Thiyyar Regiment - Revision history

IrmaBracy4216: general adjusted page and added references for clarity

2025-12-31T07:41:04Z

general adjusted page and added references for clarity

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:11, 31 December 2025
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	{{Infobox Former Subdivision		{{Infobox Former Subdivision
	\|native_name =തീയ്യർ പട്ടാളം		\|native_name =തീയ്യർ പട്ടാളം
	\|conventional_long_name =Thiyyar Regiment		\|conventional_long_name = [[Tiyyar\|Thiyyar]] Regiment
	\|common_name = Madras Presidency		\|common_name = Madras Presidency
	\|subdivision = [[Presidencies of British India\|Presidency]]		\|subdivision = [[Presidencies of British India\|Presidency]]
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	[[File:Army Man of Thiyya Regiment.jpg\|thumb\|Army man of Thiyya Regiment]]		[[File:Army Man of Thiyya Regiment.jpg\|thumb\|Army man of Thiyya Regiment]]

	The '''Thiyyar Regiment''' was a military class created by [[British Empire]] that provided thousands of Thiyyar community members from [[Malabar ~~Coast\|Malabar~~]] for the [[British Indian Army]]. The Regiment was based in [[Thalassery]], chosen because it was a strategic center in Malabar. There were many Thiyyar people who held the posts of [[subedar]] and jemendhar in the local militia under the [[East India Company]]~~, which~~ were considered the high and responsible ~~posts~~.<ref>L.K.A.Iyer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XGSuAwWHa0kC The Mysore Tribes and caste]''. Vol.III, A Mittal Publish. Page.279, Google Books</ref><ref name="qq">{{cite book\|last= Nagendra k.r.singh\| year=2006\|title=Global Encyclopedia of the South India Dalit's Ethnography\|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Xcpa_T-7oVQC&dq=Tiyya+regiment&pg=PA230\|publisher=Global Vision Pub House\|page=230\|isbn=9788182201675}}</ref><ref>L.Krishna Anandha Krishna Iyer(Divan Bahadur) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hOyqKkYi6McC The Cochin Tribes and Caste]'' Vol.1. Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1962. Page. 278, Google Books</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Iyer\|first=L. K. Anantha Krishna\|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.csl.7757\|title=The Cochin tribes and castes vol.I\|date=1909\|publisher=Higginbotham, Madras}}</ref> There were lesser known Thiyya regiments and Thiyyar Pattalam formed by the French and British governments in Mahe and Thalassery.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=P.R\|first=Nisha\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=My8DEAAAQBAJ\|title=Jumbos and Jumping Devils: A Social History of Indian Circus\|date=2020-06-12\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|isbn=978-0-19-099207-1\|language=en}}</ref> The British deployed the unit in various military operations.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=M.D\|first=N. C. Shyamalan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wYWVBQAAQBAJ\|title=North Africa To North Malabar: AN ANCESTRAL JOURNEY\|publisher=Notion Press\|isbn=978-93-83416-64-6\|language=en}}</ref>		The '''[[Tiyyar\|Thiyyar]] Regiment''' was a military class created by [[British Empire]] that provided thousands of [[Tiyyar\|Thiyyar]] community members from [[North Malabar]] (mostly in [[Kannur]] district) for the [[British Indian Army]]. The Regiment was based in [[Thalassery]], chosen because it was a strategic center in Malabar. There were many [[Tiyyar\|Thiyyar]] people who held the posts of [[subedar]] and jemendhar in the local militia under the [[East India Company]]. Jemadhar were considered the high and responsible post. The first person to occupy this highest rank and post in British Indian army under the [[തീയർ\|Thiyya]] regimen was Ayyathan Chandhoman Jemadhar. He was a strong personality who had led many wars while in the regiment who got promoted and retired as the Subedar Major. He was the great-granduncle to Dr.[[Ayyathan Gopalan]] a renowned renaissance leader and social reformer of Kerala.<ref>L.K.A.Iyer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XGSuAwWHa0kC The Mysore Tribes and caste]''. Vol.III, A Mittal Publish. Page.279, Google Books</ref><ref name="qq">{{cite book\|last= Nagendra k.r.singh\| year=2006\|title=Global Encyclopedia of the South India Dalit's Ethnography\|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Xcpa_T-7oVQC&dq=Tiyya+regiment&pg=PA230\|publisher=Global Vision Pub House\|page=230\|isbn=9788182201675}}</ref><ref>L.Krishna Anandha Krishna Iyer(Divan Bahadur) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hOyqKkYi6McC The Cochin Tribes and Caste]'' Vol.1. Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1962. Page. 278, Google Books</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Iyer\|first=L. K. Anantha Krishna\|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.csl.7757\|title=The Cochin tribes and castes vol.I\|date=1909\|publisher=Higginbotham, Madras}}</ref> There were lesser known [[Tiyyar\|Thiyya]] regiments and Thiyyar Pattalam formed by the French and British governments in Mahe and Thalassery.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=P.R\|first=Nisha\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=My8DEAAAQBAJ\|title=Jumbos and Jumping Devils: A Social History of Indian Circus\|date=2020-06-12\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|isbn=978-0-19-099207-1\|language=en}}</ref> The British deployed the unit in various military operations.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=M.D\|first=N. C. Shyamalan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wYWVBQAAQBAJ\|title=North Africa To North Malabar: AN ANCESTRAL JOURNEY\|publisher=Notion Press\|isbn=978-93-83416-64-6\|language=en}}</ref>

