https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=ThirkeThirke - Revision history2026-09-07T01:51:32ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thirke&diff=540893&oldid=prevLuciaStonor: Stub2026-04-28T09:00:38Z<p>Stub</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Writing script for a South Indian language}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox writing system<br />
| name = Thirke<br />
| type = [[Abugida]]<br />
| language = [[Kodava language|Kodava]]<br />
| time = 14th century<br />
| region = {{flag|India}}<br />
| fam1 = [[Egyptian hieroglyphs]]<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Himelfarb|first=Elizabeth J. | title = First Alphabet Found in Egypt| magazine = [[Archaeology (magazine)|Archaeology]] | volume = 53 | issue = 1 | year = 2000 | page = 21 | url =https://archive.archaeology.org/0001/newsbriefs/egypt.html}}</ref><br />
| fam2 = [[Proto-Sinaitic script|Proto-Sinaitic]]{{efn|name=sem|A Semitic origin for the Brāhmī script is not universally accepted.}}<br />
| fam3 = [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]{{efn|name=sem}}<br />
| fam4 = [[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]{{sfn|Salomon|1996|p=378}}<ref name="Salomon 1995">{{Citation |last=Salomon |first=Richard |title=On The Origin Of The Early Indian Scripts: A Review Article. ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'' 115.2 (1995), 271–279 |url=https://indology.info/papers/salomon/ |access-date=27 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522210705/https://www.indology.info/papers/salomon/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 May 2019}}</ref>{{efn|name=sem}}<br />
| fam5 = [[Brāhmī script|Brāhmī]]<br />
|fam6=[[Tamil Brahmi]]<br />
|fam7=[[Pallava script|Pallava]]<br />
|fam8=[[Grantha script|Grantha]]<br />
|sample=Thirke-alphabet (1).jpg<br />
|caption=Letters found in a 14th century Kodagu temple inscription<br />
|sisters=[[Malayalam script]]<br/>[[Tigalari script]]<br />
| children = <br />
}}<br />
{{Brahmic}}<br />
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'''Thirke''' is a left-to-right [[abugida]] (a type of segmental [[Writing systems#Segmental systems: alphabets|writing system]]), based on the ancient [[Brāhmī script|''Brāhmī'']] script.<ref name="DH">{{cite news |last1=Kushalappa |first1=Mookonda |title=The discovery of an old alphabet |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/spectrum/spectrum-top-stories/the-discovery-of-an-old-alphabet-1078173.html |access-date=3 May 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |agency=The Printers (Mysore) Pvt Ltd |date=4 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Star of Mysore">{{cite news |last1=Kushalappa |first1=Mookonda |title=Discovering alphabets of old Kodava script |url=https://starofmysore.com/discovering-alphabets-of-old-kodava-script/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |work=Star of Mysore |publisher=Star of Mysore |date=24 January 2022}}</ref> It was developed and in use during the 14th century CE in [[Kodagu]], in present-day [[Karnataka]].<ref name="Rice">{{cite book |last1=Rice |first1=B L |title=Coorg inscriptions: Epigraphia Carnatica (Revised Edition), Volume 1 |date=1914 |publisher=Government Press |location=Madras (now Chennai) |page=4}}</ref><ref name="DH"/><br />
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==Etymology==<br />
[[Nitin Kushalappa|Mookonda Kushalappa]] called this script "thirke" ("temple" in [[Kodava language|Kodava]]).<ref name="DH"/><ref name="Star of Mysore"/> Kodava is the language native to Kodagu.<ref name="DH"/><br />
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==History==<br />
Two inscriptions dating to 1370-1371 AD with the thirke script were found in the Bhagandeshwara temple in [[Bhagamandala]] and the Palurappa Mahalingeshwara temple in Palur.<ref name="DH"/><ref name="Star of Mysore"/><ref name="Rice"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rice |first1=B L |title=Coorg inscriptions: Epigraphia Carnatica (Revised Edition), Volume 1 |date=1914 |publisher=Government Press |location=Madras (now Chennai) |pages=28, 54, 55}}</ref> <br />
[[File:Combiantion-syllables (1).jpg|thumb|Letter combinations found in a 14th century Kodagu temple inscription]]<br />
[[File:Inscription-word (1).jpg|thumb|Words found in the 14th century Kodagu inscription (c.1370-1371)]]<br />
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==Decipherment==<br />
The inscriptions have been attributed to a King Bodharupa. The Coorg Inscriptions volume of the [[Epigraphia Carnatica]] mentioned these two 14th century inscriptions. Authored by [[B. L. Rice]] in 1914, the two inscriptions were deciphered for him by Narasimhachar and Krishna Shastri. They did not believe the inscriptions to be a unique language.<ref name="Rice"/><ref name="DH"/><ref name="Star of Mysore"/> Narasimhachar said that the "characters are a jumble of [[Grantha script|Grantha]], [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and a few [[Vatteluttu]]. There is no doubt about portions being in Tamil, but other portions are in a language that is neither Malayalam nor [[Tulu language|Tulu]] but is related to them. I think the inscriptions are older than 1400 AD. Some of the characters appear to go back to the 11th century."<ref name="Rice"/><ref name="DH"/><ref name="Star of Mysore"/><br />
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[[File:LSI map of Dravidian languages.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Linguistic Survey of India]]'' (1906) map of the distribution of Dravidian languages]]<br />
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==Discovery==<br />
Mookonda Kushalappa separated the characters used in the two inscriptions and put together the alphabet used.<ref name="DH"/><ref name="Star of Mysore"/><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
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==Sources==<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Salomon |first=Richard |title=The World's Writing Systems |title-link=The World's Writing Systems |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=1996 |isbn=0-19-507993-0 |editor-last=Daniels, Peter T. |chapter=Brahmi and Kharoshthi |editor-last2=Bright, William}}<br />
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{{list of writing systems}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]<br />
[[Category:Kodava language]]</div>LuciaStonor