Thirunalloor Karunakaran - Revision history

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	===Early life===		===Early life===
	Thirunalloor (variously spelled in English as Thiru''nelloor'', Thiru''nellur'' and Thiru''nallur'') Karunakaran{{efn\|name="name"\|"Thirunalloor" is his family name, and "Karunakaran" is his given name}} was born in the village of [[Perinad]] in [[Kollam]] ([[Quilon]]) district in [[Kerala]] to P. K. Padmanabhan and N. Lakshmy. He started learning [[Sanskrit]] in the traditional way before joining primary school and he associated with the working-class political movement early in his life. He published his first book, the [[Malayalam]] translation of a poem by [[Oliver Goldsmith]], while in school. He wrote several poems while he was a student, as well as [[lyrics]] and articles in various periodicals. He made his mark during the ''[[Pink Decade]]'' in Malayalam poetry. By the time he ~~bagan~~ college, his close contacts with Communist leaders like [[R. Sugathan]] and [[M. N. Govindan Nair]] made him a staunch sympathiser of the [[Communist Party of India]].<ref name=" Obituary reports on ">Obituary reports on ''Thirunalloor Karunakaran'' published in various news papers on 6 July 2006</ref>		Thirunalloor (variously spelled in English as Thiru''nelloor'', Thiru''nellur'' and Thiru''nallur'') Karunakaran{{efn\|name="name"\|"Thirunalloor" is his family name, and "Karunakaran" is his given name}} was born in the village of [[Perinad]] in [[Kollam]] ([[Quilon]]) district in [[Kerala]] to P. K. Padmanabhan and N. Lakshmy. He started learning [[Sanskrit]] in the traditional way before joining primary school and he associated with the working-class political movement early in his life. He published his first book, the [[Malayalam]] translation of a poem by [[Oliver Goldsmith]], while in school. He wrote several poems while he was a student, as well as [[lyrics]] and articles in various periodicals. He made his mark during the ''[[Pink Decade]]'' in Malayalam poetry. By the time he began college, his close contacts with Communist leaders like [[R. Sugathan]] and [[M. N. Govindan Nair]] made him a staunch sympathiser of the [[Communist Party of India]].<ref name=" Obituary reports on ">Obituary reports on ''Thirunalloor Karunakaran'' published in various news papers on 6 July 2006</ref>

	===Career===		===Career===
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	[[Image:Ranipoem.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|Painting based on the poem "[[Rani (poem)\|Rani]]" by Thirunalloor Karunakaran. Artist:Chirayinkeezhu Sreekantan Nair]]		[[Image:Ranipoem.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|Painting based on the poem "[[Rani (poem)\|Rani]]" by Thirunalloor Karunakaran. Artist:Chirayinkeezhu Sreekantan Nair]]

	A three-day-long cultural festival called '[[Thirunalloor Kavyolsavam]]' is held every year from 1 May ([[International Workers' Day]]) on the banks of the [[Ashtamudi lake]] in [[Quilon]] to perpetuate his memory.<ref>The 2008 and 2009 issues of ''Abhivaadanam'' the festival bulletin of ''Thirunalloor Kavyolsavam''</ref><ref>[http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?Title=Thirunalloor+Kavyolsavam+from+today&artid=wuZIBOEO2eg=&SectionID=1ZkF/jmWuSA=&MainSectionID=1ZkF/jmWuSA=&SectionName=X7s7i \|xOZ5Y=&SEO= -Thirunalloor Kavyolsavam from today ]{{Dead link\|date=November 2018 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>		A three-day-long cultural festival called '[[Thirunalloor Kavyolsavam]]' is held every year from 1 May ([[International Workers' Day]]) on the banks of the [[Ashtamudi lake]] in [[Quilon]] to perpetuate his memory.<ref>The 2008 and 2009 issues of ''Abhivaadanam'' the festival bulletin of ''Thirunalloor Kavyolsavam''</ref><ref>[http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?Title=Thirunalloor+Kavyolsavam+from+today&artid=wuZIBOEO2eg=&SectionID=1ZkF/jmWuSA=&MainSectionID=1ZkF/jmWuSA=&SectionName=X7s7i xOZ5Y=&SEO= -Thirunalloor Kavyolsavam from today ]{{Dead link\|date=November 2018 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

