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{{About|the 1st century BC Indo-Greek king||Theophilus (disambiguation){{!}}Theophilus}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name = Theophilos
| succession = [[Indo-Greek]] king
| image = Theophilos portrait.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Theophilos
| reign = 130 BCE or 90 BCE
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[[File:Theophilos Dikaios.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|<small>Coin of '''Theophilos'''.<br/> '''Obv:''' Bust of king Theophilus. Bead and reel contour. Greek Legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΘΕΟΦΙΛΟΥ "Of Fair/Just King Theophilos".<br/> '''Rev:''' [[Herakles]].</small>]]
[[Image:Theophilos.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Indian-standard coin of Theophilus, with bust of Herakles, and his club on reverse.]]
'''Theophilus Dicaeus''' ({{langx|grc|Θεόφιλος Δίκαιος|Theophilos Dikaios}}) was a minor [[Indo-Greek]] king who ruled for a short time in the [[Paropamisadae]]. He was possibly a relative of [[Zoilus I]] and is only known from coins. It is possible that some of Theophilus' coins in fact belong to another ruler, in Greek Bactria, during approximately the same period.

==Time of reign==
While Bopearachchi suggests c. 90 BCE, R. C. Senior believes that Theophilus ruled in the 130s BCE. Both numismatics do however suggest that the reigns of Theophilus and [[King Nicias|Nicias]] were adjacent.

==Coins of Theophilos==
Just like Zoilus I, Theophilus struck Indian silver coins with Heracles, a common symbol of the house of [[Euthydemus I]], and the epithet Dikaios/Dhramikasa ''"The Just/Follower of the Dharma".'' The monograms are mostly the same as those of [[King Nicias|Nicias]]. The bronzes have similar inscriptions.

'''Bronzes of Theophilos:'''
<gallery>
Image:Theophilos-634.jpg|[[Heracles]] with lion skin, and his club on the reverse.
</gallery>

==A Bactrian king Theophilus?==
There is a wholly different, and very rare, [[Attic-weight]] coinage of a king Theophilus. Found in Bactria, these coins feature a reverse with a seated Athena with Nike, a different title '''Autokrator''' "Autocrat King" ({{langx|grc|ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΟΣ}}), and also a separate monogram. Although this is not a very common occurrence on Indo-Greek coins, the coins of Theophilus have generally been accepted as belonging to one unique king. [[Bopearachchi]] has supported this proposition by pointing at the similarity between the portraits and the identical treatment of the diadem (one end straight, one end crooked).

Against this, Jakobsson<ref>Jakobsson, J: ''Theophilos Autokrator, a last Bactrian king?'' ONS Journal 202 (2010).</ref> argues that the coins issued by the later Indo-Greek kings for export into Bactria were consistently similar to these kings' regular Indian coinage. Consequently, the coins of Theophilos Autokrator were not such export issues, but should belong to a Bactrian ruler. Jakobsson suggests that Theophilus Autocrator was a Bactrian princelet who briefly maintained himself in some part of Bactria, after the [[Graeco-Bactrian|Hellenistic kingdom there]] had been vanquished by nomads, presumably in the 120s BCE.

==See also==
* [[Greco-Bactrian Kingdom]]
* [[Greco-Buddhism]]
* [[Indo-Scythians]]
* [[Indo-Parthian Kingdom]]
* [[Kushan Empire]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* ''The Greeks in Bactria and India'', W.W. Tarn, Cambridge University Press.

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Diomedes Soter|Diomedes]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Indo-Greek Kingdom|Indo-Greek]] ruler in [[Paropamisadae]]|years=c. 90 BCE}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Nicias (Indo-Greek king)|Nicias]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Indo-Greek kings}}
{{Hellenistic rulers}}

[[Category:Indo-Greek kings]]
[[Category:1st-century monarchs in Asia]]

Theophilus (Indo-Greek) - Revision history

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