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{{Short description|Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Thenkurangaaduturai
| image = Apathsahayeswarar temple, Aduthurai (5).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11|00|N|79|18|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = Aduthurai Temple
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Tanjore]]
| locale = [[Maruthuvakudi|Aduthurai]],
| deity = Abathsagaeswarar ([[Shiva]])
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}
''' Abathsahayeswarar Temple, Aduthurai''' (also called'''Ten Kurangaadutrai Temple, Aduthurai''') is a [[Hindu]] temple dedicated to [[Shiva]] located in the village of [[Maruthuvakudi|Aduthurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Shiva is worshipped as Apathsaheswarar, and is represented by the ''[[lingam]]''. His consort [[Parvati]] is depicted as Prabhavalli. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[nayanars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1961, Volume 7|year=1961|publisher=Director of Census publication}}</ref>

It houses two gateway towers known as ''[[gopurams]]''. The tallest is the western tower, with five stories and a height of {{convert|72|ft|m|0}}. The temple has numerous shrines, with those of Abathsahayeswarar and Prahavalli being the most prominent. The temple has six daily rituals at various times from 6:00 a.m. to 9 p.m., and three yearly festivals on its calendar. The ''Aippassi Annabhishekam'' festival is celebrated during the day of the Aippasi (October - November) is the most prominent festival.

The temple was originally built by the [[Cholas]] and has around fifteen inscriptions from them. The present masonry structure was built during the [[Thanjavur Nayak|Nayak]] during the 16th century. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by [[Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam]], a Saiva monastic institution..

==Legend==
[[File:Apathsahayeswarar temple, Aduthurai (16).jpg|250px|left|thumb|Legend of Sugriva worshipping Shiva]]
As per [[Hindu]] legend, during the [[Ramayana]] times, the monkey king Vaali had a fight with a demon king. They both started fighting for a long time inside a cave. Vaali's brother Sugriva was guarding the cave at the entrance. At one point, blood started flowing like a river. Sugriva felt that Vaali was killed in the combat and he closed the cave with a rock. He informed the incident to the people and he was crowned the king of Kishkintha. Vaali who eventually won the battle, came back to see that Sugriva was occupying his throne. He felt Sugriva deceived him and tried to kill him. Sugriva is believed to have prayed to [[Shiva]] at this place. Shiva was pleased by the devotion of Sugriva and rescued him from his brother Vaali because Sugriva could not compete with Vaali in a fight. Sugriva prayed to Shiva who turned Sugriva to a swan and kept him above the 'Vilva' tree, so Vaali could not find him. It is believed [[Rama]] searching for Sita came here with [[Hanuman]] and Sugriva and prayed here which gives an additional tribute to this temple.<ref name=Ayyar>{{cite book|title=South Indian Shrines: Illustrated|page=249|last=Ayyar|first=P. V. Jagadisa|publisher=Asian Educational Service|year=1993|isbn=81-206-0151-3|edition=2nd|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Since Shiva descended to save his devotee in danger, he is called Apathsahayeswarar (''Apath'' means danger, ''Sahyayam'' means rescuer).<ref name=R/> The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the banks of [[River Kaveri]].<ref name=Ka>{{cite book|title=River cauvery the most battl(r)ed|last=Ka. Vi.|first=Kannan|page=35|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9781684666041|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CGFDwAAQBAJ&q=thiruvavaduthurai}}</ref> Since a monkey (called ''Kurangu'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]) worshipped [[Shiva]] in place on the banks of a river (''Attru thurai'' in Tamil) the place came to be known as ''Kungatruthurai''.<ref>{{cite web|title=ஆபத்தில் கைகொடுக்கும் ஆடுதுறை ஆபத்சகாயேஸ்வரர் கோவில்|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/devotional/devotionaltopnews/2018/12/14100221/1217957/aduthurai-Abathsahayeswarar-Temple.vpf|access-date=28 August 2021|publisher=Malaimalar|date=14 December 2018}}</ref> Since there is another temple with a similar name is located on the north, this place is called ''Then Kurangatruthurai'', the one located on the South.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=223–4}}</ref>

