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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Thirumalpur<br>திருமால்பூர்
| image = Manikandeswarar Temple, Thirumalpur (14).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|12|57|24|N|79|40|25|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =

| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Ranipet district|Ranipet]]
| location = [[Tirumalpur]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Maal Vanangia Eesar, Manikandeswarar ([[Shiva]])
Karunai Nayaki, Anjanakshi ([[Parvathi]])

| Direction_posture =
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| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
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| inscriptions =
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}}

'''Thirumarperu''' '''Manikandeswarar''' Temple is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Shiva]] on Ocheri-Tirumalpur road in [[Tirumalpur]], Tamil Nadu, India. Constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]], the temple is believed to have been built during the [[Cholas]] period in the 9th century. Shiva is worshipped as Manikandeswarar and his consort [[Parvathi]] as Karunai Nayagi.

The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century [[Tamil Saivism|Tamil Saiva]] canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[Nayanmars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''. A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines. The temple has a five-tiered [[Rajagopuram]], the gateway tower.

The temple is open from 6 am – 1 pm and 4–8:30 pm on all days. Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Maasi Magam, Adipooram, Aani Thirumanjanam, Navarathri uthsavam for Ambal and Garuda seva for Vishnu being some of the prominent festivals celebrated. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Legend==
[[File:Manikandeswarar Temple, Thirumalpur (16).jpg|left|thumb|250px|Legend of the temple]]
[[Vishnu]] (called Tirumal) is believed to have worshipped Shiva in this temple; hence the name Thirumalpur.<ref>[[#Ayyar|Ayyar 1991]], p. 257</ref>
Local tradition says that Tirumalpur was where Vishnu asked [[Mahabali]] Chakravarthy to give him land measured by three of Vishnu's steps.<ref>[[#Anand|Anand 2004]], p. 52</ref> As per local legend, when Vishnu touched his discuss on sage Dadisi, the weapon lost its power. As advised by others, Vishnu worshipped Shiva to obtain the Sudharshana discuss. Vishnu started worshipping Shiva at this place daily with thousand flowers. To test his donation, Shiva took away one of the flowers. Vishnu offered his eye in place of the missing flower. Pleased by his devotion, Shiva offer his discuss to Vishnu. Shiva also offered a boon to Vishnu that his devotees in this temple will be blessed with the same grants as they achieve by visiting thousand temples.<ref name=dinamalar/>

==History==
The place is of both historic and prehistoric importance on account of the [[Paleolithic]] tools and megalithic potteries found in the region. There are sculptures found with [[Brahmi]] script and other material remains. The place is identified in the Kasakkudi plates of [[Nandivarman II]] and Aihole inscription of [[Pulakeshin II]] that describe the war between Pulekesin and Mahendravarma Pallava. The temple obtained patronage from various ruling empires in the region specifically by the Cholas from [[Aditya I]] to [[Rajaraja I]]. An inscription by Parthivendra Pallavan from the central shrine indicates that the central shrine and the mandapa around in granite by Paramandadilltan There is a mention of Madurantakan Gandaridattan from the period of Sundara Chola to that of Rajaraja I. An inscription from 988 CE states that Rajaraja himself made a donation of golden flower to the presiding deity.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Tirumalpuram in Ancient times : a Study|last=K.|first=Kumar|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141809|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|pages=783–84|volume=48|year=1987|jstor=44141809}}</ref>
[[File:Thirumalpur Manikandeswar Panorama (1).jpg|thumb|600px|Panoramic view of the temple|center]]