	==Writings and philosophy==		==Writings and philosophy==
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	{{commons category\|Thirunalloor Karunakaran}}		{{commons category\|Thirunalloor Karunakaran}}
	*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041030190507/http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/09/stories/2004100914690300.htm -Honouring a poet differently ]		*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041030190507/http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/09/stories/2004100914690300.htm -Honouring a poet differently ]
	*[http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?title=Thirunalloor%20flays%20Parameswaran’s%20comments&artid=sAutlHO0UKLDXktNmhfUaO2ewwJDF/2d&type=Archive -Thirunalloor flays ~~Parameswaran’s~~ comments]{{Dead link\|date=November 2018 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}		*[http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?title=Thirunalloor%20flays%20Parameswaran’s%20comments&artid=sAutlHO0UKLDXktNmhfUaO2ewwJDF/2d&type=Archive -Thirunalloor flays Parameswaran's comments]{{Dead link\|date=November 2018 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}
	*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050126231837/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/10/18/stories/2004101800800200.htm -A pioneer in translating classics]		*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050126231837/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/10/18/stories/2004101800800200.htm -A pioneer in translating classics]
	*[http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?title=Thirunalloor%20for%20movement%20to%20spread%20'real%20Indian%20culture'&artid=8VoEAbzbmKRQASdSS9nQvRgN7AY6SM \|t&type=Archive- Thirunalloor for movement to spread 'real Indian culture']{{dead link\|date=March 2018 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}		*[http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?title=Thirunalloor%20for%20movement%20to%20spread%20'real%20Indian%20culture'&artid=8VoEAbzbmKRQASdSS9nQvRgN7AY6SM t&type=Archive- Thirunalloor for movement to spread 'real Indian culture']{{dead link\|date=March 2018 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}
	*[http://poetryandpoetsinrags.blogspot.com/2006/07/great-regulars-perry.html -Poetic Obituaries]		*[http://poetryandpoetsinrags.blogspot.com/2006/07/great-regulars-perry.html -Poetic Obituaries]
	*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120428203630/http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?title=Thirunalloor%20laid%20to%20rest&artid=spr3aiAJi2yrk3lqu5u7NwammjPuSGEe&type=Archive -Thirunalloor laid to rest]		*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120428203630/http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?title=Thirunalloor%20laid%20to%20rest&artid=spr3aiAJi2yrk3lqu5u7NwammjPuSGEe&type=Archive -Thirunalloor laid to rest]

->AukusRuckus: Disambiguated: materialistic → materialism

2021-10-08T10:25:26Z

Disambiguated: materialistic → materialism

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imported>Hazel is rabbit: added spaces after punctuation

2021-07-18T14:35:58Z

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{{Copy edit|date=June 2021}}
{{Lead too short|date=June 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
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{{Infobox writer
| name = Thirunalloor Karunakaran
| image = ThirunalloorKarunakaran.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Thirunalloor Karunakaran
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1924|10|8}}
| birth_place = [[Kollam]], Kerala, India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2006|7|5|1924|10|8}}
| death_place = [[Kollam]], Kerala, India
| occupation = Poet
| spouse = Syamala devi
| nationality = {{IND}}
}}
'''Thirunalloor Karunakaran''' (8 October 1924 – 5 July 2006) was a renowned poet, scholar, teacher and leftist intellectual of [[Kerala]], India.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=THIRUNELLUR&source=bl&ots=D8b9D-kbJm&sig=1_Y3uhPSRft80EZdnZ2dSRJa8Ls&hl=en&ei=Pyq6SuOKMZWWkQWf1ZnhBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5#v=onepage&q=THIRUNELLUR&f=false A History of Indian Literature, 1911–1956, Sisir Kumar Das]</ref><ref>''Kairaliyude Kadha'', N. Krishna Pillai, SPCS, [[Kottayam]]</ref><ref>'' Malayala Kavithasahithya Charithram''; [[M. Leelavathy]], [[Kerala Sahithya Akademy]], [[Trichur]]</ref><ref>''Sahithya Varaphalam'': [[M. Krishnan Nair (author)|M. Krishnan Nair]].</ref><ref>''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' Daily(Editorial, 7 July 2006) ;Calicut</ref>

==Biography==

===Early life===
Thirunalloor (variously spelt in English as Thiru''nelloor'', Thiru''nellur'' and Thiru''nallur'') Karunakaran – 'Thirunalloor', his family name, and 'Karunakaran', his given name – was born in the village of [[Perinad]] in [[Kollam]] ([[Quilon]]) district in [[Kerala]] to P.K.Padmanabhan and N.Lakshmy. He started learning [[Sanskrit]] in the traditional way before joining primary school and was associated with the working class political movement early in his life. He published his first book-the [[Malayalam]] translation of a poem by [[Oliver Goldsmith]]- while in school. During student days he wrote several poems, [[lyrics]] and articles in periodicals and made his mark during the ''[[Pink Decade]]'' in Malayalam poetry. By the time of his joining college his close contacts with Communist leaders like [[R.Sugathan]] and [[M. N. Govindan Nair]] had made him a staunch sympathiser of the [[Communist party]].<ref name=" Obituary reports on ">Obituary reports on ''Thirunalloor Karunakaran'' published in various news papers on 6 July 2006</ref>

