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{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{cleanup|reason=too much outdated information that has since been revised|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox public transit
|box_width =
|name = '''Thiruvananthapuram Metro'''
|native_name = TMC
|image =
|alt =
|imagesize =
|image2 =
|alt2 =
|imagesize2 =
|image3 =
|alt3 =
|imagesize3 =
|caption =transport system
|owner = Rapid Transit
|locale = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India
|transit_type = [[Rapid Transit]]
|lines = 6
|stations = 19 <ref>Thiruvananthapuram</ref>
|ridership =
|annual_ridership =
|chief_executive =
|headquarters = Thiruvananthapuram
|website =
|callcentre =
|began_operation = Proposed
|operation_will_start =2025
|operator = [[Kerala Rapid Transit Corporation Ltd]]
|marks =
|host =
|train_length = 8 coaches
|headway = 4.5 minutes
|system_length = 21.821 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://krtl.in/trivandrum.html|title = ::Kerala Rapid Transit Corporation Limited::}}</ref>
|notrack = 2
|track_gauge =
|ogauge =
|minimum_radius_of_curvature = 
|el =
|average_speed = {{convert|40|km/h|abbr=on}}
|top_speed = {{convert|83|km/h|abbr=on}}
|osm_id =
|map = {{Thiruvananthapuram Light Metro}}
|map_name = Thiruvananthapuram Metro Map
|map_state = collapsed
}}

'''Thiruvananthapuram Light Metro''' is a proposed [[rapid transit]] ([[Medium-capacity rail system|LRT]]) system in the city of [[Thiruvananthapuram]], the capital of the Indian state of [[Kerala]].

==History==
Thiruvananthapuram's first attempt to build a [[rapid transit]] system for the city failed, when its proposal to build a metro rail system was rejected by the [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]] (DMRC) in the 2000s.<ref>[http://www.yentha.com/news/view/4/monorail-the-fading-dream Monorail – The Fading Dream - Trivandrum News]. Yentha.com (10 September 2012).</ref> The [[Government of Kerala]], then entrusted the National Transportation Planning and Research Centre (NATPAC), an autonomous research body under the State Government, to conduct the feasibility study of the proposal to build a monorail system in Thiruvananthapuram. The feasibility study was conducted by a core team comprising five scientists of NATPAC and various survey teams. Topographic studies, identification of stations and surveys were the main components of the study.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131206210329/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/monorail-feasibility-study-ends/225487-60-123.html Monorail: Feasibility study ends]. Ibnlive.in.com (31 January 2012).</ref>

The state government had initially asked the state transport department to prepare a detailed project report (DPR).<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-04/kochi/30588236_1_project-report-monorail-kozhikode | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101152957/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-04/kochi/30588236_1_project-report-monorail-kozhikode | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 November 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=PWD prepares project report for Kozhikode monorail project | date=4 January 2012}}</ref> However, the DMRC was later entrusted with the task. DMRC principal advisor E. Sreedharan submitted the DPR to [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]] [[Oommen Chandy]] on 11 December 2012.<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/dmrc-submits-detailed-project-report-for-monorail/article4190870.ece |title=DMRC submits detailed project report for Monorail |work=The hindu|date=12 December 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |location=Chennai, India |first=S. Anil |last=Radhakrishnan}}</ref> A [[Special purpose entity|special purpose vehicle]] (SPV) was created in October 2012.<ref>{{cite news|agency=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-04/kozhikode/34258992_1_meenchanda-city-project-monorail |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101152959/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-04/kozhikode/34258992_1_meenchanda-city-project-monorail |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 November 2013 |title=Cabinet approves detailed project report of Kozhikode monorail project |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 October 2012 |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> The Thiruvananthapuram Monorail project was assigned to the KMCL on 26 November 2012. The government had handed over the [[Kozhikode Monorail]] project to the KMCL prior to that.<ref name="thehindu2">{{cite news|author=S. Anil Radhakrishnan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/monorail-project-on-track-soon/article4139685.ece |title=Monorail project on track soon |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 November 2012 |access-date=18 July 2013 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