==Architecture==
[[File:Manikandeswarar Temple, Thirumalpur (4).jpg|right|thumb|250px|Image of the Ambal shrine]]
The temple is located in Thirumalpur, which is in the outskirts of [[kanchipuram]]. The temple has a four-tiered ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'' (tower) and a set of inscriptions from the [[Chola]] period of [[Rajaraja Chola I]] (985–1014 [[Common Era|CE]]).<ref>[[#Prentiss|Prentiss 1999]], p. 101</ref> [[Appar]], the 7th-century saint poet, glorified the deity in ''Tevaram'' in one verse.<ref>[[#Prentiss|Prentiss 1999]], p. 182</ref><ref>[[#Khanna|Khanna 2007]], p. 68</ref><ref name="Soundara Rajan">[[#Soundara|Soundara Rajan 2001]], p. 60</ref> The temple is also referred to as Hari-chakrapuram. The [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]], the sacred bull of Shiva, is in standing position in this temple, unlike in other Shiva temples where he is sitting.<ref name="Soundara Rajan"/> The temple tree is [[Bilwa|Vilva]]. The image of the presiding deity is made of sand from Virundeswara river by [[Parvathi]]. The presiding deity is covered by copper pot. Unlike other Shiva temples, ablution is thus not performed on the presiding deity.<ref name=dinamalar/> Chakra Theertha, the temple tank is located outside the main gateway.<ref name=dinamalar/> There is a distinct image of [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] in standing posture facing the central shrine. There is also an image of Vishnu facing the presiding deity. There is an image of Vallabha Vinayaga with ten arms.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy – Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=377–78}}</ref>

==Religious significance and worship practices==
[[File:Manikandeswarar Temple, Thirumalpur (1).jpg|right|thumb|250px|Image of the [[Nayanmar]]s]]
The temple finds mention in ''[[Tevaram]]'', the 7th century 12 volume Saiva canonical work by Tamil saints, namely [[Appar]], [[Sundarar]] and [[Campantar]]. It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] glorified in the Saiva canon. The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Shaiva]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; Ushathkalam at 6:30 a.m., Kalasanthi at 8:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 12:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 5:00 p.m., and Ardha Jamam at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Manikandeswarar and Karunai Nayagi. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] (sacred texts) read by priests and prostration by worshipers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'' and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. Mahashivaratri during February – March and Thiruvadihari during December are the major festivals celebrated in the temple.<ref name=dinamalar/> Every year in the month of ''Maasi'' (Feb-Mar), on ''Maga nakshatra'' (Maga star), the Theerthavari festival is celebrated. The other festivals in the temple are Aadi Pooram, Aaani Thirumanjanam and Marghazi Thiruvathirai. Like Vishnu temples, Garudaseva festival is celebrated in the temple.<ref name=dinamalar>{{cite web|title=Sri Manikandeswarar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=155|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111113503/http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=155|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 November 2011|publisher=Dinamalar|accessdate=31 May 2014|year=2014}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==References==
{{refbegin|20em}}
* {{Citation |last=Ayyar |first=P. V. Jagadisa |title=South Indian shrines: illustrated |year=1991 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-206-0151-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&dq=tirumarperu&pg=PA257|ref=Ayyar}}
* {{Citation |last=Prentiss|first=Karen Pechilis |title=The embodiment of bhakti|year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|isbn=0-19-512813-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vu95WgeUBfEC&dq=tirumarperu&pg=PA101|ref=Prentiss}}
* {{Citation |last=Khanna|first=Meenakshi |title=Cultural History of Medieval India|year=2007 |publisher=Social Science Press |location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-87358-30-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbKv3zyIFD8C&dq=tirumarperu&pg=PA68|ref=Khanna}}
* {{Citation |last1=Anand|first1=Swami P.|first2=Swami|last2=Parmeshwaranand|title=Encyclopaedia of the Śaivism|year=2004 |publisher=Sarup & Sons|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-7625-427-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQvbJDacNDMC&dq=tirumarperu&pg=PA52|ref=Anand}}
* {{Citation |last=Soundara Rajan |first=Kodayanallur Vanamamalai |title=Concise classified dictionary of Hinduism By Kodayanallur Vanamamalai Soundara Rajan|year=2001|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7022-857-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAWS49f8HKoC&dq=tirumalper&pg=PA60|ref=Soundara}}.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Famous Shiva temples|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Kanchipuram district]]

Thirumarperu - Revision history

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