	Listen important and education communities of north malabar and until lately, there was a special regiment in malabar. Which has done useful service. Now that this regiment is being disbanded, it is only proper that Thiyyar should be given sufficient representation in both the rank of malabar battalion, especially in view of the fact that malabar has a enocial territorial force of it. Listen appointed as army sentunies. The letter the of government of ~~the madras october~~ (1932) throws light on the fact about the Thiyyar regiment in malabar early.<ref>S.M.Mohammed Koya, "''print and public in malabar:A study of early newspaper''" (1847-1930)</ref>		The letter of the government of Madras in October (1932) throws light on the fact about the Thiyyar regiment in malabar early.<ref>S.M.Mohammed Koya, "''print and public in malabar:A study of early newspaper''" (1847-1930)</ref>

	==Role of Malabar==		==Role of Malabar==
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	It is seen mentioned in some documents that this battalion played a major role in [[Pazhassi Raja]] [[British East India Company]] War.<ref name="ggh"/> it is stated that, 1802. A European regiment and three battalions of native infantry were to be stationed at Canara in order to withdraw the British troops from [[Goa]]; If they remain at Goa, one regiment and two battalions will suffice for service in Canara. One regiment and one battalion were to be stationed at Mangalore for detachments in the southern parts of the province; A battalion in Kundapur.<ref name="ggh"/> A battalion was to be stationed at Seedasighur in case the British troops were withdrawn from Goa. One regiment of Europeans, five battalions of native infantry, and three companies of artillery were to be in the province of Malabar, except Wayanad, provided for in the supply to [[Mysore]].<ref name="ggh">{{cite book\|last= Wellesley Duke of Wellington\|year=1851\|title=Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington, K. G.: India, 1797-1805\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xpATMtM_NYC\|publisher=J. r Murray, published books of florida\|page=68}}</ref>		It is seen mentioned in some documents that this battalion played a major role in [[Pazhassi Raja]] [[British East India Company]] War.<ref name="ggh"/> it is stated that, 1802. A European regiment and three battalions of native infantry were to be stationed at Canara in order to withdraw the British troops from [[Goa]]; If they remain at Goa, one regiment and two battalions will suffice for service in Canara. One regiment and one battalion were to be stationed at Mangalore for detachments in the southern parts of the province; A battalion in Kundapur.<ref name="ggh"/> A battalion was to be stationed at Seedasighur in case the British troops were withdrawn from Goa. One regiment of Europeans, five battalions of native infantry, and three companies of artillery were to be in the province of Malabar, except Wayanad, provided for in the supply to [[Mysore]].<ref name="ggh">{{cite book\|last= Wellesley Duke of Wellington\|year=1851\|title=Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington, K. G.: India, 1797-1805\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xpATMtM_NYC\|publisher=J. r Murray, published books of florida\|page=68}}</ref>