On 12 June 2013, the state cabinet gave clearance for an agreement to be signed between KMCL and DMRC.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/nod-for-pact-with-dmrc-for-monorail/article4809672.ece Nod for pact with DMRC for monorail]. The Hindu (13 June 2013).</ref> The DMRC will receive 3.25% of the {{INR}} 55.81 billion ({{INR}} 35.90 billion for Thiruvananthapuram and {{INR}} 19.91 billion for Kozhikode) in general consultant fees.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/agreement-with-dmrc-to-be-signed-on-june-19/article4815555.ece "Agreement with DMRC to be signed on June 19"]. The Hindu (15 June 2013).</ref> The agreement was signed on 19 June 2013.<ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/states/kerala-monorail-delhi-metro-ink-consultancy-agreement/article4830251.ece Kerala Monorail, Delhi Metro ink consultancy agreement | Business Line]. ''Business Line''. (19 June 2013).</ref>

Global tenders were floated for the Thiruvananthapuram Monorail.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/global-tenders-again-for-trivandrum-kozhikode-monorail/article5243329.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=S. Anil | last=Radhakrishnan | title=Global tenders again for Trivandrum, Kozhikode monorail | date=17 October 2013}}</ref> The deadline for technical bids was extended from 1 October 2013 to 15 October.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> However, a consortium led by Bombardier Transportation was the only firm that expressed an interest before the deadline. Pre-bid queries had also been made by Japanese firm Hitachi, Malaysian firm Scomi,<ref name="articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-18/thiruvananthapuram/43176926_1_monorail-project-kerala-monorail-corporation-limited-scomi-engineering | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102223938/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-18/thiruvananthapuram/43176926_1_monorail-project-kerala-monorail-corporation-limited-scomi-engineering | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-11-02 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=DMRC may go for another tender to select entities for monorail project}}</ref> and firms from the United Kingdom, South Korea, and China.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/tender-norms-revised-for-trivandrum-kozhikode-monorail-projects/article5261583.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=S. Anil | last=Radhakrishnan | title=Tender norms revised for Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikode monorail projects | date=23 October 2013}}</ref> The tender for the proposed project only received one bid, so a second tender had to be issued.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Government-will-go-for-re-tendering/2013/10/23/article1850594.ece|title = 'Government will go for re-tendering'}}</ref> The deadline for bids was extended again to 15 April.<ref name="newindianexpress.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Paperwork-Stage-Still/2014/02/01/article2031133.ece#.UvU0eoXkjBY|title = Paperwork Stage, Still}}</ref><ref name="Radhakrishnan">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/monorail-dpr-for-trivandrum-and-kozhikode-to-be-submitted-for-nod/article5660001.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=S. Anil | last=Radhakrishnan | title=Monorail DPR for Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode to be submitted for nod | date=6 February 2014}}</ref>

Bombardier Transportation, Hitachi, Afcons, Scomi, and Larsen and Toubro expressed interest in the second round of tender submissions. A pre-bid meeting was held in New Delhi on 20 February 2014.<ref name="Radhakrishnan"/> Bidding on the Kozhikode and Thiruvananthapuram projects was delayed by the model code of conduct coming into effect prior to the 2014 Lok Sabha elections.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pwd-works-on-the-slow-lane/article5870542.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=S. Anil | last=Radhakrishnan | title=PWD works on the slow lane | date=4 April 2014}}</ref>

On 28 August 2014, the State Government decided to use Metro, instead of Monorail, in Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode, mainly due to cost overruns. Though slightly costlier, Metro has several advantages, such as easy raising of capacity, DMRC's expertise in the field and more number of companies who can bid for the project.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/monorail-scrapped-lrts-mooted/article6361025.ece|title=Monorail scrapped, LRTS mooted|last=Radhakrishnan|first=S. Anil|date=28 August 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS news]] |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/kerala-drops-monorail-projects-opts-for-light-metro-114082801021_1.html |title=Kerala drops monorail projects, opts for metro |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=28 August 2014 |access-date=6 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS news]] |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/kerala-opts-for-light-metro-not-monorail-114102400510_1.html |title=Kerala opts for metro, not monorail |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=24 October 2014 |access-date=6 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kmcl-nod-for-light-metro-project/article6531829.ece |title=Nod for Metro project for Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikode |work=[[The Hindu]] |author= Radhakrishnan, S. Anil |date=25 October 2014 |access-date=6 May 2015}}</ref>