==Architecture==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=left
| total_width = 400
| width1 = 4128 | height1 = 3096
| width2 = 4128 | height2 = 3096
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Apathsahayeswarar temple, Aduthurai (6).jpg
|image2=Apathsahayeswarar temple, Aduthurai (7).jpg
|footer=Shrines within the temple
}}
The temple is located in [[Maruthuvakudi|Aduthurai]], 14 km away from [[Kumbakonam]] on the [[Kumbakonam]]- [[Mayiladuthurai]] road.<ref>{{cite book|title=Temples of Forgotten Glory A Wide Angle Exposition|year=2019|first=Sekar|last=Venkatraman|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=9781645876250}}</ref> The Aduthurai railway station is also close by to the temple. The temple is surrounded by vast streets on all the four sides. The temple is built in Dravidian style with Vimaanas and a three-storied Gopuram. This temple is under the maintenance of [[Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam]], a Saiva monastic institution.<ref name=R/> The temple is believed to have been built by [[Sembiyan Mahadevi]], the [[Chola]] queen.<ref name=Ka/> The plaque of Sugriva worshipping Shiva is seen on the walls around the sanctum in the first precinct. There are fifteen inscriptions in the temple belonging to various kings like [[Parantaka II]] (Sundara) (963–980), [[Rajaraja I]] (985–1014), [[Kulothunga I]] (1070–1120), [[Virarajendra Chola|Virarajendra]] (1063–1070) and Marna Cataiyan. All the shrines of the temple are located inside the concentric walls of the temple. The sanctum is axial to the entrance tower facing east. The shrine of Mangalambigai is located in the hall leading to the sanctum and faces south. The shrine of Ambal faces South. The precinct around the sanctum has images of Vinayaka, Arumuga with Valli, Gajalakshmi and Nataraja. There is a small stage called Appar Arangam near the temple flag post.<ref name=R/> One of the earliest bronze and stone statues of [[Nataraja]] are found in the temple, which is believed to have been donated by Sembian Mahadevi, a Chola queen.<ref>{{cite news|title=The dancer frozen in bronze|first=Kausalya|last=Santhanam|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-dancer-frozen-in-bronze/article35078401.ece|work=The Hindu|date=1 July 2021|accessdate=28 August 2021}}</ref>

==Worship and religious practices==
The temple finds mention in ''[[Tevaram]]'', the 7th century 12 volume Saiva canonical work by Tamil saints, namely [[Appar]], [[Sundarar]] and [[Campantar]]. It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] glorified in the Saiva canon. Masimagam is the major festival celebrated in the temple. The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are performed six times a day; ''Kalasanthi'' at 6:00 a.m., ''Irandam Kalm'' at 9:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 a.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m, ''Irandam Kalm'' at 7:30 p.m., and ''Arthajamam'' at 9:00 p.m.. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for Apathsaheswarar and Prabhavalli. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'', and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. Masi Maham during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Maasi'' (February - March), Shivaratri in February- March and Panguni Uthiram during ''Panguni'' are the major festivals celebrated in the temple.<ref name=dinamalar>{{cite web|title=Sri Apathsahayeswarar temple temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/New.php?id=1046|publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|year=2014|accessdate=24 November 2015}}</ref> The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the banks of [[River Kaveri]].<ref name=Ka/>

==Notes==
{{reflist|20em}}

==References==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.thanjavur.nic.in/drda.htm|title=Aduthurai Temple|publisher=District Development Authority, Thanjavur|access-date=2013-04-24|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410005736/http://thanjavur.nic.in/drda.htm|archive-date=2009-04-10}}

==External links==
{{commonscat|Ten Kurangaaduturai Temple}}
{{Famous Shiva temples}}
{{Hindu Temples of Kumbakonam}}

[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam| ]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Thanjavur district]]

Thenkurangaduthurai Temple, Aduthurai - Revision history

Malik ali: location