	<blockquote> 1. "Seringapatam , 11th March , 1802. a letter from '''General Stuart''' , ''in which he informs me that orders have been received to discharge from the service all the Nair , Tier , and Moplah sebundies in Malabar , and all local and volunteer corps in other parts , and to reduce the numbers of the regular battalions to the peace establish ment of t of 1796 , that is to say , to 900 each battalion.<ref name="ggh"/> The number of battalions is not to be altered at present . In consequence of this information , I write this day to Colonel Boles to desire that he will make the necessary arrange ments for disbanding the three corps of sebundies . The General has desired that I would suggest to you the propriety of taking into the service , as revenue or police peons , as many of these discharged sebundies as you may be willing to entertain in those capacities , rather than to let loose upon Mala bar at once so large a body of men accustomed to arms . You will be the best judge how far you can attend to this suggestion . If you can take into the service any number of these people , I think the peace of the country will be benefited . The General says that he intends to propose to government that waste land may be given to the discharged sebundies and sepoys in the different parts of the country.''<ref>{{cite book\|last=Arthur Wellesley Duke of Wellington\|year=1859\|title=India, 1797-1805 Volume 3 of Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington, K.G, Arthur Richard Wellesley Duke of Wellington\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eYEBAAAAQAAJ\|publisher=J. Murray\|page=107}}</ref></blockquote>		<blockquote> 1. "Seringapatam, 11th March, 1802. a letter from '''General Stuart''', ''in which he informs me that orders have been received to discharge from the service all the Nair, Tier, and Moplah sebundies in Malabar, and all local and volunteer corps in other parts, and to reduce the numbers of the regular battalions to the peace establish ment of t of 1796, that is to say, to 900 each battalion.<ref name="ggh"/> The number of battalions is not to be altered at present . In consequence of this information, I write this day to Colonel Boles to desire that he will make the necessary arrange ments for disbanding the three corps of sebundies . The General has desired that I would suggest to you the propriety of taking into the service, as revenue or police peons, as many of these discharged sebundies as you may be willing to entertain in those capacities, rather than to let loose upon Mala bar at once so large a body of men accustomed to arms . You will be the best judge how far you can attend to this suggestion . If you can take into the service any number of these people, I think the peace of the country will be benefited . The General says that he intends to propose to government that waste land may be given to the discharged sebundies and sepoys in the different parts of the country.''<ref>{{cite book\|last=Arthur Wellesley Duke of Wellington\|year=1859\|title=India, 1797-1805 Volume 3 of Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington, K.G, Arthur Richard Wellesley Duke of Wellington\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eYEBAAAAQAAJ\|publisher=J. Murray\|page=107}}</ref></blockquote>

	==Modern history==		==Modern history==

	[[Eliza Draper]], who was born in British India and married to a British soldier, mentions Thiyyas as "a community bearing arms, though it was mainly the Nairs who had the privilege of carrying arms with them, according to Hindu social customs. But there were a number of Thiyya families known for martial skills and many families were known as gurukkals with Kalaripayattu traditions in the northern parts of Malabar. ~~It is also~~ a ~~known fact that these families were~~ well-versed in ~~Ayurveda~~ and Sanskrit ~~texts~~ and ~~were practitioners of the traditional healing systems~~."<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2019-08-29\|title=The Thiyyas of Malabar: In Search of a New Identity\|url=http://qjk.9bc.myftpupload.com/2019/08/29/the-thiyyas-of-malabar-in-search-of-a-new-identity/\|access-date=2021-03-03\|website=KochiPost\|language=en-US}}</ref>		[[Eliza Draper]], who was born in British India and married to a British soldier, mentions Thiyyas as "a community bearing arms, though it was mainly the Nairs who had the privilege of carrying arms with them, according to Hindu social customs. But there were a number of Thiyya families known for martial skills and many families were known as gurukkals with Kalaripayattu traditions in the northern parts of Malabar. One of the prominent aristocratic family at Malabar was Ayyathan family who were the small time rulers of Randuthara (now Dharmadom) and a great navigators, warrior clan, scholars and aryavaidya physicians.One of the renowned aryavaidya scholar and physician was Ayyathan Kannan Vaidyar the great grandfather of Dr.[[Ayyathan Gopalan]] he was well versed in poison therapy, and was also a well known Sanskrit scholar and Gurukkal. "<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2019-08-29\|title=The Thiyyas of Malabar: In Search of a New Identity\|url=http://qjk.9bc.myftpupload.com/2019/08/29/the-thiyyas-of-malabar-in-search-of-a-new-identity/\|access-date=2021-03-03\|website=KochiPost\|language=en-US}}</ref>
	[[File:39A8599.pdf cropped.png\|thumb\|'[[:ml:Thalassery Manuscripts\|തലശ്ശേരി രേഖകൾ (Thalassery Manuscripts)]]' on Thiyyar Pattalam(Thiyyar Army) of 1799 formed by British, a predecessor of Thiyyar regiment]]		[[File:39A8599.pdf cropped.png\|thumb\|'[[:ml:Thalassery Manuscripts\|തലശ്ശേരി രേഖകൾ (Thalassery Manuscripts)]]' on Thiyyar Pattalam(Thiyyar Army) of 1799 formed by British, a predecessor of Thiyyar regiment]]
	[[File:Cropped File39A8599.png\|thumb\|Thiyyar in Kottayam Raja Army in 1792,half of the Army consisted of Thiyyar warriors, which motivated British to form a separate regiment later.]]		[[File:Cropped File39A8599.png\|thumb\|Thiyyar in Kottayam Raja Army in 1792, half of the Army consisted of Thiyyar warriors, which motivated British to form a separate regiment later.]]

