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{{Short description|Canal in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}

The '''Thiruvananthapuram - Shoranur canal''' is a historic canal in [[India]], from [[Trivandrum]] to [[Shoranur]] ([[Palakkad]] district). It was one of the most arterial transportation mode in erstwhile [[Travancore]] princely state. Most of the trade, commerce and freight traffic in [[Travancore]] used to happen through this canal. The canal used to pass through rice bowl of the state, [[Kuttanad]], centre of [[Coir]] trade i.e. [[Alappuzha]], centre of [[Cashew business in Kollam|Cashew business, Kollam]], [[Changanassery]] market, strategic [[Thevally]], [[Kayamkulam]], [[Varkala]] etc. and used to connect [[Thiruvithamkoor]] with [[Cochin State]] and [[Malabar District|Malabar]].

== History ==
The T S canal was commissioned in stages under the three erstwhile states of [[Travancore]], [[Cochin]] and [[Madras]] between the 18th and 19th century. The portion between [[Channankara]] and Thiruvananthapuram was first done to effect through-traffic from [[Varkala]] to [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. Then, [[Paravur, Kollam|Paravur]] canal was constructed to link the backwaters of [[Paravur Lake]] and [[Edava Kayal]]. [[Kollam Canal|Quilon canal]] came next, connecting [[Paravur Lake]] and [[Ashtamudi Kayal]]. Thus, the waterway route in this region was completed by 1880 to have through movement of goods and passenger traffic between the southern parts of Travancore parts of the state.

== Course ==
The total route length of TS Canal is almost 420 km. However at present this entire stretch is not completely navigable.
[[File:Kollam Canal, Jan 2016.jpg|right|thumb|[[Kollam Canal|Quilon Canal]], part of [[National Waterway 3]]]]
* Kovalam - Kollam reach - 79 km comprising,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/rs92-crore-scheme-for-improving-ts-canal/article27460710.ece|title=Rs.9.2-crore scheme for improving T.S. Canal|date=2005-09-02|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-16|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
** Kovalam to Vallakkadavu 11 km
** Vallakkadavu to Akkulam 7.5 km through TRV<ref>{{Cite news|last=Radhakrishnan|first=S. Anil|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/ts-canal-development-technically-feasible/article5843038.ece|title=TS canal development ‘technically feasible’|date=2014-03-28|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-16|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
** Akkulam lake to Kadinamkulam lake is 11.5 km
** Kadinamkulam lake to Kozhithottam lake 15.2 km
** Kozhithottam lake to Nadayara lake 12.8 km with 1 km Varkala Tunnel.
** Nadayara lake to Paravur lake 8.3 km
** Paravur lake to Kollam is 12.7-km through Kollam Thodu<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reporter|first=Our Staff|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/restoration-of-ts-canal-proposed/article27881659.ece|title=Restoration of TS Canal proposed|date=2002-11-20|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-16|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[National Waterway 3]]
** comprising Kollam - Kottapuram- 205 km and
** [[Kodungallur]] - [[Ponnani]] reach of [[Conolly Canal]] - 85 km.
* Bharathapuzha from [[Ponnani]] to [[Shoranur]] - 54 km - this stretch is not at all in a navigable condition at present. There is very little water flow in [[Bharathappuzha]] due to 11 reservoirs in its upper basin and vast tracts of its upper basin in [[Palakkad Gap]] and beyond are semi-arid. There was also incessant sand mining in the river basin, which destroyed the quality of the river bed for navigation purpose.

== Present status ==
[[File:T S Canal.jpg|thumb|T S canal]]

Currently the canal is largely unused because of,

* Poor quality of channel due to - siltation, encroachments, dumping of waste and sewage, unscientific constructions, low cross structures and shallow depths have prevented its use for navigation.<ref>"[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/ts-canal-development-technically-feasible/article5843038.ece TS canal development ‘technically feasible’]" ''The Hindu.'' 28 March 2014</ref>
* Development of faster alternatives - railway lines and roadways.

Marginal utilisation is there for tourism and passenger transportation in [[Kollam]], [[Alappuzha]], [[Kottayam]] and [[Kochi]] at present.

In 2005 [[National Transportation Planning and Research Centre]] prepared a Rs. 9.2 Crore project to revive the 60.5 km long [[Kovalam]] - [[Kollam]] stretch of the canal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/rs92-crore-scheme-for-improving-ts-canal/article27460710.ece|title=Rs.9.2-crore scheme for improving T.S. Canal|date=2005-09-02|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-16|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

There is huge development planned and undertaken on [[Kollam]] - [[Ponnani]] stretch of the canal as part of development of [[National Waterway 3]] as part of larger 630 km West Coast Canal (WCC) Project between [[Kovalam]] and [[Bekal]].

There is also renovation happening on [[Parvathi Puthannaar|Parvathi Puthanaar]] reach of canal by KWIL and cleaning of [[Varkala Tunnel]]'s Chilakkoor passage by [[Government of Kerala]]. Now, of the 74.18-km waterway from Kovalam to Kollam, only 27.5 km are navigable and 11.3 km partially navigable.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Radhakrishnan|first=S. Anil|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/waterway-revival-in-full-swing/article24603026.ece|title=Waterway revival in full swing|date=2018-08-04|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-16|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Waterways transport in Kerala]]
* [[AVM Canal]]
* [[Canoli Canal]]
* [[Varkala Tunnel]]

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thiruvananthapuram-Shoranur canal}}
[[Category:Canals in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Canals opened in 1880]]

Thiruvananthapuram–Shoranur canal - Revision history

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