===Career===
After taking his BA degree in History from S N College, Kollam, he worked as a tutor there for a brief stint. Soon he joined [[University college]] [[Trivandrum]] for post graduate studies in Malayalam where he did some advanced study of Kerala history under Prof. [[Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai]], famous historian and scholar who was a major influence in his intellectual life. After taking his MA in Malayalam he joined the [[government service]] as college lecturer and taught at Government Arts College and University College. He served as a member of the [[Kerala Public Service Commission]] for 6 years. Later he worked as the editor of [[Janayugam]], a weekly cultural magazine of the [[Communist Party of India]]. In 1973 he visited the [[Soviet Union]] as a member of the delegation of Indian writers who participated in the [[Afro-Asian Writers Conference]] held in [[Kazakhstan]].<ref name="Obituary reports on"/>

Awards conferred on him include Asan Award (1984), [[Vayalar Award]] (1988), Muloor Award (1992), Abudabi Shakthi Award, [[Kerala Sahitya Academy]] Award for lifetime contribution (2000) etc.<ref name=" Obituary reports on "/>

===Final years===
Though he lived in the city of [[Trivandrum]] for more than three decades he chose to spend the rest of his life in his native village [[Perinad]] on the banks of the scenic [[Ashtamudi lake]] which had been a constant source of inspiration for his poetry.

He died on 5 July 2006 at his residence in [[Quilon]]. He was buried without any customary religious rites or ceremonies, as he had wished.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104070254/http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/07/stories/2006070713540300.htm -Thirunellur laid to rest ]</ref> During his last years he was engaged in writing a long poem titled 'Seetha' ([[Sita]]) reinterpretting the [[Ramayana]] legend.

A three-day-long cultural festival called '[[Thirunalloor Kavyolsavam]]' is held every year from 1 May ([[International Workers' Day]]) on the banks of the [[Ashtamudi lake]] in [[Quilon]] to perpetuate his memory.<ref>The 2008 and 2009 issues of ''Abhivaadanam'' the festival bulletin of ''Thirunalloor Kavyolsavam''</ref><ref>[http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?Title=Thirunalloor+Kavyolsavam+from+today&artid=wuZIBOEO2eg=&SectionID=1ZkF/jmWuSA=&MainSectionID=1ZkF/jmWuSA=&SectionName=X7s7i |xOZ5Y=&SEO= -Thirunalloor Kavyolsavam from today ]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[Image:Ranipoem.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Painting based on the poem "[[Rani (poem)|Rani]]" by Thirunalloor Karunakaran. Artist:Chirayinkeezhu Sreekantan Nair]]

==Writings and philosophy==
Having studied [[Marxism]] and [[Indian philosophy]] in depth he formed a unique vision of his own combining the best aspects of both and this vision is the central illuminating force of all his poems. In many of his poems he depicts the physical and spiritual experience of collective human labour as a creative process of self-assertion and self emancipation of mankind. ''Tharisu nilangalilekku'' (To the barren fields), ''Parayudappukar''(The Granite crushers), ''Adyathe Theevandi'' (The First Train)''Kayamkulam Kayal''(Kayamkulam Lake) bear the stamp of this vision.<ref>''Grandhalokam'' Monthly;(April 2002)Kerala State Library council;Trivandrum</ref><ref>''[[Kerala Kaumudi]]'' Daily(Editorial, 6 July 2006);Trivandrum</ref>

The [[Ashtamudi lake]] and the life on its shores was a key source of inspiration for his writings and his poetry abounds with varied themes, characters and imagery taken from this rich repository. He wrote, with equal ease, short [[lyrics]] dealing with soft transitory feelings and moods as well as long [[narrative poems]] having diverse characters and complex social situations.<ref>Sahithyalokam Trimonthly; January–March 1985;pp 41–45;Kerala SahithyaAcademy,Thrissur</ref><ref name="Articles and features on ">Articles and features on ''Thirunalloor Karunakaran'' published in various magazines and journals in July 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.kerala.gov.in/kercalsptmbr06/pg26.pdf -An Idealistic Ordeal]{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref>

Several of his works, like lyrics written for various media and artforms like '[[Kadhaprasangam]]' and stageplays, as well as marching songs, articles and writings in [[Sanskrit]], are yet to be compiled. This includes the Sanskrit translation of [[Kumaran Asan]]'s ''Chandala Bhikshuki'' and studies in Indian [[aesthetics]].<ref name="Articles and features on "/><ref>Bhashaposhini Monthly; May 2004;pp 6–12 Kottayam</ref>

Thirunalloor was an atheist, who believed that the Indian philosophy is essentially [[materialistic]] and areligious and he strongly called for a critical evaluation of the [[Bhagavad Gita]] and the philosophy of [[Shankaracharya]] ([[Adi Shankara]]) to expose their darker sides. He said that Shankaracharya was a supporter of the [[caste system]] and the Bhagavad Gita was an open sanction for violence.<ref>PachaMalayalam Monthly; January 2005,pp18-24; Quilon</ref>