	==See also==		==See also==

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-08-29T21:16:01Z

Created a new article

New page

{{Short description|British military class}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
|native_name =തീയ്യർ പട്ടാളം
|conventional_long_name =Thiyyar Regiment
|common_name = Madras Presidency
|subdivision = [[Presidencies of British India|Presidency]]
|nation= [[Madras Presidency]]
|era = New Imperialism
|year_start = unknown
|date_start =
|event_start= The Agency of Fort St George at Madraspatnam becomes the Madras Presidency
|year_end = 1950
|date_end = 1932
|event_end= [[Republic of India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =History of Chennai
|s1 = Madras State
|flag_p1 =British East India Company flag.svg
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|s2 =
|flag_s2 =
|image_flag =British Raj Red Ensign.svg
|image_coat =
|image_map = Thalassery fort.JPG
|image_map_caption =Thalassery Kotta
|stat_area1 =
|stat_year1 =
|stat_pop1 =
|footnotes =
}}
[[File:Army Man of Thiyya Regiment.jpg|thumb|Army man of Thiyya Regiment]]

The '''Thiyyar Regiment''' was a military class created by [[British Empire]] that provided thousands of Thiyyar community members from [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]] for the [[British Indian Army]]. The Regiment was based in [[Thalassery]], chosen because it was a strategic center in Malabar. There were many Thiyyar people who held the posts of [[subedar]] and jemendhar in the local militia under the [[East India Company]], which were considered the high and responsible posts.<ref>L.K.A.Iyer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XGSuAwWHa0kC The Mysore Tribes and caste]''. Vol.III, A Mittal Publish. Page.279, Google Books</ref><ref name="qq">{{cite book|last= Nagendra k.r.singh| year=2006|title=Global Encyclopedia of the South India Dalit's Ethnography|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Xcpa_T-7oVQC&dq=Tiyya+regiment&pg=PA230|publisher=Global Vision Pub House|page=230|isbn=9788182201675}}</ref><ref>L.Krishna Anandha Krishna Iyer(Divan Bahadur) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hOyqKkYi6McC The Cochin Tribes and Caste]'' Vol.1. Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1962. Page. 278, Google Books</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Iyer|first=L. K. Anantha Krishna|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.csl.7757|title=The Cochin tribes and castes vol.I|date=1909|publisher=Higginbotham, Madras}}</ref> There were lesser known Thiyya regiments and Thiyyar Pattalam formed by the French and British governments in Mahe and Thalassery.<ref>{{Cite book|last=P.R|first=Nisha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=My8DEAAAQBAJ|title=Jumbos and Jumping Devils: A Social History of Indian Circus|date=2020-06-12|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-099207-1|language=en}}</ref> The British deployed the unit in various military operations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=M.D|first=N. C. Shyamalan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wYWVBQAAQBAJ|title=North Africa To North Malabar: AN ANCESTRAL JOURNEY|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-93-83416-64-6|language=en}}</ref>

Listen important and education communities of north malabar and until lately, there was a special regiment in malabar. Which has done useful service. Now that this regiment is being disbanded, it is only proper that Thiyyar should be given sufficient representation in both the rank of malabar battalion, especially in view of the fact that malabar has a enocial territorial force of it. Listen appointed as army sentunies. The letter the of government of the madras october (1932) throws light on the fact about the Thiyyar regiment in malabar early.<ref>S.M.Mohammed Koya, "''print and public in malabar:A study of early newspaper''" (1847-1930)</ref>

