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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Thirumakaraleeswarar Temple
| image = Thirumagaral8.JPG
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|12|43|06|N|79|45|17|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =

| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]]
| locale =
| elevation_m =
| deity = Thirumakaraleeswarar ([[Shiva]])
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Thirumakaraleeswarar Temple''' (also called '''Thirumagaral Temple''' and '''Thirumakaral Easwarar Temple''') is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the deity [[Shiva]], located in '''Magaral''', a village in [[Kanchipuram district]] in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Shiva is worshipped as Thirumakaraleeswarar, and is represented by the ''[[lingam]]''. His consort [[Parvati]] is depicted as Tribuvananayagi. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th-century CE Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[Nayanmars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''.

The temple complex covers two acres and it houses a five-tier gateway tower known as ''[[gopurams]]'', axially facing the Thirumakaraleeswarar shrine. The temple has a number of shrines, with those of Thirumakaraleeswarar and his consort Tribuvananayagi being the most prominent.

The temple has six daily rituals at various times from 6:00 a.m. to 8:30 p.m., and four yearly festivals on its calendar. The Brahmotsavam festival celebrated during Masi (February–March) is the most prominent festival.

The original complex is believed to have been built by [[Cholas]], while the present masonry structure was built during the Vijayanagar Empire [[Madurai Nayak|Nayak]] during the 16th century. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Legend==
[[File:Thirumagaral7.JPG|250px|left|thumb|Image of the entrance of the temple]]
As per [[Hindu]] legend, [[Indra]], the king of celestial deities, presented his white elephant to [[Muruga]], the son of [[Shiva]], during his marriage at [[Thirupparanguram Murugan Temple|Thiruparakundram]]. The divine couple travelled on the elephant. When [[Vishnu]] wanted to view the couple, they appeared at Thirumagaral.

As per another legend, a ruler of the region wanted the fruit from a jack fruit tree in the place wanted it to be offered to [[Chidambaram Nataraja Temple]] every day and subsequently to him. He ordered the local public to carry out the activity every day. Once it was a turn of a boy in the village to carry the fruit. He felt that the king has made an undue order and wanted it to be eliminated. He burnt the tree thinking that the villagers would be relieved off the duty. The king enquired the boy, who fearlessly narrated the truth. The king was angry with him and started chasing him to punish. He found a golden iguana cross his way to an anthill. The king dug the anthill only to see blood oozing out. A divine voice told him that it was Shiva who appeared that and the king had to build a temple for his propitiation. Since Shiva appeared as {{Transliteration|hi|magaral}}, an iguana, the place came to be known as Magaral and Shiva is called as Magaraleeswarar.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=155–6}}</ref>

==Architecture==
[[File:Thirumagaral1.JPG|250px|thumb|The Gajabristha Vimana, in the shape of a hip of an elephant]]
This temple is situated in [[Magaral]], a village in [[Kanchipuram district]], located 12 km from [[Uthiramerur]] on the Uthiramerur - Kanchipuram highway. The temple is located on the northern banks of [[Cheyyar River]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Madras District Gazetteers: Kancheepuram and Tiruvallur districts (erstwhile Chengalpattu District) (pt. 1-2)|publisher=Superintendent, Government Press|page=1735|first=B.S.|last=Baliga|year=2000}}</ref> The nearest railway station is at Kanchipuram and the nearest airport is [[Chennai International Airport]]. The Shiva temple at Magaral is spread over an area of {{convert|2|acre|m2}}. The main rajagopuram is on the east side with seven tiers and pierces the large rectangular granite walls. The [[Pushkarni|temple tank]], Indra Theertha, is located inside the main entrance. The temple is built on an elevated platform and there are two corridors inside the temple. At the main entrance, the sculptures of [[Ganapathy]] and [[Muruga]] can be found on both the sides. The main shrine accommodates the image of Shiva known as Thirumakaraleeswarar in the form of [[Lingam]], of the size of the tail of an iguana. There is a separate shrine for Balambigai to the right of Thirumakaraleeswarar's sanctum. The first precinct on the four sides of the sanctum sanctorum are decorated with the images of [[Nayanmars]], [[Navagraha]]s, [[Bhairava]], [[Murugan]] Sannadhi in the northwest and [[Durga]] Sannadhi on the northeast. The [[vimana]] of the temple is called Gajabrusta in model, replicating the hip of an elephant.<ref name=R/>

==History and religious importance==
[[File:Thirumagaral12.JPG|200px|left|thumb|Child [[Sambandar]] praying to Shiva]]
The original complex is believed to have been built by [[Cholas]], while the Rajagopuram and masonry structure was built during the Vijayanagar Dynasty Nayakkar Kings during the 15th century. There are several inscriptions from the period of [[Kulothunga Chola I]] (reigned 1070–1120), Sundara Pandiyan and Vicayakanta Kopaletevar, indicating generous gifts to the temple.<ref name=R/> In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] - [[Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu#Sthalams|Shiva Sthalams]] glorified in the early medieval ''[[Tevaram]]'' poems by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanmars]] [[Thirugnana Sambanthar]]. As the temple is revered in ''Tevaram'', it is classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', one of the 276 temples that find mention in the Saiva canon. As per ''[[Periya Puranam]]'', the hagiography depicting the life of the 63 Nayanmars, Sambandar visited the place before moving on Kuranganilmuttam and Kanchipuram.<ref>{{cite book|title=Srimad Periya-puraanam|last=Swaminathan|first=Subrahmanya|year=1992|page=175|publisher=S. Swaminathan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Maagaral|url=http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=229|publisher=Thevaaram.org|year=2011|accessdate=14 March 2016}}</ref>

==Festivals==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=right
| total_width = 300
| width1 = 2448 | height1 = 3264
| width2 = 2448 | height2 = 3264
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Thirumagaral4.JPG
|image2=Thirumagaral5.JPG
|footer=Image of [[Brahma]] and [[Durga]]
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The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are performed six times a day; ''Kalasanthi'' at 6:00 a.m., ''Irandam Kalm'' at 9:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 a.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m, ''Irandam Kalm'' at 7:30 p.m., and ''Arthajamam'' at 9:00 p.m.. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for Makaraleeswarar and Tribuvananayagi. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'', and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. Other festivals include Vinayaka Chaturthi, Aadi Pooram, Navaratri, Aippasi Pournami, Skanda Sashti, Kartikai Deepam, Arudra Darisanam, Tai Poosam, Maasi Magam, Panguni Uththiram and Vaikasi Visakam. The major festival of the temple is the Brahmotsavam celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Masi'' (February–March), when special worship practises are followed and the festival image of the deity is taken around the streets of Tirumagaral.<ref name=R/><ref name=dinamalar>{{cite web|title=Sri Tiru Magaral Easwarar temple|url=http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=73|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117075048/http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=73|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 November 2015|publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|year=2014|accessdate=24 November 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Thirumakaraleeswarar Temple}}
{{Famous Shiva temples|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Kanchipuram district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]

Thirumakaraleeswarar temple - Revision history

Md: Creating A Place...