==Publications==

===Poetry===
*Samagamam (Long poem)
*Manjuthullikal (Collection of poems)
*Premam Madhuramanu Dheeravumanu (Long narrative poem)
*Soundaryathinte padayalkal (Collection of poems)
*[[Rani (poem)|Rani]] (Long narrative poem)
*Rathri (Long narrative poem)
*Anthi Mayangumbol (Collection of lyrics)
*Tashkent (Long narrative poem)
*Thirunalloor Karunakarante Kavithakal (Collection of poems)
*Vayalar (Long narrative poem)
*Greeshma sandhyakal (Collection of poems)
*Puthumazha (Collection of poems for children)
*Meghasandesam (Translation of ''[[Meghaduta]]'' by [[Kalidasa]] )
*Omarghayyaminte Gadhakal (Translation of ''[[Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam|Rubaiyat]]'' by [[Omar Khayyam]] )
*Gypsikal'' (Translation of ''Gypsies''by [[Alexander Pushkin]])
*AbhijnanaShakunthalam(Translation of'' [[Abhijnanasakuntalam]]'' by [[Kalidasa]] )

===Prose===
*Malayalabhashaparinamam Sidhanthangalum Vasthuthakalum (A study on the origin and evolution of [[Malayalam language]] )
*Oru Mahayudhathinte Paryavasanam'' ( [[The Mahabharata]] retold through an independent angle)
*Praacheena Bharathathile Bhouthikavaadam'' (Translation of ''In Defence of Materialism in Ancient India'' by [[Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya]])
*Anusmaranangal'' (Collection of articles)

==See also==
{{portal|Poetry}}
*[[Rani (poem)]]
*[[Marxist aesthetics]]
*[[Malayali]]

==Further reading==
*[http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1508/15081250.htm -Frontline;April 11–24 ,1998]
*''Malayalam Poetry Today''; Edited by K.M.Tharakan;Kerala Sahithya Academy,Trichur

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Thirunalloor Karunakaran}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041030190507/http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/09/stories/2004100914690300.htm -Honouring a poet differently ]
*[http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?title=Thirunalloor%20flays%20Parameswaran’s%20comments&artid=sAutlHO0UKLDXktNmhfUaO2ewwJDF/2d&type=Archive -Thirunalloor flays Parameswaran’s comments]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050126231837/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/10/18/stories/2004101800800200.htm -A pioneer in translating classics]
*[http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?title=Thirunalloor%20for%20movement%20to%20spread%20'real%20Indian%20culture'&artid=8VoEAbzbmKRQASdSS9nQvRgN7AY6SM |t&type=Archive- Thirunalloor for movement to spread 'real Indian culture']{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://poetryandpoetsinrags.blogspot.com/2006/07/great-regulars-perry.html -Poetic Obituaries]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120428203630/http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?title=Thirunalloor%20laid%20to%20rest&artid=spr3aiAJi2yrk3lqu5u7NwammjPuSGEe&type=Archive -Thirunalloor laid to rest]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090426104247/http://kerala.gov.in/knowkerala/klm.htm -www.kerala.gov.in ]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070217025050/http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/12/stories/2006071208270300.htm -Call to shun superstitions ]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100119040820/http://www.cinemaofmalayalam.net/aravindan_df1.html -Interview:G.Aravindan]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104073838/http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/30/stories/2007043008220500.htm -Fete in memory of poet Thirunellur]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110713144438/http://www.keralaevents.com/KeralaEventsDetail-27/KAVYOTSAVAM+IN+QUILON+FROM+MAY+1.html?id=396&distid=13&eventsCategory=9 -Kavyotsavam in Quilon from May 1 ]
*[http://www.labourfile.org/ArticleMore.aspx?id=874 -Labour Revolution and Literature;P. Govinda Pillai]
*[http://www.devaragam.com/vbscript/MusicNew.aspx?ArtistID=124 -www.devaragam.com]
*[http://thatsmalayalam.oneindia.in/news/2006/07/06/kerala-thirunelloor-karunakaran-obit.html -thatsmalayalam.oneindia.in]

{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karunakaran, Thirunalloor}}
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian materialists]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Poets from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist writers]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist poets]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:Indian Communist poets]]
[[Category:Translators of Kalidasa]]
[[Category:Translators of Omar Khayyám]]
[[Category:Sree Narayana College, Kollam alumni]]
[[Category:Translators of Alexander Pushkin]]
[[Category:University College Thiruvananthapuram alumni]]
[[Category:University College Thiruvananthapuram faculty]]
[[Category:Writers from Kollam]]
[[Category:People from Kollam district]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]