==Plan==
The Thiruvananthapuram line will start from Technocity and terminate at Karamana covering a distance of 22.537 km with 19 stations, along the old NH 47. Slight accommodations were made for the proposed flyovers at Kazhakuttam, Sreekariyam and Ulloor. Special spans are proposed where the line crosses the railway line at Railway Km 221/6-8. The car depot is located on a 12.5 hectares of Government land near the CRPF Camp at Pallipuram.<ref name="EOI1"/>

The project will be built in 3 phases.<ref name="thehindu1"/> Stations would be located at Technocity, [[Pallippuram, Thiruvananthapuram|Pallippuram]], [[Kaniyapuram]], [[Kazhakootam]] Junction, Karyavattom, Gurumandiram, Pangappara, [[Sreekariyam]], [[Pongumoodu]], [[Ulloor]], [[Kesavadasapuram]], Pattom, Plamoodu, [[Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram|Palayam]], Secretariat, [[Thampanoor]], Killipalam, and [[Karamana]].<ref name="TOI1">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-12/thiruvananthapuram/35773053_1_monorail-train-control-e-sreedharan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103020048/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-12/thiruvananthapuram/35773053_1_monorail-train-control-e-sreedharan |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 November 2013 |title=DMRC submits detailed project report for monorail |date=12 December 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=20 December 2012}}</ref> The line will be built in three phases.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Route !! colspan="2" | Terminals !! Length (km) !! Stations !! Opening date
|-
| Route 1 || [[Technocity, Thiruvananthapuram|Technocity]] || [[Kariavattom]] || 7 || ||
|-
| Route 2 || [[Kesavadasapuram]] || [[Karamana]] || 8 || ||
|-
| Route 3 || Kariavattom || Kesavadasapuram || 8 || ||
|-
! Total
| '''Technocity''' || '''Karamana''' || '''22.20''' || 19 || ''2025'
|}

Route 1 covers a distance of 7 km from [[Technocity, Thiruvananthapuram|Technocity]] to [[Kariavattom]].<ref>[http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?xfile=data/international/2013/June/international_June619.xml&section=international Mono rail projects on fast track in Kerala]. Khaleej Times (20 June 2013).</ref> It is expected to be commissioned 30 months after the contractor is finalised.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/carriageway-width-to-be-24-metres/article5525607.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Carriageway width to be 24 metres | date=1 January 2014}}</ref>

The metro will have provisions for extension towards the south up to Neyyattinkara as well as towards north to attingal. There is another proposal to extend the network to Thiruvananthapuram International Airport.<ref name="thehindu1"/>

==Cost==
The cost of the project, based in April 2012 prices, was {{INRConvert|27.0256|b}} excluding taxes of {{INRConvert|4.75|b}}.<ref name="EOI1">{{cite web|title=EXPRESSION OF INTEREST CUM PREQUALIFICATION FOR PROPOSED MONORAIL PROJECT IN KOZHIKODE AND THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CITIES OF KERALA STATE|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/otherdocuments/614/EOI.pdf|work=[[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation|DMRC]]|access-date=10 November 2013|author=KMCL|author-link=Kerala Mono Rail Corporation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101182525/http://www.delhimetrorail.com/otherdocuments/614/EOI.pdf|archive-date=1 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The cost to construct each kilometre of the metro was estimated as {{INR}} 1617.1 million.<ref name="TOI1"/> The Design, Build-Operate-Transfer (DBOT) mode was proposed.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120920044707/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/uk-singapore-firms-express-interest-in-monorail-srip/292008-60-116.html ]</ref> The State and Union governments were to each pay 20% of the cost, and the rest was to be paid by other investors such as banks.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-25/thiruvananthapuram/45560702_1_kerala-monorail-corporation-limited-monorail-project-multi-crore-project | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202125335/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-25/thiruvananthapuram/45560702_1_kerala-monorail-corporation-limited-monorail-project-multi-crore-project | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-02-02 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Tender deadline for monorail project extended}}</ref>

In the 2012 State Budget, finance minister [[K. M. Mani]], allotted {{INRConvert|200|m}} for the Thiruvananthapuram project.<ref>[http://english.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/contentView.do?contentId=11246155&channelId=-1073865028&catId=-1073912525 FM allocates more funds for Metro, Monorail projects]. Manorama Online.</ref> The project will be financed in part by a 5% state government surcharge on petrol and diesel sales. The surcharge is expected to bring in {{INR}} 2.50 billion per year.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/288102/kerala-citizens-pay-their-metro.html Kerala citizens to pay for their metro]. ''Deccan Herald''. (26 October 2012).</ref>