==Role of Malabar==
Nowhere in the Malabar region is an army of only nairs to be seen. In the Thiyya division itself, various police forces and the military sector were under the French forces.<ref>{{cite book|last=J.B Prasant|year=2001|title= Freedom Movement in French India: The Mahe Revolt of 1948|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9S9uAAAAMAAJ&q=Tiyya+army|publisher=IRISH|pages=8–10|isbn=9788190016698}}</ref> This necessitated the maintenance of a fairly strong force at [[Thalassery]]. Personnel were recruited from the local Tiveys ( Tiyyas ) as regular force to support the European regiment. 51 Native irregulars were also maintained. on the occasions of war.<ref>{{cite book|last=K.k.N Kurup|year=1985|title= History of the Tellicherry Factory, 1683-1794|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tQ8oAAAAMAAJ&q=Tiyya+regiment|publisher=Sandhya Publications|page=254}}</ref>

It is seen mentioned in some documents that this battalion played a major role in [[Pazhassi Raja]] [[British East India Company]] War.<ref name="ggh"/> it is stated that, 1802. A European regiment and three battalions of native infantry were to be stationed at Canara in order to withdraw the British troops from [[Goa]]; If they remain at Goa, one regiment and two battalions will suffice for service in Canara. One regiment and one battalion were to be stationed at Mangalore for detachments in the southern parts of the province; A battalion in Kundapur.<ref name="ggh"/> A battalion was to be stationed at Seedasighur in case the British troops were withdrawn from Goa. One regiment of Europeans, five battalions of native infantry, and three companies of artillery were to be in the province of Malabar, except Wayanad, provided for in the supply to [[Mysore]].<ref name="ggh">{{cite book|last= Wellesley Duke of Wellington|year=1851|title=Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington, K. G.: India, 1797-1805|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xpATMtM_NYC|publisher=J. r Murray, published books of florida|page=68}}</ref>

<blockquote> 1. "Seringapatam , 11th March , 1802. a letter from '''General Stuart''' , ''in which he informs me that orders have been received to discharge from the service all the Nair , Tier , and Moplah sebundies in Malabar , and all local and volunteer corps in other parts , and to reduce the numbers of the regular battalions to the peace establish ment of t of 1796 , that is to say , to 900 each battalion.<ref name="ggh"/> The number of battalions is not to be altered at present . In consequence of this information , I write this day to Colonel Boles to desire that he will make the necessary arrange ments for disbanding the three corps of sebundies . The General has desired that I would suggest to you the propriety of taking into the service , as revenue or police peons , as many of these discharged sebundies as you may be willing to entertain in those capacities , rather than to let loose upon Mala bar at once so large a body of men accustomed to arms . You will be the best judge how far you can attend to this suggestion . If you can take into the service any number of these people , I think the peace of the country will be benefited . The General says that he intends to propose to government that waste land may be given to the discharged sebundies and sepoys in the different parts of the country.''<ref>{{cite book|last=Arthur Wellesley Duke of Wellington|year=1859|title=India, 1797-1805 Volume 3 of Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington, K.G, Arthur Richard Wellesley Duke of Wellington|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eYEBAAAAQAAJ|publisher=J. Murray|page=107}}</ref></blockquote>

==Modern history==

[[Eliza Draper]], who was born in British India and married to a British soldier, mentions Thiyyas as "a community bearing arms, though it was mainly the Nairs who had the privilege of carrying arms with them, according to Hindu social customs. But there were a number of Thiyya families known for martial skills and many families were known as gurukkals with Kalaripayattu traditions in the northern parts of Malabar. It is also a known fact that these families were well-versed in Ayurveda and Sanskrit texts and were practitioners of the traditional healing systems."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-29|title=The Thiyyas of Malabar: In Search of a New Identity|url=http://qjk.9bc.myftpupload.com/2019/08/29/the-thiyyas-of-malabar-in-search-of-a-new-identity/|access-date=2021-03-03|website=KochiPost|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:39A8599.pdf cropped.png|thumb|'[[:ml:Thalassery Manuscripts|തലശ്ശേരി രേഖകൾ (Thalassery Manuscripts)]]' on Thiyyar Pattalam(Thiyyar Army) of 1799 formed by British, a predecessor of Thiyyar regiment]]
[[File:Cropped File39A8599.png|thumb|Thiyyar in Kottayam Raja Army in 1792,half of the Army consisted of Thiyyar warriors, which motivated British to form a separate regiment later.]]

==See also==
*[[Cherayi Panikkar (title)|Cherayi Panikkar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Military history of India]]