2: /* Last days */More copy-editing for broken English.

2021-08-20T15:43:24Z

Last days: More copy-editing for broken English.

New page

{{pp-move-indef}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox Bishop
| name = Mor Thoma II
| honorific-suffix =
| bishop_of = [[Malankara Church]]
| image =
| caption =
| diocese =
| ordination =
| consecration = 1670
| enthroned = 1670
| ended = 1686
| predecessor = [[Mar Thoma I]]
| successor = [[Mar Thoma III]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 14 April 1686
| death_place = [[Niranam]]
| buried = [[Niranam Church]]
(St.Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church, Niranam)
| nationality =
| signature =
}}
'''Mor Thoma II''' was the second Malankara Metropolitan of the [[Malankara Church]] from 1670 to 1686.

==Introduction==
On the South Western coast of [[India]] lies a small state known as [[Kerala]]. It was here in the first century, [[Thomas the Apostle]] arrived to preach the [[gospel]] to the Jewish community. Some of the Jews and locals became followers of Jesus of [[Nazareth]]. They were known as [[Syrian Malabar Nasrani|Malabar Nasrani]] people and their church as Malankara Church. They followed a unique [[Hebrew]]-[[Syriac Christianity|Syriac Christian]] tradition which included several Jewish elements and Indian customs.

In Malankara (Kerala) St. Thomas did not appoint any bishops, but an elder (Mooppen in [[Malayalam]]) was selected to lead the people. The parish leader was called Edavaka Mooppen and the church as a whole had a Malankara Mooppen. This was the tradition until 1653.

The Malayalam versions of the Canons of the [[Synod of Diamper]]<ref>Five of the Malayalam versions were available in 1952.</ref> use these titles throughout the report except in three places where they use the Latin word ''archidiaconus''.<ref>Daniel, K. N. Canons of the Synod of Diamper, prepared using five of the available Malayalam versions.</ref><ref>Antonio de Gouvea (1606) ''Jornada do Arcebispo [[Aleixo de Menezes]] quando foy as Serra do Malaubar''.</ref> There is no chance for the Malankara Church to use this Latin word. Portuguese were not familiar with the Malayalam wording Malankara Mooppen and so they might have used ''archidiaconus''. The Malaylam name ''Jathikku Karthavian'', given by some historians was not used in the Malayalam version of the canons.

After the great swearing in 1653 it became necessary to appoint a bishop

==Early life==
[[Kadamattom]] is a town located in the [[Ernakulam ]] district of [[Kerala]], [[South India]]. The town is situated in the [[Kunnathunad]] Taluk, about {{convert|22|km|0|abbr=on}} east of [[Ernakulam]]. [[Palamattam family]] was one of the oldest families at [[Kadamattom]]. The second Mar Thoma was born at this family.

==Consecration==
The leaders of the [[Malankara Church]] selected a nephew (brother's son) of [[Mar Thoma I]] as his successor. He was consecrated by [[Mar Thoma I]] and the Antiochean patriarchal delegate [[Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] who was the archbishop of Jerusalem. He was the second Mar Thoma who ascended the throne of Malankara church. When [[Mar Thoma I]] died on 25 April 1670 Mar Thoma II, took charge of the [[Malankara Church]].

==Visits by foreign bishops==
Four foreign bishops from [[Syria]] arrived in [[Kerala]] during his lifetime. Travel from one country to another was considerably difficult at the time, and this none of them were able to return to their home land. While they were there in Kerala, they were able to do little else besides teaching Syriac and consecrating bishops, if they were invited. People called them ''Muthappen'' (elder father).

[[Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]], of [[Antioch]] who arrived in [[Kerala]] in 1665, was the Syriac Orthodox Metropolitan of [[Jerusalem]]. He was the one who consecrated Mar Thoma I. After the consecration of Mar Thoma II, he spent a retired life. He died on 27 April 1671 or 1681 and was laid to rest at St. Thomas Church, [[North Paravur]].

''Mar Anthraos'' and three of his brothers from the Middle East arrived at the [[Mulanthuruthy]] church in 1678. Later on they moved to various churches and arrived at [[St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu]] (near [[Chengannur]]). On 29 February 1692 while visiting Kallada, he went to the nearby river and was drowned. Two of his brothers went back to [[Mulanthuruthy]] and raised families there. Descendants of one of them later established the [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]].<ref>Souvenir published by Puthencavu St.Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, pp. 209–211.</ref>

[[Eldho Mor Baselios]] and Mar Ivanios Episcopa arrived at [[Kothamangalam]] on 14 September 1685. Soon after the arrival Mar Baselious raised Mar Ivanios as Metropolitan (archbishop) with the title Mar Ivanios Hidayatulla. Two weeks later, on 29 September 1685, Mar Baselious died and was buried at [[Marthoma Cheriapally Kothamangalam]]. He is venerated as a great saint and celebrations are held annually in many churches in Malankara.

''Mar Ivanios Hidayuttulla'' who came with Mar [[Baselios Yeldo]] Maphriyano, was consecrated as metropolitan in September 1685. He consecrated [[Mar Thoma III]] and [[Mar Thoma IV]]. He died on 13 August 1693 and was buried at [[Mulanthuruthy Marthoman Church]].

==Church administration==
[[Synod of Diamper]] was held in 1599. By the time of Mar Thoma II, became the Metropolitan of malankara in 1670, many of the Syriac practices were already reintroduced into [[Malankara Church]]. The use of western calendar, baptismal fonts and having pulpits are some of them. During his time priests were encouraged to marry.

==Last days==
The Metropolitans visiting a parish stayed in the balcony room of the church. On 14 April 1686, while Mar Thoma II was at Niranam church, there was a [[thunderstorm]] in the vicinity, whereupon Mar Thoma was struck by lightning and killed. He was laid to rest inside [[Niranam]] Church (Niranam St. Mary's Orthodox Church).

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mar Thoma I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Metropolitan of the Malankara Church|years=1670–1686}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mar Thoma III]]}}
{{s-end}}

==See also==
*[[Malankara Church]]
*[[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
*[[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]]
*[[Marthoma Syrian Church]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*#Mathew, N. M. ''Malankara Marthoma Sabha Charitram'' (History of the Marthoma Church), Volume 1 (2006), Volume II (2007), Volume III (2008). Pub. E.J.Institute, Thiruvalla.

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thoma 02, Mar}}
[[Category:Oriental Orthodoxy in India]]
[[Category:People from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Indian bishops]]
[[Category:Pakalomattam family]]
[[Category:1686 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from lightning strikes]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church bishops]]