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	*{{Citation \| ~~last~~=Buck \| ~~first~~=David C. \| last2=Paramasivan \| first2=K. \| title=The Study of Stolen Love: A translation of Kalaviyal enra Iraiyanar Akapporul with Commentary by Nakkiranar \| publisher=Scholars Press \| place=Atlanta \| year=1997 \| isbn=0-7885-0331-6}}		*{{Citation \| last1=Buck \| first1=David C. \| last2=Paramasivan \| first2=K. \| title=The Study of Stolen Love: A translation of Kalaviyal enra Iraiyanar Akapporul with Commentary by Nakkiranar \| publisher=Scholars Press \| place=Atlanta \| year=1997 \| isbn=0-7885-0331-6}}
	*{{Citation \| last=Ilakkuvanar \| first=S. \| title=Tolkappiyam in English with Critical Studies \| publisher=Kural Neri Publishing \| place=Madurai \| year=1963 }}		*{{Citation \| last=Ilakkuvanar \| first=S. \| title=Tolkappiyam in English with Critical Studies \| publisher=Kural Neri Publishing \| place=Madurai \| year=1963 }}
	*{{Citation \| last=Mariaselvam \| first=Abraham \| title=The Song of Songs and Ancient Tamil Love Poems: Poetry and Symbolism \| publisher=Pontificium Institutum Biblicum \| place=Rome \| year=1988 \| isbn=88-7653-118-1}}		*{{Citation \| last=Mariaselvam \| first=Abraham \| title=The Song of Songs and Ancient Tamil Love Poems: Poetry and Symbolism \| publisher=Pontificium Institutum Biblicum \| place=Rome \| year=1988 \| isbn=88-7653-118-1}}
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	*{{Citation \| last=Takahashi \| first=Takanobu \| title=Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics \| publisher=E.J. Brill \| place=Leiden \| year=1995 \| isbn=90-04-09352-4}}		*{{Citation \| last=Takahashi \| first=Takanobu \| title=Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics \| publisher=E.J. Brill \| place=Leiden \| year=1995 \| isbn=90-04-09352-4}}
	*{{Citation \| last=Zvelebil \| first=Kamil \| author-link=Kamil Zvelebil \| title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India \| publisher=E.J. Brill \| place=Leiden \| year=1973b \| isbn=90-04-03591-5}}		*{{Citation \| last=Zvelebil \| first=Kamil \| author-link=Kamil Zvelebil \| title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India \| publisher=E.J. Brill \| place=Leiden \| year=1973b \| isbn=90-04-03591-5}}
	* {{cite web \| title= Tinaipoetics: An Ecopoetics of South India \| work= K. Kaviarasu, Literary Association of Nepal, Volume 30, March 2017 \| url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/~~320958189_Tinaipoetics_An_Ecopoetics_of_South_India~~ \| access-date=2017-11-09}}		* {{cite web \| title= Tinaipoetics: An Ecopoetics of South India \| work= K. Kaviarasu, Literary Association of Nepal, Volume 30, March 2017 \| url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320958189 \| access-date=2017-11-09}}
	{{refend}}		{{refend}}

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2021-01-10T14:42:13Z

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New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
''For the edible gram see [[Millet]]''.

In Tamil poetics, '''thinnais''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: திணை tiṇai "genre", "type") is a type of poetical mode or theme. A thinai consists of a complete poetical landscape - a definite time, place, season in which the poem is set - and background elements characteristic of that landscape - including flora and fauna, inhabitants, deities and social organisation. These collectively provide imagery for extended poetic [[metaphor]]s ("[[ullurai]]", literally "inner meaning"), which set the mood of the poem.<ref>{{Harvnb|Buck|Paramasivam|1997|p=ix}}</ref>

Classical authors recognised two broad categories of thinais. Akam thinais (literally, "the inner genre") consisted of modes used in [[love poetry]], associated with specific aspects of a relationship or specific stages in the development of a relationship. Puram thinais (literally, "the outer genre") consisted of modes that corresponded closely to the akam modes, but were used in [[Heroic poetry|heroic]], [[Wisdom poetry|philosophical and moral poetry]], to describe the stages of a battle or particular patterns of thought.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ramanujan|1985|pp=237–269}}</ref> Later commentators added further categories, such as akappuram, which consisted of modes that mixed elements of akam and puram poetry, and purappuram, which consisted of modes used for peripheral puram themes.<ref>{{Harvnb|Takahashi|1996|p=5, fn. 6}}</ref> The five tinais were kurinji (hilly/mountain region), palai ( parched/dry lands), mullai (pastoral tract), marutam (wet/ agricultural lands) and neital (coastal area). Recent literary studies on Tinai gave birth to Tinai Poetics, the native Indian theory<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320958189_Tinaipoetics_An_Ecopoetics_of_South_India</ref> similar to [[ecocriticism]], which is based on the Tinai concept of Classical Tamil Literature.

==See also==
* [[Sangam Literature]]
* [[Sangam period|Sangam]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
{{refbegin}}

*{{Citation | last=Buck | first=David C. | last2=Paramasivan | first2=K. | title=The Study of Stolen Love: A translation of Kalaviyal enra Iraiyanar Akapporul with Commentary by Nakkiranar | publisher=Scholars Press | place=Atlanta | year=1997 | isbn=0-7885-0331-6}}
*{{Citation | last=Ilakkuvanar | first=S. | title=Tolkappiyam in English with Critical Studies | publisher=Kural Neri Publishing | place=Madurai | year=1963 }}
*{{Citation | last=Mariaselvam | first=Abraham | title=The Song of Songs and Ancient Tamil Love Poems: Poetry and Symbolism | publisher=Pontificium Institutum Biblicum | place=Rome | year=1988 | isbn=88-7653-118-1}}
*{{Citation | last=Marr | first=John Ralston | title=The Eight Anthologies | publisher=Institute of Asian Studies | place=Madras | year=1985}}
*{{Citation | last=Nadarajah | first=Devapoopathy | title=Love in Sanskrit and Tamil Literature | publisher=Motilal Banarasidass | place=Delhi | year=1994 | isbn=81-208-1215-8}}
*{{Citation |last=Ramanujan |first=A.K. |author-link=A.K. Ramanujan |title=Poems of Love and War from the Eight Anthologies and the Ten Long Poems of Classical Tamil |series=[[UNESCO Collection of Representative Works]] |year=1985 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-231-05106-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/poemsoflovewarf00rama }}
*{{Citation | last=Selby | first=Martha Ann | title=Grow Long, Blessed Night: Love Poems from Classical India | publisher=Oxford University Press | place=New York | year=2000 | isbn=0-19-512734-X | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/growlongblessedn00selb }}
*{{Citation | last=Takahashi | first=Takanobu | title=Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics | publisher=E.J. Brill | place=Leiden | year=1995 | isbn=90-04-09352-4}}
*{{Citation | last=Zvelebil | first=Kamil | author-link=Kamil Zvelebil | title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India | publisher=E.J. Brill | place=Leiden | year=1973b | isbn=90-04-03591-5}}
* {{cite web | title= Tinaipoetics: An Ecopoetics of South India | work= K. Kaviarasu, Literary Association of Nepal, Volume 30, March 2017 | url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320958189_Tinaipoetics_An_Ecopoetics_of_South_India | access-date=2017-11-09}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Tamil poetics]]

{{Tamil-stub}}

Thinai - Revision history

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