The operation and maintenance costs are divided into three major parts - staff costs, maintenance cost which include expenditure towards upkeep and maintenance of the system and consumables, and energy costs.<ref name = "EOI1"/>

In 2015, the cost for the Technocity - Karamana section was revised to {{INR}} 4,219 crore.<ref name="ReferenceC">"Road ahead for Metro", ''The Hindu'', THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, 19 May 2015</ref>

==Rolling stock==
Each train will be made up of 3 coaches on the formation - leading car / intermediate car / leading car. The length and width of the cars will be 18m and 2.7m respectively. The total length of train will be approximately 54 m.<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

==Track Elevation development==
The [[Thiruvananthapuram Corporation|Trivandrum City Corporation]] faced huge challenges for elevated [[Viaduct]] in the city. This caused as most of the suburbs of the cities have roads that dont have broader length. On July 2019 Kerala Chief Minister [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] addressed that the route will not bound the [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH 66 (Kovalam Bypass)]] it will enter the [[Thampanoor]] through [[Sreekariyam]], [[Kesavadasapuram]] and [[Pattom]] one of Trivandrum's most busiest suburbs

==Fare==
Proposed fares for the metro vary from a minimum of {{INR}} 8 for two km to {{INR}} 30 for 18–24 km. However, the minimum fare projected for 2019 is {{INR}} 11 and the maximum {{INR}} 42.<ref name="thehindu1"/>

==Replacement of monorail==
Representatives of Hyundai Rotem proposed in 2012 to use Maglev technology for setting up a mass rapid transport system in the city.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130126101150/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-10/thiruvananthapuram/32617720_1_maglev-technology-e-sreedharan-high-level-meeting Maglev tech-based plan mooted for Thiruvananthapuram - Times Of India]. ''The Times of India''. (10 July 2012).</ref>

On 28 August 2014, the State Government decided to use Metro system, like the one planned for Kochi dirung{{typo help inline|reason=similar to during|date=October 2019}}, instead of Monorail, in both Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode, mainly due to cost overruns.

==Personal Rapid Transit==
A [[Personal Rapid Transit]] (PRT) system in Thiruvananthapuram has been proposed by INKEL ltd. A shift of 40% of the car and auto rickshaw travellers to the new system is expected. The PRT will function as a feeder mode of transport to supplement the metro.

The project will be completed in two phases. The first will be from [[Pallippuram, Thiruvananthapuram|Pallipuram]] to [[Thampanoor]] and the second from Thampanoor to [[Neyyattinkara]]. Thirty-five stations are proposed and the track will pass through [[Vellayambalam]], [[Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram|Palayam]], [[Statue]], [[Overbridge]], [[East Fort]] and [[Thampanoor]].<ref name="Mono news">{{cite news|title=Trivandrum monorail|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/article2912344.ece|access-date=21 February 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=20 February 2012|location=Chennai, India|first=S. Anil|last=Radhakrishnan}}</ref>

The approximate cost of the project is {{INR}} 60  crore per kilometre and it can be completed in 24 to 30 months.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131212171602/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/prt-a-feeder-to-monorail/225486-60-123.html PRT: A feeder to Monorail]. Ibnlive.in.com (30 January 2012).</ref>

Finance Minister K.M. Mani allocated {{INR}} 2.5 million in the 2012-13 State Budget for preliminary work on the PRT in Thiruvananthapuram and [[Kottayam]].

The project is expected to be completed in 24 months from date of commencement.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/article3200079.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=S. Anil | last=Radhakrishnan | title=Pod-cars to link major work centres | date=23 March 2012}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Kerala Mono Rail Corporation]]
*[[Thiruvananthapuram]]
*[[Kochi Metro]]
*[[Kozhikode Monorail]]
*[[Rapid transit in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Rapid transit in India}}
{{Thiruvananthapuram}}
{{Railways in Southern India}}
{{Kerala transit}}
{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Transport in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Standard gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Proposed monorails in India]]

Thiruvananthapuram Light Metro - Revision history

imported>Yamaguchi先生: Reverted edits by 2402:8100:3928:8457:0:0:0:1 (talk) to last version by Shady59